| 1 |
< |
$Id$ |
| 1 |
> |
trad.hlp 2.18 10/20/98 |
| 2 |
|
|
| 3 |
|
This help file is associated with the trad interface to the Radiance |
| 4 |
|
rad(1) program. Trad consists of trad.wsh and one do_*.tcl file for |
| 5 |
< |
each screen. There are currently seven such screens: Action, File, |
| 6 |
< |
Options, Results, Scene, Views and Zone. |
| 5 |
> |
each screen. There are currently seven such screens: File, Scene, |
| 6 |
> |
Zone, Views, Options, Action and Results. |
| 7 |
|
|
| 8 |
|
.Trad.Intro |
| 9 |
|
|
| 48 |
|
curiosity in the main trad window. |
| 49 |
|
(In general, only active windows are given help file links -- click |
| 50 |
|
on these rather than the text labels.) |
| 51 |
+ |
Additional search capabilities are available over all topics using |
| 52 |
+ |
the "Grep" button. |
| 53 |
|
|
| 54 |
|
For help on the help facility itself, Control-click on the problem |
| 55 |
|
help widget or on the window title in the upper right corner for |
| 57 |
|
(To get back to trad-specific help, press the "HELP" button in the |
| 58 |
|
main trad window or Control-click on a trad widget.) |
| 59 |
|
|
| 58 |
– |
Once the help window has been displayed, it is usually best to |
| 59 |
– |
lower or iconify it rather than dismissing it if further help is |
| 60 |
– |
needed. |
| 61 |
– |
This way, you will not have to wait for the help file to be read in |
| 62 |
– |
all over again every time you have a question. |
| 63 |
– |
|
| 60 |
|
.Trad.Messages |
| 61 |
|
|
| 62 |
|
Informative messages, commands executed by rad, and errors |
| 398 |
|
size of the space. |
| 399 |
|
|
| 400 |
|
The Zone entry windows may be manipulated in the following ways. |
| 405 |
– |
Control-U clears the current window. |
| 401 |
|
Control-V pastes the contents of the current selection at the |
| 402 |
|
insertion point. |
| 403 |
|
Return moves the focus to the next window in the chain. |
| 404 |
|
|
| 405 |
+ |
The "Auto" button may be used to set these values based on the bounding |
| 406 |
+ |
box of one or more Radiance scene files. |
| 407 |
+ |
|
| 408 |
+ |
.Zone.Auto |
| 409 |
+ |
|
| 410 |
+ |
Use this button to automatically determine the bounding box for this |
| 411 |
+ |
zone, based on the output of the "getbbox" command run on one or |
| 412 |
+ |
more Radiance scene files. |
| 413 |
+ |
The appropriate scene files are entered via a file |
| 414 |
+ |
selection dialogue box, which comes up after the button is pressed. |
| 415 |
+ |
|
| 416 |
+ |
The reason for selecting specific files rather than running getbbox |
| 417 |
+ |
on the entire scene is that a zone usually does not include large |
| 418 |
+ |
external objects, which may be present in the complete scene |
| 419 |
+ |
description. |
| 420 |
+ |
|
| 421 |
|
.Zone.Detail |
| 422 |
|
|
| 423 |
|
The "Detail" setting indicates the relative level |
| 487 |
|
|
| 488 |
|
There are two basic ways to compute the exposure value. |
| 489 |
|
The first is by trial and error, where the value is adjusted up and |
| 490 |
< |
down within rview using the "e = value" command. |
| 490 |
> |
down within rvu using the "e = value" command. |
| 491 |
|
Though it sounds flaky, this is the most reliable way to set the |
| 492 |
|
exposure (and ambient level) in general lighting situations. |
| 493 |
|
|
| 505 |
|
(Divide total lumens by 179 lumens/watt to get watts.) |
| 506 |
|
|
| 507 |
|
The exposure value may either be given as a positive real value, or |
| 508 |
< |
as a real value preceeded by a '+' or '-' indicating a positive or |
| 508 |
> |
as a real value preceded by a '+' or '-' indicating a positive or |
| 509 |
|
negative number of f-stops (powers of two) from the original value. |
| 510 |
|
|
| 511 |
|
If no exposure is given, pfilt will automatically compute the |
