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$Id$ |
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trad.hlp 2.18 10/20/98 |
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This help file is associated with the trad interface to the Radiance |
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rad(1) program. Trad consists of trad.wsh and one do_*.tcl file for |
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each screen. There are currently seven such screens: Action, File, |
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Options, Results, Scene, Views and Zone. |
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each screen. There are currently seven such screens: File, Scene, |
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Zone, Views, Options, Action and Results. |
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|
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.Trad.Intro |
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|
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curiosity in the main trad window. |
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(In general, only active windows are given help file links -- click |
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on these rather than the text labels.) |
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Additional search capabilities are available over all topics using |
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the "Grep" button. |
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|
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For help on the help facility itself, Control-click on the problem |
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help widget or on the window title in the upper right corner for |
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(To get back to trad-specific help, press the "HELP" button in the |
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main trad window or Control-click on a trad widget.) |
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|
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Once the help window has been displayed, it is usually best to |
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lower or iconify it rather than dismissing it if further help is |
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needed. |
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This way, you will not have to wait for the help file to be read in |
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all over again every time you have a question. |
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|
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.Trad.Messages |
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|
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Informative messages, commands executed by rad, and errors |
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size of the space. |
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|
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The Zone entry windows may be manipulated in the following ways. |
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Control-U clears the current window. |
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Control-V pastes the contents of the current selection at the |
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insertion point. |
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Return moves the focus to the next window in the chain. |
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|
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The "Auto" button may be used to set these values based on the bounding |
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box of one or more Radiance scene files. |
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|
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.Zone.Auto |
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|
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Use this button to automatically determine the bounding box for this |
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zone, based on the output of the "getbbox" command run on one or |
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more Radiance scene files. |
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The appropriate scene files are entered via a file |
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selection dialogue box, which comes up after the button is pressed. |
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|
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The reason for selecting specific files rather than running getbbox |
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on the entire scene is that a zone usually does not include large |
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external objects, which may be present in the complete scene |
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description. |
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|
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.Zone.Detail |
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|
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The "Detail" setting indicates the relative level |
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|
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There are two basic ways to compute the exposure value. |
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The first is by trial and error, where the value is adjusted up and |
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down within rview using the "e = value" command. |
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down within rvu using the "e = value" command. |
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Though it sounds flaky, this is the most reliable way to set the |
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exposure (and ambient level) in general lighting situations. |
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|
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(Divide total lumens by 179 lumens/watt to get watts.) |
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|
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The exposure value may either be given as a positive real value, or |
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as a real value preceeded by a '+' or '-' indicating a positive or |
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as a real value preceded by a '+' or '-' indicating a positive or |
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negative number of f-stops (powers of two) from the original value. |
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|
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If no exposure is given, pfilt will automatically compute the |
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To remove an unwanted view, select it and press the "Delete" button. |
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To undo this action, simply press the "Add" button again. |
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|
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The first view in the list is the default given to rview during |
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The first view in the list is the default given to rvu during |
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interactive rendering, and is the first view rendered in a batch run. |
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To change the default view, select the newly desired view and press |
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the "Set Default" button. |
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added to the picture file name along with the standard ".pic" suffix. |
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|
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The standard views are specified by strings of the form |
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"[Xx]?[Yy]?[Zz]?[vlah]?". |
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"[Xx]?[Yy]?[Zz]?[vlahc]?". |
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(That is, an optional upper or lower case X followed by an optional |
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upper or lower case Y followed by an optional upper or lower case Z |
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followed by an optional lower case V, L, A or H.) |
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followed by an optional lower case V, L, A, H or C.) |
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The letters indicate the desired view position, where upper case "X" |
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means maximum X, lower case "y" means minimum Y and so on. |
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The final letter is the view type, where 'v' is perspective (the |
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default), 'l' is parallel, 'a' is angular fisheye, and 'h' is |
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hemispherical fisheye. |
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default), 'l' is parallel, 'a' is angular fisheye, 'h' is |
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hemispherical fisheye and 'c' is for cylindrical panorama. |
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A perspective view from maximum X, minimum Y would be "Xy" or |
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"Xyv". |
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A parallel view from maximum Z would be "Zl". |
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define a view. |
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|
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The simplest view specification is of the form "-vf viewfile", where |
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"viewfile" is a file created with the rview "view" command, or a |
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"viewfile" is a file created with the rvu "view" command, or a |
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Radiance picture. |
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This method of naming views, although convenient, is not the best |
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since it is difficult to know exactly where such a view is by |
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Consult the rpict(1) manual page for a full description of the various |
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view options, all of which begin with "-v". |
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Just briefly, the "-vt?" option sets the view type, where "?" is |
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replaced by one of the letters "v, l, a or h", corresponding to |
