| 1 |
greg |
1.1 |
#ifndef lint |
| 2 |
greg |
2.15 |
static const char RCSid[] = "$Id$"; |
| 3 |
greg |
1.1 |
#endif |
| 4 |
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/* |
| 5 |
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* dielectric.c - shading function for transparent materials. |
| 6 |
greg |
2.15 |
*/ |
| 7 |
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| 8 |
greg |
2.16 |
#include "copyright.h" |
| 9 |
greg |
1.1 |
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| 10 |
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#include "ray.h" |
| 11 |
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| 12 |
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#include "otypes.h" |
| 13 |
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| 14 |
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#ifdef DISPERSE |
| 15 |
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#include "source.h" |
| 16 |
greg |
2.5 |
static disperse(); |
| 17 |
greg |
2.6 |
static int lambda(); |
| 18 |
greg |
1.1 |
#endif |
| 19 |
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| 20 |
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/* |
| 21 |
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* Explicit calculations for Fresnel's equation are performed, |
| 22 |
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* but only one square root computation is necessary. |
| 23 |
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* The index of refraction is given as a Hartmann equation |
| 24 |
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* with lambda0 equal to zero. If the slope of Hartmann's |
| 25 |
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* equation is non-zero, the material disperses light upon |
| 26 |
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* refraction. This condition is examined on rays traced to |
| 27 |
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* light sources. If a ray is exiting a dielectric material, we |
| 28 |
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* check the sources to see if any would cause bright color to be |
| 29 |
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* directed to the viewer due to dispersion. This gives colorful |
| 30 |
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* sparkle to crystals, etc. (Only if DISPERSE is defined!) |
| 31 |
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* |
| 32 |
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* Arguments for MAT_DIELECTRIC are: |
| 33 |
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* red grn blu rndx Hartmann |
| 34 |
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* |
| 35 |
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* Arguments for MAT_INTERFACE are: |
| 36 |
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* red1 grn1 blu1 rndx1 red2 grn2 blu2 rndx2 |
| 37 |
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* |
| 38 |
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* The primaries are material transmission per unit length. |
| 39 |
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* MAT_INTERFACE uses dielectric1 for inside and dielectric2 for |
| 40 |
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* outside. |
| 41 |
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*/ |
| 42 |
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| 43 |
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| 44 |
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#define MLAMBDA 500 /* mean lambda */ |
| 45 |
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#define MAXLAMBDA 779 /* maximum lambda */ |
| 46 |
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#define MINLAMBDA 380 /* minimum lambda */ |
| 47 |
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| 48 |
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#define MINCOS 0.997 /* minimum dot product for dispersion */ |
| 49 |
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| 50 |
greg |
2.9 |
|
| 51 |
greg |
2.10 |
static double |
| 52 |
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mylog(x) /* special log for extinction coefficients */ |
| 53 |
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double x; |
| 54 |
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{ |
| 55 |
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if (x < 1e-40) |
| 56 |
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return(-100.); |
| 57 |
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if (x >= 1.) |
| 58 |
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return(0.); |
| 59 |
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return(log(x)); |
| 60 |
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} |
| 61 |
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| 62 |
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| 63 |
greg |
2.9 |
m_dielectric(m, r) /* color a ray which hit a dielectric interface */ |
| 64 |
greg |
1.1 |
OBJREC *m; |
| 65 |
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register RAY *r; |
| 66 |
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{ |
| 67 |
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double cos1, cos2, nratio; |
| 68 |
greg |
2.9 |
COLOR ctrans; |
| 69 |
greg |
2.11 |
COLOR talb; |
| 70 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
int hastexture; |
| 71 |
greg |
1.5 |
double refl, trans; |
| 72 |
greg |
1.1 |
FVECT dnorm; |
| 73 |
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double d1, d2; |
| 74 |
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RAY p; |