| 545 |
|
To remove an unwanted view, select it and press the "Delete" button. |
| 546 |
|
To undo this action, simply press the "Add" button again. |
| 547 |
|
|
| 548 |
< |
The first view in the list is the default given to rview during |
| 548 |
> |
The first view in the list is the default given to rvu during |
| 549 |
|
interactive rendering, and is the first view rendered in a batch run. |
| 550 |
|
To change the default view, select the newly desired view and press |
| 551 |
|
the "Set Default" button. |
| 584 |
|
added to the picture file name along with the standard ".pic" suffix. |
| 585 |
|
|
| 586 |
|
The standard views are specified by strings of the form |
| 587 |
< |
"[Xx]?[Yy]?[Zz]?[vlah]?". |
| 587 |
> |
"[Xx]?[Yy]?[Zz]?[vlahsc]?". |
| 588 |
|
(That is, an optional upper or lower case X followed by an optional |
| 589 |
|
upper or lower case Y followed by an optional upper or lower case Z |
| 590 |
< |
followed by an optional lower case V, L, A or H.) |
| 590 |
> |
followed by an optional lower case view type.) |
| 591 |
|
The letters indicate the desired view position, where upper case "X" |
| 592 |
|
means maximum X, lower case "y" means minimum Y and so on. |
| 593 |
|
The final letter is the view type, where 'v' is perspective (the |
| 594 |
< |
default), 'l' is parallel, 'a' is angular fisheye, and 'h' is |
| 595 |
< |
hemispherical fisheye. |
| 596 |
< |
A perspective view from maximum X, minimum Y would be "Xy" or |
| 597 |
< |
"Xyv". |
| 594 |
> |
default), 'l' is parallel, 'a' is angular fisheye, 'h' is |
| 595 |
> |
hemispherical fisheye, 's' is for planisphere (stereographic) fisheye, |
| 596 |
> |
and 'c' is for cylindrical panorama. |
| 597 |
> |
A perspective view from maximum X, minimum Y would be "Xy" or "Xyv". |
| 598 |
|
A parallel view from maximum Z would be "Zl". |
| 599 |
|
If "ZONE" is an interior zone, the standard views will |
| 600 |
|
be inside the perimeter. |
| 614 |
|
define a view. |
| 615 |
|
|
| 616 |
|
The simplest view specification is of the form "-vf viewfile", where |
| 617 |
< |
"viewfile" is a file created with the rview "view" command, or a |
| 617 |
> |
"viewfile" is a file created with the rvu "view" command, or a |
| 618 |
|
Radiance picture. |
| 619 |
|
This method of naming views, although convenient, is not the best |
| 620 |
|
since it is difficult to know exactly where such a view is by |
| 633 |
|
Consult the rpict(1) manual page for a full description of the various |
| 634 |
|
view options, all of which begin with "-v". |
| 635 |
|
Just briefly, the "-vt?" option sets the view type, where "?" is |
| 636 |
< |
replaced by one of the letters "v, l, a or h", corresponding to |
| 637 |
< |
perspective, parallel, angular and hemispherical fisheye, respectively. |
| 636 |
> |
replaced by one of the letters "v, l, a, h, s or c", corresponding to |
| 637 |
> |
perspective, parallel, angular fisheye, hemispherical fisheye |
| 638 |
> |
and cylindrical panorama, respectively. |
| 639 |
|
The "-vp x y z" option sets the view position (eyepoint), where "x y z" |
| 640 |
|
is replaced by the position in 3-space. |
| 641 |
|
The "-vd xd yd zd" option sets the view direction, where "xd yd zd" |
| 697 |
|
for the convenience of entering a new view. |
| 698 |
|
It has no effect on the rad input variables. |
| 699 |
|
|
| 688 |
– |
Note that Control-U will always clear an entry box whose cursor is |
| 689 |
– |
active. |
| 690 |
– |
|
| 700 |
|
.Views.Default |
| 701 |
|
|
| 702 |
|
The "Set Default" button may be used to make the selected view the |
| 703 |
|
default view for rendering. |
| 704 |
|
This simply moves the view to the top of the list in the rad input file. |
| 705 |
< |
The default view will be the one normally rendered by rview when rad |
