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This help file is associated with the trad interface to the Radiance |
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rad(1) program. Trad consists of trad.wsh and one do_*.tcl file for |
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each screen. There are currently seven such screens: Action, File, |
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Options, Results, Scene, Views and Zone. |
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.Trad.Intro |
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Trad is a graphical user interface (GUI) to the |
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rad(1) program, which controls the operation of the basic |
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Radiance scene compiling, rendering and picture filtering programs. |
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Trad also includes links to a few utilities for displaying and |
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converting results, but most of what it does can be done by editing a |
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small text file, called the "rad input file". |
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Scene creation still requires the use of a text or graphical editor, |
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or translation from some external CAD format. |
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Trad interaction is broken into seven screens. |
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Each screen is accessed by pressing its associated radio |
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button along the right-hand side of the main window. |
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If trad is started with no file name, the File screen is displayed, |
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and you must pick a valid rad input file before any other screen may |
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be accessed. |
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If a name is given for a file that doesn't exist, trad goes to the |
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Scene screen and prompts you to enter the names of one or more |
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Radiance scene description files. |
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If a rad input file exists already, trad determines if there are |
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renderings still to be done or if everything is finished. |
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If there is still work to be done, trad opens first with the Action |
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screen. |
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If all renderings are complete and up-to-date, trad opens right to |
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Results screen. |
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For additional guidance on Radiance in general, consult the Radiance |
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Tutorial, Reference Manual, and man pages. |
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In particular, it is a good idea to read through the rad(1) man page |
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before using this interface. |
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To find out how to get more help, press the "Next" button to the |
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right. |
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.Trad.Help |
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If you have specific questions about trad, search through the |
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category and topic menus on this help window, or press and release |
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the left mouse button while holding the control key over the object of |
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curiosity in the main trad window. |
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(In general, only active windows are given help file links -- click |
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on these rather than the text labels.) |
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For help on the help facility itself, Control-click on the problem |
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help widget or on the window title in the upper right corner for |
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more general information. |
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(To get back to trad-specific help, press the "HELP" button in the |
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main trad window or Control-click on a trad widget.) |
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Once the help window has been displayed, it is usually best to |
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lower or iconify it rather than dismissing it if further help is |
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needed. |
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This way, you will not have to wait for the help file to be read in |
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all over again every time you have a question. |
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.Trad.Messages |
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Informative messages, commands executed by rad, and errors |
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appear in the message window at the bottom of the trad frame. |
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Growing the trad window means growing this message window, and |
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not much else. |
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This is not really necessary, since the window will be grown |
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automatically if the message requires it. |
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Serious errors will be accompanied by the sounding of the bell. |
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.Trad.Quit |
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To quit the trad application, press the "Quit" button at any time. |
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If you have made changes to the rad input variables, you will be |
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asked prior to program exit if you want to save your changes first. |
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Any batch process running in the background will continue to run, |
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and the associated error messages will be viewable by |
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trad later when you open the same rad input file. |
