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.\" SCCSid "$SunId$ LBL" |
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.\" RCSid "$Id$" |
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.nr PS 11 |
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.ps 11 |
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.nr VS 12 |
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n dx dy dz set surface normal for current vertex |
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_ _ _ |
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f v1 v2 v3 ... polygon using current material, spec. vertices |
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fh v1 v2 v3 - ... face with explicit holes |
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sph vc radius sphere |
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cyl v1 radius v2 truncated right cylinder (open-ended) |
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cone v1 rad1 v2 rad2 truncated right cone (open-ended) |
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= = = = = |
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Object o - - - |
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Transform xf - - T{ |
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f, sph, cyl, cone, |
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f, fh, sph, cyl, cone, |
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ring, torus, prism |
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T} |
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Material m 2-sided black T{ |
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sides, rd, td, |
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ed, rs, ts |
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ed, rs, ts, ir |
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T} T{ |
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f, sph, cyl, cone, |
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f, fh, sph, cyl, cone, |
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ring, torus, prism |
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T} |
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Color c neutral grey T{ |
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(0,0,0), |
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no normal |
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T} p, n T{ |
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f, sph, cyl, cone, |
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f, fh, sph, cyl, cone, |
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ring, torus, prism |
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T} |
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.TE |
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.TS |
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lw(.75i) lw(1.75i) lw(3i). |
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f v1 v2 v3 ... polygon using current material, spec. vertices |
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fh v1 v2 v3 - ... face with explicit holes |
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sph vc radius sphere |
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cyl v1 radius v2 truncated right cylinder (open-ended) |
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cone v1 rad1 v2 rad2 truncated right cone (open-ended) |
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# A 100-watt incandescent bulb (1600 lumens) modeled as a sphere |
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m |
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c |
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cct 3000 |
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cct 3000 |
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ed 87712 |
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v cent = |
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p 0 0 0 |
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require a normal direction. |
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An |
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.UL f |
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or |
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.UL fh |
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entity will interpolate vertex normals if given, and |
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use the polygon plane normal otherwise. |
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See the |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL n, |
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.UL p, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL n, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL ring, |
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SEE ALSO |
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.LP |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL p, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL ring, |
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Also, specified normals should point in the general direction of the |
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surface for best results. |
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.LP |
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There is no explicit representation of holes in MGF. A hole must be |
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represented implicitly by connecting vertices to form "seams." For |
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There is no explicit representation of holes in this entity, but see |
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the |
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.UL fh |
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entity for an alternative specification. |
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.LP |
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A hole may be represented implicitly in a face entity |
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by connecting vertices to form "seams." |
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For |
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example, a wall with a window in it might look as shown in Figure 1. |
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In many systems, the wall itself would be represented with the first |
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list of vertices, (v1,v2,v3,v4) and the hole associated with that |
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wall as a second set of vertices (v5,v6,v7,v8). In MGF, we must |
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wall as a second set of vertices (v5,v6,v7,v8). |
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Using the face entity, we must |
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give the whole thing as a single polygon, connecting the vertices so |
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as to create a "seam," as shown in Figure 2. |
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This could be written in MGF as "f v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6 v7 v8 v5 v4". |
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This could be written as "f v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6 v7 v8 v5 v4". |
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.LP |
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It is very important that the order of the hole be opposite to the |
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order of the outer perimeter, otherwise the polygon will be |
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.LP |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL m, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL ring, |
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.UL sph, |
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.UL torus, |
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.UL v |
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.ds RH FH |
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.bp |
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.SH |
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NAME |
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.LP |
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fh - create a polygonal face with explicit holes |
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.SH |
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SYNOPSIS |
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.LP |
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.B fh |
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.I "p1 p2 ... - h1.1 h1.2 ... - h2.1 h2.2 ..." |
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.SH |
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DESCRIPTION |
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.LP |
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Create a polygonal face with optional holes made of the current material. |
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The first contour is the outer perimeter, with vertices given in |
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counter-clockwise order as seen from the front side (the same as the |
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.UL f |
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entity). |
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A hole is indicated by a hyphen ('-') followed by the hole's |
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vertices, given in clockwise order as seen from the front side. |
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Multiple hole contours are separated by additional hyphens. |
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There must be at least three vertices for each contour, and the |
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last vertex is implicitly connected to the first. |
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If any vertex is undefined, an error will result. |
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.LP |
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If any vertices have associated surface normals, they will be used |
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instead of the average plane normal, though it is safest to specify |
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either all normals or no normals, and to stick with triangles |
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when normals are used. |
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Also, specified normals should point in the general direction of the |