| 705 |
> |
The default view will be the one normally rendered by rvu when rad |
| 706 |
|
is started interactively, and is the first view rendered in a batch |
| 707 |
|
process. |
| 708 |
|
|
| 719 |
|
the positive Y axis (+Y), the positive Z axis (+Z), the negative |
| 720 |
|
X axis (-X), the negative Y axis (-Y), or the negative Z axis (-Z). |
| 721 |
|
|
| 722 |
< |
This setting may always be overriden by the "-vu xd yd zd" option, |
| 722 |
> |
This setting may always be overridden by the "-vu xd yd zd" option, |
| 723 |
|
and will be altered for a particular view if it happens to be |
| 724 |
|
parallel to the view direction. |
| 725 |
|
|
| 726 |
+ |
.Views.Eyesep |
| 727 |
+ |
|
| 728 |
+ |
The eye separation is used for generating stereo views of |
| 729 |
+ |
the scene. |
| 730 |
+ |
It is the measured distance between a viewer's pupils in world |
| 731 |
+ |
coordinate units. |
| 732 |
+ |
It is not used directly by rad, but should be set for other programs |
| 733 |
+ |
that need it, such as rholo and glrad. |
| 734 |
+ |
|
| 735 |
|
.Views.Picture |
| 736 |
|
|
| 737 |
|
The root picture file name is given in the "Picture" entry window. |
| 767 |
|
|
| 768 |
|
The default value for this variable is "512". |
| 769 |
|
|
| 770 |
+ |
.Views.Rawfile |
| 771 |
+ |
|
| 772 |
+ |
The "Rawfile" entry window determines if and where the raw output picture |
| 773 |
+ |
from rpict will be saved. |
| 774 |
+ |
If the entry is empty, the file will be removed after rendering and |
| 775 |
+ |
filtering. |
| 776 |
+ |
This is the normal action, since the raw file |
| 777 |
+ |
takes up disk space and is not generally useful. |
| 778 |
+ |
However, if you wish to perform some special filtering function, |
| 779 |
+ |
this file can be renamed instead of removed by giving a |
| 780 |
+ |
root file name in this entry window. |
| 781 |
+ |
The final name in this case will be the given root plus and |
| 782 |
+ |
underscore plus the view name followed by a ".pic" suffix. |
| 783 |
+ |
|
| 784 |
+ |
In the special case when the raw file name and picture file name are |
| 785 |
+ |
the same, the raw file is saved and no filtering takes place. |
| 786 |
+ |
|
| 787 |
+ |
.Views.Zfile |
| 788 |
+ |
|
| 789 |
+ |
The "Zfile" entry window gives the root name of the file in which to |
| 790 |
+ |
store the raw (binary floating point) distances to pixels in the |
| 791 |
+ |
original generated image. |
| 792 |
+ |
If this entry is empty, then no z-file will be saved. |
| 793 |
+ |
|
| 794 |
+ |
The final z-file name will be the given root plus an underscore plus |
| 795 |
+ |
the view name plus a ".zbf" suffix. |
| 796 |
+ |
|
| 797 |
+ |
To convert this image to human-readable form, the program "od" will |
| 798 |
+ |
work on some systems, or the Radiance "pvalue" program may be used |
| 799 |
+ |
to first convert it to a greyscale Radiance picture using the |
| 800 |
+ |
options "-r -h -b -df `getinfo -d < pictname`" where "pictname" is |
| 801 |
+ |
replaced by the raw picture file name. |
| 802 |
+ |
(Getinfo simply gets the original image dimensions, which are not |
| 803 |
+ |
stored in the z-file.) |
| 804 |
+ |
|
| 805 |
|
.Views.Copy |
| 806 |
|
|
| 807 |
|
The "Copy" button in the Views screen permits those variables |
| 838 |
|
minutes) between progress reports. |
| 839 |
|
|
| 840 |
|
Other windows allow the user to customize the options to oconv(1), |
| 841 |
< |
mkillum(1), rview(1) and rpict(1), and pfilt(1). |
| 841 |
> |
mkillum(1), rvu(1) and rpict(1), and pfilt(1). |
| 842 |
|
|
| 843 |
|
.Options.Quality |
| 844 |
|
|
| 883 |
|
It only means that some accuracy and possibly some smoothness |
| 884 |
|
will be traded for speed in the shadow calculations. |
| 885 |
|
|
| 886 |
+ |
.Options.Pgmap |
| 887 |