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.File.Intro |
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This button selects the trad File screen, which allows rad input |
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files to be loaded and saved, and new files to be created. |
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.File.Load |
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This button loads the selected file into trad. |
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If the current file has been changed and these changes have not been |
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saved, you will be given first the opportunity to save your changes. |
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The actual load operation may take several seconds or even minutes, |
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depending on the status of the rendering process. |
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This is because the rad program itself is used to interpret the |
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input file, and if there is no up-to-date octree associated with the |
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file, it is necessary to run getbbox on the entire scene |
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before the variable values can be set. |
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It is possible to eliminate this delay in future loads by going to |
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the Action screen and running oconv. |
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If the opened file has read-only mode set (see chmod(1)), then the |
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"Read Only" check box will be lit. |
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Unchecking this box means that it will be possible to save the file |
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later, though the actual mode on the file will not be changed until |
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it is saved. |
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Loading a writable file always clears the "Read Only" check box. |
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If an error is encountered while trying to load the file, a message |
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will be printed in the box at the bottom and it will be necessary to |
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load another file. |
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(I.e. any previous information will be lost.) |
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.File.Save |
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The "Save" button in the File screen saves any changes to the |
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current file. |
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This information is saved in the original file by default, but may |
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be saved in another file by entering a new name in the "File" field. |
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If this new file already exists, a dialogue box will ask if you really |
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want to overwrite it. |
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If the file name is different than the original |
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one loaded, the "Read Only" check box will be ignored. |
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.File.New |
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The "New" button clears all rad variables in preparation for |
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writing a new rad input file. |
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If the file selected already exists, a warning box will ask if you |
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really want to ignore the previous file contents. |
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If you agree, then no warning will be given when the file is later |
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overwritten. |
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.File.ReadOnly |
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The "Read Only" check box permits you to indicate that the opened |
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file should not be overwritten. |
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This box will be checked automatically if the permissions on the |
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edited file do not allow writing by the user. |
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If the box is subsequently unchecked, trad will attempt to change |
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permissions and write to the file when a save is requested. |
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If this fails, an error message will indicate the problem. |
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.Scene.Intro |
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This button selects the trad Scene screen. |
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On this screen, you may enter the octree file and the scene files |
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that go into it, as well as any mkillum or other files on which the |
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scene depends. |
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These files are generally produced by hand in a text editor or by |
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conversion from an external CAD format, such as DXF. |
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(See the Radiance Reference Manual and Radiance Tutorial for details on the |
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information contained in these files.) |
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To enter a file of a particular type, press the corresponding button |
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to get a dialogue box that allows you to pick existing files from any |
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directory. |
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Use the "Discard" button to remove one or more files from a specific |
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list. |
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The actual file is untouched. |
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.Scene.Octree |
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The "Octree" entry in the Scene screen names the octree file to be |
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compiled by oconv from the materials and scene files. |