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perspective, parallel, angular and hemispherical fisheye, respectively. |
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replaced by one of the letters "v, l, a, h or c", corresponding to |
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perspective, parallel, angular fisheye, hemispherical fisheye |
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and cylindrical panorama, respectively. |
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The "-vp x y z" option sets the view position (eyepoint), where "x y z" |
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is replaced by the position in 3-space. |
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The "-vd xd yd zd" option sets the view direction, where "xd yd zd" |
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for the convenience of entering a new view. |
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It has no effect on the rad input variables. |
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|
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Note that Control-U will always clear an entry box whose cursor is |
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active. |
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|
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.Views.Default |
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|
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The "Set Default" button may be used to make the selected view the |
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default view for rendering. |
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This simply moves the view to the top of the list in the rad input file. |
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The default view will be the one normally rendered by rview when rad |
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The default view will be the one normally rendered by rvu when rad |
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is started interactively, and is the first view rendered in a batch |
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process. |
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|
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the positive Y axis (+Y), the positive Z axis (+Z), the negative |
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X axis (-X), the negative Y axis (-Y), or the negative Z axis (-Z). |
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|
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This setting may always be overriden by the "-vu xd yd zd" option, |
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This setting may always be overridden by the "-vu xd yd zd" option, |
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and will be altered for a particular view if it happens to be |
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parallel to the view direction. |
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|
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.Views.Eyesep |
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|
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The eye separation is used for generating stereo views of |
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the scene. |
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It is the measured distance between a viewer's pupils in world |
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coordinate units. |
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It is not used directly by rad, but should be set for other programs |
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that need it, such as rholo and glrad. |
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|
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.Views.Picture |
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|
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The root picture file name is given in the "Picture" entry window. |
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|
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The default value for this variable is "512". |
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|
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.Views.Rawfile |
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|
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The "Rawfile" entry window determines if and where the raw output picture |
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from rpict will be saved. |
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If the entry is empty, the file will be removed after rendering and |
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filtering. |
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This is the normal action, since the raw file |
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takes up disk space and is not generally useful. |
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However, if you wish to perform some special filtering function, |
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this file can be renamed instead of removed by giving a |
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root file name in this entry window. |
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The final name in this case will be the given root plus and |
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underscore plus the view name followed by a ".pic" suffix. |
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|
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In the special case when the raw file name and picture file name are |
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the same, the raw file is saved and no filtering takes place. |
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|
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.Views.Zfile |
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|
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The "Zfile" entry window gives the root name of the file in which to |
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store the raw (binary floating point) distances to pixels in the |
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original generated image. |
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If this entry is empty, then no z-file will be saved. |
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|
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The final z-file name will be the given root plus an underscore plus |
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the view name plus a ".zbf" suffix. |
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|
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To convert this image to human-readable form, the program "od" will |
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work on some systems, or the Radiance "pvalue" program may be used |
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to first convert it to a greyscale Radiance picture using the |
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options "-r -h -b -df `getinfo -d < pictname`" where "pictname" is |
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replaced by the raw picture file name. |
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(Getinfo simply gets the original image dimensions, which are not |
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stored in the z-file.) |
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|
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.Views.Copy |
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|
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The "Copy" button in the Views screen permits those variables |
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minutes) between progress reports. |
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|
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Other windows allow the user to customize the options to oconv(1), |
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mkillum(1), rview(1) and rpict(1), and pfilt(1). |
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mkillum(1), rvu(1) and rpict(1), and pfilt(1). |
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|
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.Options.Quality |
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|
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|
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The "Optfile" setting assigns a file to hold rendering options, |
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which may be a convenience when these options are reused for |
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rtrace(1) or rpiece(1), or manual invocations of rview or rpict. |
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rtrace(1) or rpiece(1), or manual invocations of rvu or rpict. |
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Using an options file also reduces the size of the command line, |
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making it a little easier on the eye. |
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|
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Normally, progress reports and errors during batch renderings |
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are sent to the error file given by the root of the rad input |
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file name followed by the ".err" suffix. |
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(See the "Errors" topic under the "Action" screen category.) |
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(See the "CheckErr" topic under the "Action" screen category.) |
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If you wish these reports and errors to be directed to a different |
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file, follow the time interval by a space and a file name. |
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|
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.Options.Render |
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|
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The "render opts" window is used to specify additional options to |
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the rview(1) and rpict(1) rendering programs. |
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the rvu(1) and rpict(1) rendering programs. |
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Most of the important parameters are computed by rad, so this |
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window is usually used to override specific parameters or to give |
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additional information, such as which materials to exclude from the |
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run, usually via rad(1). |