+ |
|
| 888 |
+ |
The "Pgmap" specifies the file to hold the global photons computed |
| 889 |
+ |
by the "mkpmap" command, followed by the number of photons to generate |
| 890 |
+ |
(required). |
| 891 |
+ |
A typical photon count for a global map is on the order of 100-200K. |
| 892 |
+ |
(A 'K', 'M', or 'G' may follow the value to indicate 1000's, millions, |
| 893 |
+ |
or billions of photons.) |
| 894 |
+ |
By convention, photon map files are given a ".pmp" suffix. |
| 895 |
+ |
An optional third parameter specifies the bandwidth to use |
| 896 |
+ |
for the global photons during rendering, and this value should be |
| 897 |
+ |
around 50. |
| 898 |
+ |
|
| 899 |
+ |
.Options.PgmDelete |
| 900 |
+ |
|
| 901 |
+ |
The "Delete" button next to the "Pgmap" window on the Options |
| 902 |
+ |
screen allows you to remove the named global photon map file. |
| 903 |
+ |
This is usually done when a change is made to the "mkpmap" options, |
| 904 |
+ |
as the file will be regenerated automatically after most scene changes. |
| 905 |
+ |
|
| 906 |
+ |
.Options.Pcmap |
| 907 |
+ |
|
| 908 |
+ |
The "Pcmap" specifies the file to hold the caustic photons computed |
| 909 |
+ |
by the "mkpmap" command, followed by the number of photons to generate |
| 910 |
+ |
(required). |
| 911 |
+ |
A typical photon count for a global map is on the order of 1000K (1M). |
| 912 |
+ |
(A 'K', 'M', or 'G' may follow the value to indicate 1000's, millions, |
| 913 |
+ |
or billions of photons.) |
| 914 |
+ |
By convention, photon map files are given a ".pmp" suffix. |
| 915 |
+ |
An optional third parameter specifies the bandwidth to use |
| 916 |
+ |
for the global photons during rendering, and this value should be |
| 917 |
+ |
around 50. |
| 918 |
+ |
(See the "Pgmap" topic under the current help category.) |
| 919 |
+ |
|
| 920 |
+ |
.Options.PcmDelete |
| 921 |
+ |
|
| 922 |
+ |
The "Delete" button next to the "Pcmap" window on the Options |
| 923 |
+ |
screen allows you to remove the named caustic photon map file. |
| 924 |
+ |
This is usually done when a change is made to the "mkpmap" options, |
| 925 |
+ |
as the file will be regenerated automatically after most scene changes. |
| 926 |
+ |
|
| 927 |
|
.Options.Ambfile |
| 928 |
|
|
| 929 |
|
The "Ambfile" is the file used to store Radiance ambient values for |
| 957 |
|
|
| 958 |
|
The "Optfile" setting assigns a file to hold rendering options, |
| 959 |
|
which may be a convenience when these options are reused for |
| 960 |
< |
rtrace(1) or rpiece(1), or manual invocations of rview or rpict. |
| 960 |
> |
rtrace(1) or rpiece(1), or manual invocations of rvu or rpict. |
| 961 |
|
Using an options file also reduces the size of the command line, |
| 962 |
|
making it a little easier on the eye. |
| 963 |
|
|
| 973 |
|
Normally, progress reports and errors during batch renderings |
| 974 |
|
are sent to the error file given by the root of the rad input |
| 975 |
|
file name followed by the ".err" suffix. |
| 976 |
< |
(See the "Errors" topic under the "Action" screen category.) |
| 976 |
> |
(See the "CheckErr" topic under the "Action" screen category.) |
| 977 |
|
If you wish these reports and errors to be directed to a different |
| 978 |
|
file, follow the time interval by a space and a file name. |
| 979 |
|
|
| 1008 |
|
.Options.Mkillum |
| 1009 |
|
|
| 1010 |
|
The "mkillum opts" window may be used to specify options to the |
| 1011 |
< |
mkillum(1) command, whose options are actually passed to rtrace(1). |
| 1011 |
> |
mkillum(1) command. |
| 1012 |
|
These options apply only if there are one or more "Illum" files |
| 1013 |
|
named on the Scene screen. |
| 1014 |
|
|
| 1015 |
|
It is very important to set mkillum options sensibly, |
| 1016 |
|