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(See the oconv(1) man page for more details.) |
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If make(1) is being used to build the octree, you should leave all |
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other windows on this screen empty. |
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The octree can still be rebuilt from trad by pressing the "oconv" |
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or "Force" buttons on the Action screen, but normally it is |
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expected to be current. |
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In particular, an unsupported octree must exist before loading |
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a rad input file on which it depends. |
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The default octree name is the root name from the render input file |
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plus ".oct". |
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If mkillum is being used (i.e. one or more illum files is given), |
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then two additional octrees will be created, named the same except |
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for an additional "0" or "1" immediately before the file suffix |
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(normally ".oct"). |
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To delete the named octree, and therefore force the scene to be |
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recompiled and all the pictures to be rerendered, use the "Delete" |
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button next to the octree window. |
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.Scene.OctDelete |
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The "Delete" button next to the octree window removes the named |
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octree from the filesystem, forcing the scene to be later recompiled |
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and all the pictures to be rerendered (if desired). |
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This is appropriate if you add or remove materials, scene or illum |
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files from one or more lists, or make some change to a materials file |
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that requires the octree to be rebuilt (such as adding or removing |
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individual materials). |
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Verification is required before the octree will be deleted. |
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You can achieve the same effect as manually removing the octree by |
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pressing the "Force" button on the scene compilation section |
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of the Action screen. |
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(See the "Force" topic under the "Action" help category for more |
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information.) |
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.Scene.Materials |
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Materials files generally contain Radiance material descriptions |
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only, not geometry. |
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The purpose of listing them separately is so that minor changes to |
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material parameters will not force the octree to be rebuilt, |
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incurring an additional delay that is unnecessary. |
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The "Materials" button is used to add materials files to the list. |
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A dialogue box appears when you press this button and allows you to |
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select files to be included. |
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Each new selection is added to the end of the materials list. |
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The default matching pattern for material files is "*.mat". |
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This may of course be reassigned within the file selection window. |
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The list box showing the current materials may be edited in three |
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ways besides the dialogue for adding files. |
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First, entries may be removed from the list |
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using the "Discard" button. |
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Second, entries may be moved within the box by selecting them with |
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the left mouse button and clicking the middle mouse button over the |
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entry you wish to place the selected items above. |
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If you wish to put the selected items at the very end of the list, |
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click the middle mouse button below the last entry. |
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Third, entries may be moved from other windows by |
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selecting them and pressing the middle button. |
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This works for the list boxes on this screen as well as selections |
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in other windows on the display. |
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The order of materials files is usually unimportant, but sometimes |
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there are definitions in later files that depend on prerequisites in |
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earlier files. |
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An example of this is a window illum source that depends on a sky |
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description file, which must appear before it. |
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The order of files shown in the list is the order they will be given |
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to oconv and therefore to the rendering programs. |
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.Scene.Illum |
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Illum files are Radiance scene descriptions that contain surfaces |
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to be converted into illum sources by mkillum(1). |