| 75 |
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register int i; |
| 76 |
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| 77 |
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if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype==MAT_DIELECTRIC ? 5 : 8)) |
| 78 |
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objerror(m, USER, "bad arguments"); |
| 79 |
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| 80 |
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raytexture(r, m->omod); /* get modifiers */ |
| 81 |
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| 82 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
if (hastexture = DOT(r->pert,r->pert) > FTINY*FTINY) |
| 83 |
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cos1 = raynormal(dnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
| 84 |
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else { |
| 85 |
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VCOPY(dnorm, r->ron); |
| 86 |
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cos1 = r->rod; |
| 87 |
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} |
| 88 |
greg |
1.1 |
/* index of refraction */ |
| 89 |
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if (m->otype == MAT_DIELECTRIC) |
| 90 |
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nratio = m->oargs.farg[3] + m->oargs.farg[4]/MLAMBDA; |
| 91 |
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else |
| 92 |
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nratio = m->oargs.farg[3] / m->oargs.farg[7]; |
| 93 |
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| 94 |
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if (cos1 < 0.0) { /* inside */ |
| 95 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
hastexture = -hastexture; |
| 96 |
greg |
1.1 |
cos1 = -cos1; |
| 97 |
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dnorm[0] = -dnorm[0]; |
| 98 |
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dnorm[1] = -dnorm[1]; |
| 99 |
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dnorm[2] = -dnorm[2]; |
| 100 |
greg |
2.10 |
setcolor(r->cext, -mylog(m->oargs.farg[0]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
| 101 |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[1]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
| 102 |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[2]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
| 103 |
greg |
2.11 |
setcolor(r->albedo, 0., 0., 0.); |
| 104 |
greg |
2.9 |
r->gecc = 0.; |
| 105 |
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if (m->otype == MAT_INTERFACE) { |
| 106 |
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setcolor(ctrans, |
| 107 |
greg |
2.10 |
-mylog(m->oargs.farg[4]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
| 108 |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[5]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
| 109 |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[6]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
| 110 |
greg |
2.11 |
setcolor(talb, 0., 0., 0.); |
| 111 |
greg |
2.9 |
} else { |
| 112 |
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copycolor(ctrans, cextinction); |
| 113 |
greg |
2.11 |
copycolor(talb, salbedo); |
| 114 |
greg |
2.9 |
} |
| 115 |
greg |
1.1 |
} else { /* outside */ |
| 116 |
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nratio = 1.0 / nratio; |
| 117 |
greg |
2.9 |
|
| 118 |
greg |
2.10 |
setcolor(ctrans, -mylog(m->oargs.farg[0]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
| 119 |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[1]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
| 120 |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[2]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
| 121 |
greg |
2.11 |
setcolor(talb, 0., 0., 0.); |
| 122 |
greg |
2.9 |
if (m->otype == MAT_INTERFACE) { |
| 123 |
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setcolor(r->cext, |
| 124 |
greg |
2.10 |
-mylog(m->oargs.farg[4]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
| 125 |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[5]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
| 126 |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[6]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
| 127 |
greg |
2.11 |
setcolor(r->albedo, 0., 0., 0.); |
| 128 |
greg |
2.9 |
r->gecc = 0.; |
| 129 |
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} |
| 130 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
| 131 |
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| 132 |
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d2 = 1.0 - nratio*nratio*(1.0 - cos1*cos1); /* compute cos theta2 */ |
| 133 |
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| 134 |
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if (d2 < FTINY) /* total reflection */ |
| 135 |
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| 136 |
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refl = 1.0; |
| 137 |
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| 138 |
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else { /* refraction occurs */ |
| 139 |
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/* compute Fresnel's equations */ |
| 140 |
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cos2 = sqrt(d2); |
| 141 |
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d1 = cos1; |
| 142 |
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d2 = nratio*cos2; |
| 143 |
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d1 = (d1 - d2) / (d1 + d2); |