since rad does not have the intelligence to do it for you. |
| 1017 |
|
|
| 1018 |
+ |
.Options.Mkpmap |
| 1019 |
+ |
|
| 1020 |
+ |
The "mkpmap opts" window may be used to specify options |
| 1021 |
+ |
to the mkpmap(1) command. |
| 1022 |
+ |
There are no default values, and rad does not set these |
| 1023 |
+ |
options intelligently. |
| 1024 |
+ |
|
| 1025 |
|
.Options.Render |
| 1026 |
|
|
| 1027 |
|
The "render opts" window is used to specify additional options to |
| 1028 |
< |
the rview(1) and rpict(1) rendering programs. |
| 1028 |
> |
the rvu(1) and rpict(1) rendering programs. |
| 1029 |
|
Most of the important parameters are computed by rad, so this |
| 1030 |
|
window is usually used to override specific parameters or to give |
| 1031 |
|
additional information, such as which materials to exclude from the |
| 1074 |
|
run, usually via rad(1). |
| 1075 |
|
The top row of buttons is used to update the octree following a |
| 1076 |
|
change to one or more input files. |
| 1077 |
< |
The "rview" button starts an interactive rendering in the |
| 1077 |
> |
The "rvu" button starts an interactive rendering in the |
| 1078 |
|
foreground. |
| 1079 |
|
The next set of buttons provides for the control of a batch |
| 1080 |
|
rendering process, taking place in the background. |
| 1152 |
|
(This will still cause the ambient file to be removed, |
| 1153 |
|
unfortunately.) |
| 1154 |
|
|
| 1155 |
< |
.Action.Rview |
| 1155 |
> |
.Action.Rvu |
| 1156 |
|
|
| 1157 |
< |
The "rview" button on the Action screen starts an interactive |
| 1157 |
> |
The "rvu" button on the Action screen starts an interactive |
| 1158 |
|
rendering for the selected view, indicated by the menu button |
| 1159 |
|
just to the right. |
| 1160 |
< |
Other views may be accessed within rview using the "L name" |
| 1160 |
> |
Other views may be accessed within rvu using the "L name" |
| 1161 |
|
command, and new views can be added with the "V name" |
| 1162 |
|
command. |
| 1062 |
– |
(See the rview(1) man page and the "View" topic in the current |
| 1063 |
– |
help category for more information.) |
| 1163 |
|
|
| 1164 |
+ |
When using the "V" command to change an existing view, do not |
| 1165 |
+ |
give it an existing name because the previous view will not be overridden. |
| 1166 |
+ |
Instead, give it a new name (or no name, which will show up as |
| 1167 |
+ |
a number later), then use the Views screen to override the previous |
| 1168 |
+ |
view definition with the new one. |
| 1169 |
+ |
(See the "View" topic in the current |
| 1170 |
+ |
help category, the "Change" topic under "Views" and the rvu(1) |
| 1171 |
+ |
manual page for more information.) |
| 1172 |
+ |
|
| 1173 |
|
If the octree is out-of-date, it will be rebuilt before rendering |
| 1174 |
|
begins. |
| 1175 |
|
|
| 1176 |
|
.Action.View |
| 1177 |
|
|
| 1178 |
|
The Action screen contains two menus for selecting views. |
| 1179 |
< |
The top menu, next to the "rview" button, sets the view to start |
| 1180 |
< |
with in rview, and is selected from the current view list. |
| 1179 |
> |
The top menu, next to the "rvu" button, sets the view to start |
| 1180 |
> |
with in rvu, and is selected from the current view list. |
| 1181 |
|
The second view menu, next to the "Start" button for batch |
| 1182 |
|
rendering, selects the view or views to render in batch mode. |
| 1183 |
|
If the special entry "ALL" is selected, then every view in the |
| 1184 |
|
current list will be rendered if it hasn't been already. |
| 1185 |
|
|
| 1186 |
+ |
The view menu next to the "rvu" button will be disabled if there |
| 1187 |
+ |
is only one view to choose from. |
| 1188 |
+ |
The view menu next to the "Start" button will be disabled if there |
| 1189 |
+ |
is a batch job in progress, and thus the view cannot be changed. |