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Please consult the manual page for mkillum and understand the |
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Radiance Tutorial before using this box, since these files differ slightly |
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from standard Radiance scene descriptions. |
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The "Illum" button is used to add illum files to the list. |
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A dialogue box appears when you press this button and allows you to |
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select files to be included. |
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Each new selection is added to the end of the illum list. |
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The default matching pattern for material files is "*.rad". |
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This may of course be reassigned within the file selection window. |
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The list box showing the current illum files may be edited in three |
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ways besides the dialogue for adding files. |
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First, entries may be removed from the list |
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using the "Discard" button. |
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Second, entries may be moved within the box by selecting them with |
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the left mouse button and clicking the middle mouse button over the |
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entry you wish to place the selected items above. |
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If you wish to put the selected items at the very end of the list, |
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click the middle mouse button below the last entry. |
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Third, entries may be moved from other windows by |
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selecting them and pressing the middle button. |
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This works for the list boxes on this screen as well as selections |
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in other windows on the display. |
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.Scene.Scene |
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Scene files give the geometry and (perhaps) some of the materials |
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used in a particular Radiance model. |
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These files are given to oconv(1) in the order specified. |
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The ordering of files is usually not important, unless some later |
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files use materials or other modifiers defined in earlier files. |
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The "Scene" button is used to add scene files to the list. |
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A dialogue box appears when you press this button and allows you to |
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select files to be included. |
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Each new selection is added to the end of the scene list. |
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The default matching pattern for material files is "*.rad". |
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This may of course be reassigned within the file selection window. |
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The list box showing the current scene files may be edited in three |
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ways besides the dialogue for adding files. |
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First, entries may be removed from the list |
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using the "Discard" button. |
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Second, entries may be moved within the box by selecting them with |
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the left mouse button and clicking the middle mouse button over the |
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entry you wish to place the selected items above. |
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If you wish to put the selected items at the very end of the list, |
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click the middle mouse button below the last entry. |
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Third, entries may be moved from other windows by |
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selecting them and pressing the middle button. |
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This works for the list boxes on this screen as well as selections |
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in other windows on the display. |
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.Scene.Objects |
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Object files are files on which the given octree depends, but which |
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are not included directly on the oconv command line. |
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If any of these files is modified, then it is assumed that the |
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octree must be rebuilt. |
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To automatically determine which files in the working directory |
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affect the octree, press the "Auto" button just below the "Objects" |
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button. |
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Note that this will only add files to the object list. |
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If you wish to completely replace what is already there, you must |
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therefore select all the files and use the "Discard" button before |
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pressing "Auto". |
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.Scene.Discard |
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The "Discard" button removes the selected file names from a list. |
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The actual files are untouched, of course. |
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(Some care should be taken here, since there is no undo |
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function associated with this window other than reloading the |
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original information with the "Revert" button.) |