| 144 |
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refl = d1 * d1; |
| 145 |
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| 146 |
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d1 = 1.0 / cos1; |
| 147 |
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d2 = nratio / cos2; |
| 148 |
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d1 = (d1 - d2) / (d1 + d2); |
| 149 |
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refl += d1 * d1; |
| 150 |
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| 151 |
greg |
2.9 |
refl *= 0.5; |
| 152 |
greg |
1.1 |
trans = 1.0 - refl; |
| 153 |
greg |
2.15 |
|
| 154 |
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trans *= nratio*nratio; /* solid angle ratio */ |
| 155 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
| 156 |
gwlarson |
2.13 |
if (rayorigin(&p, r, REFRACTED, trans) == 0) { |
| 157 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
| 158 |
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/* compute refracted ray */ |
| 159 |
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d1 = nratio*cos1 - cos2; |
| 160 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 161 |
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p.rdir[i] = nratio*r->rdir[i] + d1*dnorm[i]; |
| 162 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
/* accidental reflection? */ |
| 163 |
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if (hastexture && |
| 164 |
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DOT(p.rdir,r->ron)*hastexture >= -FTINY) { |
| 165 |
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d1 *= (double)hastexture; |
| 166 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* ignore texture */ |
| 167 |
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p.rdir[i] = nratio*r->rdir[i] + |
| 168 |
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d1*r->ron[i]; |
| 169 |
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normalize(p.rdir); /* not exact */ |
| 170 |
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} |
| 171 |
greg |
1.1 |
#ifdef DISPERSE |
| 172 |
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if (m->otype != MAT_DIELECTRIC |
| 173 |
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|| r->rod > 0.0 |
| 174 |
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|| r->crtype & SHADOW |
| 175 |
greg |
2.3 |
|| !directvis |
| 176 |
greg |
1.1 |
|| m->oargs.farg[4] == 0.0 |
| 177 |
greg |
2.12 |
|| !disperse(m, r, p.rdir, |
| 178 |
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trans, ctrans, talb)) |
| 179 |
greg |
1.1 |
#endif |
| 180 |
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{ |
| 181 |
greg |
2.9 |
copycolor(p.cext, ctrans); |
| 182 |
greg |
2.11 |
copycolor(p.albedo, talb); |
| 183 |
greg |
1.1 |
rayvalue(&p); |
| 184 |
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scalecolor(p.rcol, trans); |
| 185 |
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addcolor(r->rcol, p.rcol); |
| 186 |
greg |
2.4 |
if (nratio >= 1.0-FTINY && nratio <= 1.0+FTINY) |
| 187 |
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r->rt = r->rot + p.rt; |
| 188 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
| 189 |
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} |
| 190 |
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} |
| 191 |
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| 192 |
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if (!(r->crtype & SHADOW) && |
| 193 |
gwlarson |
2.13 |
rayorigin(&p, r, REFLECTED, refl) == 0) { |
| 194 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
| 195 |
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/* compute reflected ray */ |
| 196 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 197 |
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p.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*cos1*dnorm[i]; |
| 198 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
/* accidental penetration? */ |
| 199 |
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if (hastexture && DOT(p.rdir,r->ron)*hastexture <= FTINY) |
| 200 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* ignore texture */ |
| 201 |
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p.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*r->rod*r->ron[i]; |
| 202 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
| 203 |
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rayvalue(&p); /* reflected ray value */ |
| 204 |
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| 205 |
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scalecolor(p.rcol, refl); /* color contribution */ |
| 206 |
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addcolor(r->rcol, p.rcol); |
| 207 |
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} |
| 208 |
greg |
2.9 |
/* rayvalue() computes absorption */ |
| 209 |
greg |
2.7 |
return(1); |
| 210 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
| 211 |
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| 212 |
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| 213 |
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#ifdef DISPERSE |
| 214 |
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| 215 |
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static |
| 216 |
greg |
2.12 |
disperse(m, r, vt, tr, cet, abt) /* check light sources for dispersion */ |
| 217 |
greg |
1.1 |
OBJREC *m; |
| 218 |
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RAY *r; |
| 219 |
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FVECT vt; |
| 220 |