| 1190 |
+ |
|
| 1191 |
|
The batch rendering view menu also selects the view or views |
| 1192 |
|
to use in producing a script during a dry run. |
| 1193 |
|
|
| 1194 |
+ |
.Action.Processes |
| 1195 |
+ |
|
| 1196 |
+ |
The "Number of processes" slider controls how many independent |
| 1197 |
+ |
processes are initiated by the "rvu" and "Start" buttons above |
| 1198 |
+ |
and below. |
| 1199 |
+ |
This should be set no greater than the number of virtual cores |
| 1200 |
+ |
on your system. |
| 1201 |
+ |
|
| 1202 |
+ |
For interactive rendering, the "new" command within rvu may |
| 1203 |
+ |
be used to change the number of processes running. |
| 1204 |
+ |
|
| 1205 |
+ |
For rendering in the background, the number of processes will |
| 1206 |
+ |
never be greater than the number of views if all views are |
| 1207 |
+ |
being rendered. |
| 1208 |
+ |
If only a single view is selected for rendering, rad |
| 1209 |
+ |
will call rpiece to render it in tiles using the given |
| 1210 |
+ |
number of processes. |
| 1211 |
+ |
|
| 1212 |
|
.Action.Start |
| 1213 |
|
|
| 1214 |
|
The "Start" button for batch rendering on the Action screen |
| 1226 |
|
the error file periodically. |
| 1227 |
|
(This file is named by the root of the rad input file followed by |
| 1228 |
|
".err".) |
| 1229 |
< |
When a batch process is started or already running, this button |
| 1230 |
< |
will be disabled. |
| 1229 |
> |
When a batch process is started or already running, or when a |
| 1230 |
> |
process is on another host and its status is unknown, |
| 1231 |
> |
this button will be disabled. |
| 1232 |
|
|
| 1233 |
|
The background process can be killed during this or later |
| 1234 |
|
invocations of trad using the "Kill" button. |
| 1235 |
+ |
If the process was started on another machine and the status is unknown, |
| 1236 |
+ |
it will be necessary to run trad from the other host or remove the error |
| 1237 |
+ |
file manually before starting a background process on this machine. |
| 1238 |
+ |
This is to protect you from the great confusion that results when two |
| 1239 |
+ |
machines are working from the same project file. |
| 1240 |
|
|
| 1241 |
|
.Action.Kill |
| 1242 |
|
|
| 1251 |
|
rendering, though some new startup costs will be incurred. |
| 1252 |
|
|
| 1253 |
|
The "Kill" button is disabled if no running batch process is |
| 1254 |
< |
detected. |
| 1254 |
> |
detected on the current host machine. |
| 1255 |
|
|
| 1256 |
|
.Action.CheckErr |
| 1257 |
|
|
| 1357 |
|
|
| 1358 |
|
The "Delete" button on the Results screen is used to remove the |
| 1359 |
|
selected picture files from the filesystem. |
| 1360 |
+ |
Associated raw picture and z-buffer files |
| 1361 |
+ |
will also be deleted if they exist. |
| 1362 |
|
Verification is required before any action is taken. |
| 1363 |
|
|
| 1364 |
|
.Results.Display |
| 1446 |
|
The print command window on the Results screen contains the system |
| 1447 |
|
command to use in printing out finished Radiance pictures. |
| 1448 |
|
The "%s" format field, which must appear somewhere in the command, |
| 1449 |
< |
is replaced by the selected Radiance picture file name(s). |
| 1449 |
> |
is replaced by the selected Radiance picture file name. |
| 1450 |
> |
This command is executed multiple times if multiple files are |
| 1451 |
> |
selected. |
| 1452 |
|
|
| 1453 |
|
The default command is "ra_ps %s | lpr", which converts the Radiance |
| 1454 |
|
picture to a black and white PostScript file and sends it to the lpr |
| 1455 |
|
print spooler. |
| 1456 |
+ |
Add a "-c" option to "ra_ps" if the printer supports color. |
| 1457 |
|
If your printer does not understand PostScript, or your system does |
| 1458 |
|
not support lpr, this command must obviously be changed. |