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.Scene.Edit |
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Use the "Edit" button to open a text editor on the selected file(s). |
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This is a convenient way to look at and change the contents of the |
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Radiance input files. |
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.Scene.Copy |
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The "Copy" button may be used to selectively copy the scene file |
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information from another rad input file. |
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Specifically, the variables "OCTREE, materials, illum, scene and |
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objects" will be read in to replace the current values. |
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All other variables will be unaffected. |
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.Scene.Revert |
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The "Revert" button is a convenient way to revert to the original |
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values in the rad input file. |
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Only the variables on the Scene screen will be affected, but any changes |
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to these variables since the last save will be lost. |
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.Zone.Intro |
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This button selects the trad Zone screen. |
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On this screen, the user should enter the maximum and minimum |
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coordinates of the zone of interest for this set of renderings. |
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This zone need not correspond exactly to any interior or exterior |
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walls, as it is used primarily to set rendering parameters and |
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standard viewpoints. |
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An interior zone means that standard viewpoints will be selected |
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from the inside of this box. |
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An exterior zone means that standard viewpoints will be selected |
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from the outside of this box. |
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The default zone is an exterior one computed from the bounding box |
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of the entire scene. |
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(Note that this is not usually desirable.) |
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In addition to the ZONE variable, this screen offers the ability |
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to set four other rad variables that are generally associated with a |
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particular scene and a particular zone. |
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These are the rad DETAIL, INDIRECT, VARIABILITY and EXPOSURE |
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variables. |
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For more information on these topics, use the Topic menu or consult |
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the rad manual page. |
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.Zone.Type |
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There are two types of zones understood by rad, "Interior" and |
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"Exterior". |
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An interior zone is indicated when renderings generally take place |
379 |
|
|
inside a specified 3-d box. |
380 |
|
|
A typical example might be a single room or auditorium. |
381 |
|
|
An exterior zone is indicated when renderings generally take place |
382 |
|
|
outside a specified 3-d box, which is the focus of attention. |
383 |
|
|
A typical example might be a building exterior or a single object, |
384 |
|
|
such as a chair. |
385 |
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
.Zone.Zone |
387 |
|
|
|
388 |
|
|
A zone is specified by six real numbers, corresponding to the world |
389 |
|
|
coordinates of the box's corners. |
390 |
|
|
Zone boxes are always axis-aligned, therefore one need only specify |
391 |
|
|
the minimum and maximum X, Y, and Z coordinates. |
392 |
|
|
|
393 |
|
|
The exact values of these coordinates is not terribly important, as |
394 |
|
|
they are only used to guide the setting of certain rendering |
395 |
|
|
parameters and standard view positions. |
396 |
|
|
It does not matter for instance whether the values lie on the inside |
397 |
|
|
or the outside of walls, or if there are non-rectilinear geometries |
398 |
|
|
defining the space perimeter. |
399 |
|
|
In fact, the whole space may not even be aligned with the X, Y, and Z |
400 |
|
|
axes, and a very approximate box may be given. |
401 |
|
|
In this case, the standard views may not be very intelligent or |
402 |
|
|
useful, but the rendering parameters will still be satisfactory so |
403 |
|
|
long as the overall size of the given box is close to the overall |
404 |
|
|
size of the space. |
405 |
|
|
|
406 |
|
|
The Zone entry windows may be manipulated in the following ways. |
407 |
|
|
Control-U clears the current window. |
408 |
|
|
Control-V pastes the contents of the current selection at the |
409 |
|
|
insertion point. |
410 |
|
|
Return moves the focus to the next window in the chain. |
411 |
|
|
|
412 |
|
|
.Zone.Detail |
413 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
The "Detail" setting indicates the relative level |
415 |
|
|
of geometric detail in this zone. |
416 |
|
|
If the zone is empty except for a few large pieces of furniture, a |
417 |
|
|
"Low" setting is indicated. |
418 |
|
|
(For an exterior zone, low detail would mean that the object is |
419 |
|
|
relatively simple.) |
420 |
|
|
If the zone contains a usual amount of furniture and clutter, a |
421 |
|
|
"Medium" setting is appropriate. |
422 |
|
|
If the zone contains a great many small objects or protrusions, a |
423 |
|
|
setting of "High" is indicated. |
424 |
|
|
|
425 |
|
|
This variable is used by rad to set rendering parameters that are |
426 |
|
|
affected by the sizes of objects relative to the overall size of the |
427 |
|
|
space. |
428 |
|
|
|
429 |
|
|
.Zone.Indirect |
430 |
|
|
|
431 |
|
|
The "Indirect" setting indicates how important indirect illumination |
432 |
|
|
is in this space. |
433 |
|
|
A setting of "0" means that most light falls directly on visible |
434 |
|
|