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double tr; |
| 221 |
greg |
2.12 |
COLOR cet, abt; |
| 222 |
greg |
1.1 |
{ |
| 223 |
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RAY sray, *entray; |
| 224 |
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FVECT v1, v2, n1, n2; |
| 225 |
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FVECT dv, v2Xdv; |
| 226 |
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double v2Xdvv2Xdv; |
| 227 |
greg |
1.7 |
int success = 0; |
| 228 |
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SRCINDEX si; |
| 229 |
greg |
1.1 |
FVECT vtmp1, vtmp2; |
| 230 |
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double dtmp1, dtmp2; |
| 231 |
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int l1, l2; |
| 232 |
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COLOR ctmp; |
| 233 |
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int i; |
| 234 |
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| 235 |
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/* |
| 236 |
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* This routine computes dispersion to the first order using |
| 237 |
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* the following assumptions: |
| 238 |
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* |
| 239 |
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* 1) The dependency of the index of refraction on wavelength |
| 240 |
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* is approximated by Hartmann's equation with lambda0 |
| 241 |
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* equal to zero. |
| 242 |
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* 2) The entry and exit locations are constant with respect |
| 243 |
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* to dispersion. |
| 244 |
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* |
| 245 |
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* The second assumption permits us to model dispersion without |
| 246 |
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* having to sample refracted directions. We assume that the |
| 247 |
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* geometry inside the material is constant, and concern ourselves |
| 248 |
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* only with the relationship between the entering and exiting ray. |
| 249 |
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* We compute the first derivatives of the entering and exiting |
| 250 |
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* refraction with respect to the index of refraction. This |
| 251 |
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* is then used in a first order Taylor series to determine the |
| 252 |
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* index of refraction necessary to send the exiting ray to each |
| 253 |
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* light source. |
| 254 |
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* If an exiting ray hits a light source within the refraction |
| 255 |
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* boundaries, we sum all the frequencies over the disc of the |
| 256 |
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* light source to determine the resulting color. A smaller light |
| 257 |
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* source will therefore exhibit a sharper spectrum. |
| 258 |
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*/ |
| 259 |
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| 260 |
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if (!(r->crtype & REFRACTED)) { /* ray started in material */ |
| 261 |
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VCOPY(v1, r->rdir); |
| 262 |
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n1[0] = -r->rdir[0]; n1[1] = -r->rdir[1]; n1[2] = -r->rdir[2]; |
| 263 |
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} else { |
| 264 |
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/* find entry point */ |
| 265 |
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for (entray = r; entray->rtype != REFRACTED; |
| 266 |
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entray = entray->parent) |
| 267 |
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; |
| 268 |
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entray = entray->parent; |
| 269 |
|
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if (entray->crtype & REFRACTED) /* too difficult */ |
| 270 |
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return(0); |
| 271 |
|
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VCOPY(v1, entray->rdir); |
| 272 |
|
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VCOPY(n1, entray->ron); |
| 273 |
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} |
| 274 |
|
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VCOPY(v2, vt); /* exiting ray */ |
| 275 |
|
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VCOPY(n2, r->ron); |
| 276 |
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| 277 |
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/* first order dispersion approx. */ |
| 278 |
|
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dtmp1 = DOT(n1, v1); |
| 279 |
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dtmp2 = DOT(n2, v2); |
| 280 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 281 |
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dv[i] = v1[i] + v2[i] - n1[i]/dtmp1 - n2[i]/dtmp2; |
| 282 |
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| 283 |