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surface for best results. |
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.LP |
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Vertices should not be shared between any two contours. |
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I.e., a hole should not share a vertex or edge with the perimeter or |
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another hole, or incorrect rendering may result. |
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.SH |
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EXAMPLE |
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.DS |
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# Make a wall with a window using an explicit hole. |
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# (See Figures 1 and 2.) |
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fh v1 v2 v3 v4 - v5 v6 v7 v8 |
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.DE |
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.SH |
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SEE ALSO |
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.LP |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL m, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL ring, |
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.UL sph, |
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.UL torus, |
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.UL v |
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.ds RH SPH |
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.bp |
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.SH |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL m, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL ring, |
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.LP |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL m, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL ring, |
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.LP |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL m, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL ring, |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL m, |
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.UL ring, |
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.UL sph, |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL m, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL sph, |
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.UL cyl, |
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.UL cone, |
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.UL f, |
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.UL fh, |
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.UL m, |
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.UL prism, |
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.UL ring, |
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#define MG_EUNK 1 /* unknown entity */ |
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#define MG_EARGC 2 /* wrong number of arguments */ |
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#define MG_ETYPE 3 /* argument type error */ |
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#define MG_EILL 4 /* illegal argument value */ |
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#define MG_EILL 4 /* illegal argument value */ |
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#define MG_EUNDEF 5 /* undefined reference */ |
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#define MG_ENOFILE 6 /* cannot open input file */ |
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#define MG_EINCL 7 /* error in included file */ |
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#define MG_ELINE 11 /* input line too long */ |
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#define MG_ECNTXT 12 /* unmatched context close */ |
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|
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#define MG_NERRS 13 |
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#define MG_NERRS 13 |
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.DE |
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If it is inappropriate to send output to standard error, the calling |
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program should use the routines listed under |
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|
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typedef struct { |
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int clock; /* incremented each change -- resettable */ |
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char *client_data; /* pointer to private client data */ |
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FVECT p, n; /* point and normal */ |
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} C_VERTEX; /* vertex context */ |
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.DE |
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transform has not changed, which is uniquely identified by the |
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global |
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.I xf_context->xid |
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variable, but only if one is using the parser libraries transform |
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variable, but only if one is using the parser library's transform |
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handler. |
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(See the |
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.I xf_handler |
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page.)\0 |
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The |
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.I client_data |
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pointer may be used to index private application data for vertex |
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linking, etc. |
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This pointer is initialized to NULL when the context is created, |
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and otherwise ignored by the parser library. |
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.LP |
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It is possible but not recommended to alter the contents of the |
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It is possible but not recommended to alter the shared contents of the |
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vertex structure returned by |
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.I c_getvert. |
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Normally it is read during the |
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|
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typedef struct { |
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int clock; /* incremented each change */ |
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char *client_data; /* pointer to private client data */ |
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short flags; /* what's been set */ |
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short ssamp[C_CNSS]; /* spectral samples, min wl to max */ |
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long ssum; /* straight sum of spectral values */ |
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This is a convenient way to keep track of whether or not a color has |
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changed since its last use. |
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The |
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.I client_data |
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pointer may be used to index private application data. |
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This pointer is initialized to NULL when the context is created, |
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and otherwise ignored by the parser library. |
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The |
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.I flags |
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member indicates which color representations have been assigned, |
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and is an inclusive OR of one or more of the following: |
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|
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typedef struct { |
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int clock; /* incremented each change -- resettable */ |
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char *client_data; /* pointer to private client data */ |
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int sided; /* 1 if surface is 1-sided, 0 for 2-sided */ |
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float nr, ni; /* index of refraction, real and imaginary */ |
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float rd; /* diffuse reflectance */ |
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desired. |
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This is a convenient way to keep track of whether or not a material has |
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changed since its last use. |
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The |
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.I client_data |
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pointer may be used to index private application data. |
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This pointer is initialized to NULL when the context is created, |
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and otherwise ignored by the parser library. |
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.LP |
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All reflectance and transmittance values correspond to normal |
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incidence, and may vary as a function of angle depending on the |
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The hardest part is translating the specular power to a roughness value. |
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For this, we recommend the following approximation: |
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.IP |
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roughness = 0.6/sqrt(specular_power) |
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roughness = sqrt(2/specular_power) |
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.LP |
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It is not a perfect correlation, but it is about as close as one can get. |
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.NH 3 |