surfaces, and this setting can be used in most cases. |
435 |
|
|
A setting of "1" means that most objects are not directly |
436 |
|
|
illuminated by light sources, but receive light only after it has |
437 |
|
|
bounced once off some other surface, such as the ceiling. |
438 |
|
|
Likewise, a setting of "2" means that light must reflect twice off |
439 |
|
|
other surfaces before reaching most objects of interest. |
440 |
|
|
|
441 |
|
|
Keep in mind that the rendering calculation increases substantially |
442 |
|
|
with each increment to this variable, so it is a good idea to use |
443 |
|
|
the smallest reasonable value. |
444 |
|
|
|
445 |
|
|
.Zone.Variability |
446 |
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
The "Variability" setting gives a qualitative indication of how |
448 |
|
|
light varies in magnitude over surfaces in this zone. |
449 |
|
|
In a typical direct or indirect lighting situation, this variable |
450 |
|
|
would be set to "Low", indicating that light is fairly uniform |
451 |
|
|
throughout the space. |
452 |
|
|
If there are some areas that are much better lit than others, such |
453 |
|
|
as desks with powerful tasks lights in a room with dimmer ambient |
454 |
|
|
lighting, a "Medium" setting is appropriate. |
455 |
|
|
If there is direct sunlight entering the room, casting bright |
456 |
|
|
patches on some surfaces and not others, then a setting of "High" is |
457 |
|
|
indicated. |
458 |
|
|
|
459 |
|
|
Note that this variable speaks to the magnitude of light variations |
460 |
|
|
more than the patterns of light. |
461 |
|
|
It may well be that the light is casting interesting patterns such |
462 |
|
|
as scallops on the walls or something, but as long as the variations |
463 |
|
|
in brightness are less than an order of magnitude or so, it is a low |
464 |
|
|
variability situation. |
465 |
|
|
The high variability |
466 |
|
|
example given above of direct sun entering a space corresponds to a |
467 |
|
|
a variation in brightness of about three orders of magnitude, or |
468 |
|
|
1,000 to 1! |
469 |
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
.Zone.Exposure |
471 |
|
|
|
472 |
|
|
The "Exposure" setting gives the multiplier between the initial |
473 |
|
|
radiance values at each pixel (in watts/steradian/meter^2) to the |
474 |
|
|
display pixel values (in the range of 0-1, where 0 is black and 1 is |
475 |
|
|
the maximum monitor output). |
476 |
|
|
This setting also determines the average "ambient level," which is |
477 |
|
|
an important parameter for rendering accuracy. |
478 |
|
|
|
479 |
|
|
There are two basic ways to compute the exposure value. |
480 |
|
|
The first is by trial and error, where the value is adjusted up and |
481 |
|
|
down within rview using the "e = value" command. |
482 |
|
|
Though it sounds flaky, this is the most reliable way to set the |
483 |
|
|
exposure (and ambient level) in general lighting situations. |
484 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
The second method is using a zonal cavity approximation. |
486 |
|
|
For this, you must estimate the total light flux entering the zone |
487 |
|
|
from light sources and windows, and the total illuminated area. |
488 |
|
|
(This applies to interior zones, only. For exterior zones, use the |
489 |
|
|
value suggested by gensky in its output.) |
490 |
|
|
In addition, you must approximate the area-weighted average |
491 |
|
|
reflectance of the illuminated surfaces. |
492 |
|
|
The formula then for the exposure multiplier using this information |
493 |
|
|
is: pi*tot_area*(1-avg_refl)/(2*tot_flux*avg_refl) |
494 |
|
|
where pi is 3.1416, tot_area is given in square meters and |
495 |
|
|
tot_flux is given in watts. |
496 |
|
|
(Divide total lumens by 179 lumens/watt to get watts.) |
497 |
|
|
|
498 |
|
|
The exposure value may either be given as a positive real value, or |
499 |
|
|
as a real value preceeded by a '+' or '-' indicating a positive or |
500 |
|
|
negative number of f-stops (powers of two) from the original value. |
501 |
|
|
|
502 |
|
|
If no exposure is given, pfilt will automatically compute the |
503 |
|
|
average for each image, and a default ambient level of 10 will be |
504 |
|
|
used for exterior zones and 0.01 for interior zones. |
505 |
|
|
|
506 |
|
|
.Zone.Copy |
507 |
|
|
|
508 |
|
|
The "Copy" button on the Zone screen takes all values for this |
509 |
|
|
screen from another rad input file, replacing the current values. |
510 |
|
|
Specifically, the rad variables "ZONE, DETAIL, INDIRECT, |
511 |
|
|
VARIABILITY and EXPOSURE" will be copied from the named file. |
512 |
|
|
|
513 |
|
|
All other variables will be left untouched. |
514 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
.Zone.Revert |
516 |
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
The "Revert" button is a convenient way to revert to the original |
518 |
|
|
values in the rad input file. |
519 |
|
|
Only the variables on the Zone screen will be affected, but any changes |
520 |
|
|
to these variables since the last save will be lost. |
521 |
|
|
|
522 |
|
|
.Views.Intro |
523 |
|
|
|
524 |
|
|
This button selects the trad Views screen. |
525 |
|
|
This screen provides a means of setting the multi-valued |
526 |
|
|
"view" variable. |
527 |
|
|
Each view setting is listed by name, or by number if no name has |
528 |
|
|
been assigned. |
529 |
|
|
To add a new view, enter a unique name and specify the view |
530 |
|
|
options, |
531 |
|
|
then press the "Add" or "Set Default" button. |
532 |
|
|
If a view with the same name already exists, it is unconditionally |
533 |
|
|
overwritten. |
534 |
|
|
To modify a particular view, simply select it, change its name |
535 |
|
|
and/or parameters, and press the "Change" button. |
536 |
|
|
To remove an unwanted view, select it and press the "Delete" button. |
537 |
|
|
To undo this action, simply press the "Add" button again. |
538 |
|
|
|
539 |
|
|
The first view in the list is the default given to rview during |
540 |
|
|
interactive rendering, and is the first view rendered in a batch run. |
541 |
|
|
To change the default view, select the newly desired view and press |
542 |
|
|
the "Set Default" button. |
543 |
|
|
This button also acts like the "Add" button inasmuch as a new view |
544 |
|
|
may be entered and this button will add it and make it the default |
545 |
|
|
at the same time. |
546 |
|
|
|
547 |
|
|
The Views screen also allows the standard view up vector to be |
548 |
|
|
changed, as well as the root picture name and the output resolution. |
549 |
|
|
|
550 |
|
|
.Views.List |
551 |
|
|
|
552 |
|
|
The list box on the far left of the Views screen shows the |
553 |
|
|
currently defined view names. |
554 |
|
|
Clicking on any of these with the left mouse button shows the view |
555 |
|
|
parameters and allows the view to be edited. |
556 |
|
|
|
557 |
|
|
To change the name or options, edit the "Name" or "Options" |
558 |
|
|
entry and click on the "Change" button. |
559 |
|
|
|