|
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if (DOT(dv, dv) <= FTINY) /* null effect */ |
| 284 |
|
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return(0); |
| 285 |
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/* compute plane normal */ |
| 286 |
|
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fcross(v2Xdv, v2, dv); |
| 287 |
|
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v2Xdvv2Xdv = DOT(v2Xdv, v2Xdv); |
| 288 |
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| 289 |
|
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/* check sources */ |
| 290 |
greg |
1.7 |
initsrcindex(&si); |
| 291 |
|
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while (srcray(&sray, r, &si)) { |
| 292 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
| 293 |
greg |
1.7 |
if (DOT(sray.rdir, v2) < MINCOS) |
| 294 |
greg |
1.1 |
continue; /* bad source */ |
| 295 |
|
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/* adjust source ray */ |
| 296 |
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|
| 297 |
|
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dtmp1 = DOT(v2Xdv, sray.rdir) / v2Xdvv2Xdv; |
| 298 |
|
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sray.rdir[0] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[0]; |
| 299 |
|
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sray.rdir[1] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[1]; |
| 300 |
|
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sray.rdir[2] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[2]; |
| 301 |
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| 302 |
|
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l1 = lambda(m, v2, dv, sray.rdir); /* mean lambda */ |
| 303 |
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| 304 |
|
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if (l1 > MAXLAMBDA || l1 < MINLAMBDA) /* not visible */ |
| 305 |
|
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continue; |
| 306 |
|
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/* trace source ray */ |
| 307 |
greg |
2.12 |
copycolor(sray.cext, cet); |
| 308 |
|
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copycolor(sray.albedo, abt); |
| 309 |
greg |
1.1 |
normalize(sray.rdir); |
| 310 |
|
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rayvalue(&sray); |
| 311 |
greg |
1.2 |
if (bright(sray.rcol) <= FTINY) /* missed it */ |
| 312 |
greg |
1.1 |
continue; |
| 313 |
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|
| 314 |
|
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/* |
| 315 |
|
|
* Compute spectral sum over diameter of source. |
| 316 |
|
|
* First find directions for rays going to opposite |
| 317 |
|
|
* sides of source, then compute wavelengths for each. |
| 318 |
|
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*/ |
| 319 |
|
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|
| 320 |
|
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fcross(vtmp1, v2Xdv, sray.rdir); |
| 321 |
greg |
1.7 |
dtmp1 = sqrt(si.dom / v2Xdvv2Xdv / PI); |
| 322 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
| 323 |
|
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/* compute first ray */ |
| 324 |
|
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 325 |
|
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vtmp2[i] = sray.rdir[i] + dtmp1*vtmp1[i]; |
| 326 |
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| 327 |
|
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l1 = lambda(m, v2, dv, vtmp2); /* first lambda */ |
| 328 |
|
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if (l1 < 0) |
| 329 |
|
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continue; |
| 330 |
|
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/* compute second ray */ |
| 331 |
|
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 332 |
|
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vtmp2[i] = sray.rdir[i] - dtmp1*vtmp1[i]; |
| 333 |
|
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|
| 334 |
|
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l2 = lambda(m, v2, dv, vtmp2); /* second lambda */ |
| 335 |
|
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if (l2 < 0) |
| 336 |
|
|
continue; |
| 337 |
|
|
/* compute color from spectrum */ |
| 338 |
|
|
if (l1 < l2) |
| 339 |
|
|
spec_rgb(ctmp, l1, l2); |
| 340 |
|
|
else |
| 341 |
|
|
spec_rgb(ctmp, l2, l1); |
| 342 |
|
|
multcolor(ctmp, sray.rcol); |
| 343 |
|
|
scalecolor(ctmp, tr); |
| 344 |
|
|
addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); |
| 345 |
|
|
success++; |
| 346 |
|
|
} |
| 347 |
|
|
return(success); |
| 348 |
|
|
} |
| 349 |
|
|
|
| 350 |
|
|
|
| 351 |
|
|
static int |
| 352 |
|
|
lambda(m, v2, dv, lr) /* compute lambda for material */ |
| 353 |
|
|
register OBJREC *m; |
| 354 |
|
|
FVECT v2, dv, lr; |
| 355 |
|
|
{ |
| 356 |
|
|
FVECT lrXdv, v2Xlr; |
| 357 |
|
|
double dtmp, denom; |
| 358 |
|
|
int i; |
| 359 |
|
|
|
| 360 |
|
|
fcross(lrXdv, lr, dv); |
| 361 |
|
|
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 362 |
|
|
if (lrXdv[i] > FTINY || lrXdv[i] < -FTINY) |
| 363 |
|
|
break; |
| 364 |
|
|
if (i >= 3) |
| 365 |
|
|
return(-1); |
| 366 |
|
|
|
| 367 |
|
|
fcross(v2Xlr, v2, lr); |
| 368 |
|
|
|
| 369 |
|
|
dtmp = m->oargs.farg[4] / MLAMBDA; |
| 370 |
|
|
denom = dtmp + v2Xlr[i]/lrXdv[i] * (m->oargs.farg[3] + dtmp); |
| 371 |
|
|
|
| 372 |
|
|
if (denom < FTINY) |
| 373 |
|
|
return(-1); |
| 374 |
|
|
|
| 375 |
|
|
return(m->oargs.farg[4] / denom); |
| 376 |
|
|
} |
| 377 |
|
|
|
| 378 |
|
|
#endif /* DISPERSE */ |