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The top row of buttons is used to update the octree following a |
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change to one or more input files. |
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The "rview" button starts an interactive rendering in the |
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The "rvu" button starts an interactive rendering in the |
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foreground. |
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The next set of buttons provides for the control of a batch |
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rendering process, taking place in the background. |
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(This will still cause the ambient file to be removed, |
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unfortunately.) |
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|
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.Action.Rview |
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.Action.Rvu |
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|
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The "rview" button on the Action screen starts an interactive |
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The "rvu" button on the Action screen starts an interactive |
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rendering for the selected view, indicated by the menu button |
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just to the right. |
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Other views may be accessed within rview using the "L name" |
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Other views may be accessed within rvu using the "L name" |
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command, and new views can be added with the "V name" |
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command. |
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(See the rview(1) man page and the "View" topic in the current |
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help category for more information.) |
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|
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When using the "V" command to change an existing view, do not |
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give it an existing name because the previous view will not be overridden. |
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Instead, give it a new name (or no name, which will show up as |
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a number later), then use the Views screen to override the previous |
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view definition with the new one. |
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(See the "View" topic in the current |
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help category, the "Change" topic under "Views" and the rvu(1) |
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manual page for more information.) |
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|
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If the octree is out-of-date, it will be rebuilt before rendering |
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begins. |
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|
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.Action.View |
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|
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The Action screen contains two menus for selecting views. |
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The top menu, next to the "rview" button, sets the view to start |
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with in rview, and is selected from the current view list. |
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The top menu, next to the "rvu" button, sets the view to start |
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> |
with in rvu, and is selected from the current view list. |
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The second view menu, next to the "Start" button for batch |
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rendering, selects the view or views to render in batch mode. |
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If the special entry "ALL" is selected, then every view in the |
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current list will be rendered if it hasn't been already. |
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|
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The view menu next to the "rvu" button will be disabled if there |
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is only one view to choose from. |
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The view menu next to the "Start" button will be disabled if there |
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is a batch job in progress, and thus the view cannot be changed. |
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|
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The batch rendering view menu also selects the view or views |
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to use in producing a script during a dry run. |
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|
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.Action.Processes |
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|
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The "Number of processes" slider controls how many independent |
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processes are initiated by the "rvu" and "Start" buttons above |
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and below. |
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This should be set no greater than the number of virtual cores |
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on your system. |
| 1153 |
+ |
|
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For interactive rendering, the "new" command within rvu may |
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be used to change the number of processes running. |
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|
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For rendering in the background, the number of processes will |
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never be greater than the number of views if all views are |
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bing rendered. |
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If only a single view is selected for batch rendering, rad |
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will call rpiece to render it in sections using the selected |
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number of processes. |
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+ |
|
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.Action.Start |
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|
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The "Start" button for batch rendering on the Action screen |
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the error file periodically. |
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(This file is named by the root of the rad input file followed by |
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".err".) |
| 1181 |
< |
When a batch process is started or already running, this button |
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< |
will be disabled. |
| 1181 |
> |
When a batch process is started or already running, or when a |
| 1182 |
> |
process is on another host and its status is unknown, |
| 1183 |
> |
this button will be disabled. |
| 1184 |
|
|
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|
The background process can be killed during this or later |
| 1186 |
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invocations of trad using the "Kill" button. |
| 1187 |
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If the process was started on another machine and the status is unknown, |
| 1188 |
+ |
it will be necessary to run trad from the other host or remove the error |
| 1189 |
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file manually before starting a background process on this machine. |
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This is to protect you from the great confusion that results when two |
| 1191 |
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machines are working from the same project file. |
| 1192 |
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|
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.Action.Kill |
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|
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rendering, though some new startup costs will be incurred. |
| 1204 |
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|
| 1205 |
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The "Kill" button is disabled if no running batch process is |
| 1206 |
< |
detected. |
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> |
detected on the current host machine. |
| 1207 |
|
|
| 1208 |
|
.Action.CheckErr |
| 1209 |
|
|
| 1309 |
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|
| 1310 |
|
The "Delete" button on the Results screen is used to remove the |
| 1311 |
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selected picture files from the filesystem. |
| 1312 |
+ |
Associated raw picture and z-buffer files |
| 1313 |
+ |
will also be deleted if they exist. |
| 1314 |
|
Verification is required before any action is taken. |
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|
| 1316 |
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.Results.Display |
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The print command window on the Results screen contains the system |
| 1399 |
|
command to use in printing out finished Radiance pictures. |
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The "%s" format field, which must appear somewhere in the command, |
| 1401 |
< |
is replaced by the selected Radiance picture file name(s). |
| 1401 |
> |
is replaced by the selected Radiance picture file name. |
| 1402 |
> |
This command is executed multiple times if multiple files are |
| 1403 |
> |
selected. |
| 1404 |
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|
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|
The default command is "ra_ps %s | lpr", which converts the Radiance |
| 1406 |
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picture to a black and white PostScript file and sends it to the lpr |
| 1407 |
|
print spooler. |
| 1408 |
+ |
Add a "-c" option to "ra_ps" if the printer supports color. |
| 1409 |
|
If your printer does not understand PostScript, or your system does |
| 1410 |
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not support lpr, this command must obviously be changed. |