560 |
|
|
Use the "Add" button to add a new view, which may be modified from |
561 |
|
|
an old one by changing the name and options. |
562 |
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
Use the "Delete" button to delete the selected view from the list. |
564 |
|
|
|
565 |
|
|
Views are listed in the order in which they appear in |
566 |
|
|
the rad input file. |
567 |
|
|
|
568 |
|
|
The standard view is "X" is used if no views are specified. |
569 |
|
|
|
570 |
|
|
.Views.Name |
571 |
|
|
|
572 |
|
|
Each view has a unique name, which may be chosen at the user's |
573 |
|
|
discretion or taken from a list of standard views, described below. |
574 |
|
|
An invented name should be kept as short as possible, since it is |
575 |
|
|
added to the picture file name along with the standard ".pic" suffix. |
576 |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
The standard views are specified by strings of the form |
578 |
|
|
"[Xx]?[Yy]?[Zz]?[vlah]?". |
579 |
|
|
(That is, an optional upper or lower case X followed by an optional |
580 |
|
|
upper or lower case Y followed by an optional upper or lower case Z |
581 |
|
|
followed by an optional lower case V, L, A or H.) |
582 |
|
|
The letters indicate the desired view position, where upper case "X" |
583 |
|
|
means maximum X, lower case "y" means minimum Y and so on. |
584 |
|
|
The final letter is the view type, where 'v' is perspective (the |
585 |
|
|
default), 'l' is parallel, 'a' is angular fisheye, and 'h' is |
586 |
|
|
hemispherical fisheye. |
587 |
|
|
A perspective view from maximum X, minimum Y would be "Xy" or |
588 |
|
|
"Xyv". |
589 |
|
|
A parallel view from maximum Z would be "Zl". |
590 |
|
|
If "ZONE" is an interior zone, the standard views will |
591 |
|
|
be inside the perimeter. |
592 |
|
|
If it is an exterior zone, the standard views will be outside. |
593 |
|
|
Note that the standard views are best used as starting points, |
594 |
|
|
and additional arguments may be given after the |
595 |
|
|
identifier to modify a standard view to suit a particular model. |
596 |
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
.Views.Options |
598 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
The "Options" entry window is where the Radiance view |
600 |
|
|
corresponding to the selected name is given. |
601 |
|
|
If the view is one of the standard names (described in the "Views |
602 |
|
|
Name" section), then the options are truly optional, and will |
603 |
|
|
modify the standard view. |
604 |
|
|
Otherwise, it is usually necessary to specify a set of options to |
605 |
|
|
define a view. |
606 |
|
|
|
607 |
|
|
The simplest view specification is of the form "-vf viewfile", where |
608 |
|
|
"viewfile" is a file created with the rview "view" command, or a |
609 |
|
|
Radiance picture. |
610 |
|
|
This method of naming views, although convenient, is not the best |
611 |
|
|
since it is difficult to know exactly where such a view is by |
612 |
|
|
seeing only its file name. |
613 |
|
|
Also, the file may change or be moved or removed, and then the view |
614 |
|
|
may be different than expected or gone altogether. |
615 |
|
|
|
616 |
|
|
To add view options selected from another X11 window, select the |
617 |
|
|
text from another window in the normal fashion, use the left mouse |
618 |
|
|
button to click on the insertion point in the options string, then |
619 |
|
|
use Control-V to insert the text at that point. |
620 |
|
|
For convenience, the middle mouse button has been made |
621 |
|
|
equivalent to Control-V in this window, but it is not the normal |
622 |
|
|
interaction mode for trad. |
623 |
|
|
|
624 |
|
|
Consult the rpict(1) manual page for a full description of the various |
625 |
|
|
view options, all of which begin with "-v". |
626 |
|
|
Just briefly, the "-vt?" option sets the view type, where "?" is |
627 |
|
|
replaced by one of the letters "v, l, a or h", corresponding to |
628 |
|
|
perspective, parallel, angular and hemispherical fisheye, respectively. |
629 |
|
|
The "-vp x y z" option sets the view position (eyepoint), where "x y z" |
630 |
|
|
is replaced by the position in 3-space. |
631 |
|
|
The "-vd xd yd zd" option sets the view direction, where "xd yd zd" |
632 |
|
|
is a vector pointing in the desired direction. |
633 |
|
|
(To compute this direction from a "look-at" point, simply subtract |
634 |
|
|
the eyepoint from the look-at point. Vector normalization is |
635 |
|
|
unnecessary.) |
636 |
|
|
The "-vh horiz" and "-vv vert" options set the horizontal and |
637 |
|
|
vertical view sizes, respectively. |
638 |
|
|
For perspective views, these correspond to full camera angles in |
639 |
|
|
degrees. |
640 |
|
|
For parallel views (using the "-vtl" option), they correspond to |
641 |
|
|
image plane size in world coordinates. |
642 |
|
|
The lesser used "-vu xd yd zd", "-vs vs" and "-vl vl" options |
643 |
|
|
will not be discussed here. |
644 |
|
|
|
645 |
|
|
The order of the view options is irrelevant, unless the same option |
646 |
|
|
is given twice, in which case the last one is used. |
647 |
|
|
Trad does not check the syntax of the view options strings, so be |
648 |
|
|
careful! |
649 |
|
|
In particular, make sure that each option and each argument has a |
650 |
|
|
space between it and whatever follows. |
651 |
|
|
|
652 |
|
|
Hitting return in the "Options" window is equivalent to pressing the |
653 |
|
|
"Add" button. |
654 |
|
|
|
655 |
|
|
.Views.Add |
656 |
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
The view "Add" button takes the currently defined view given by the |
658 |
|
|
"Name" and "Options" windows and appends it to the list of views. |
659 |
|
|
If another view by the same name exists, it is removed first. |
660 |
|
|
|
661 |
|
|
Since the view is added to the end of the "Views" list, the "Add" |
662 |
|
|
button is a convenient way to move views to a lower-priority |
663 |
|
|
position. |
664 |
|
|
Simply select the view you wish to be last and press "Add". |
665 |
|
|
|
666 |
|
|
To add a view as the first (i.e. the default) view instead of the |
667 |
|
|
last, use the "Set Default" button. |
668 |
|
|
|
669 |
|
|
.Views.Change |
670 |
|
|
|
671 |
|
|
The view "Change" button deletes the currently selected view and |
672 |
|
|
adds the currently defined view in its place, changing the name |
673 |
|
|
and/or view options in the process. |
674 |
|
|
|
675 |
|
|
.Views.Delete |
676 |
|
|
|
677 |
|
|
The view "Delete" button removes the currently selected view from |
678 |
|
|
the view list. |
679 |
|
|
|
680 |
|
|
To undo this action, simply press the "Add" button immediately |
681 |
|
|
afterwards, while the deleted view is still present in the edit |
682 |
|
|
window. |
683 |
|
|
|
684 |
|
|
.Views.Clear |
685 |
|
|
|
686 |
|
|
The "Clear" button simply clears the "Name" and "Options" windows |
687 |
|
|
for the convenience of entering a new view. |
688 |
|
|
It has no effect on the rad input variables. |
689 |
|
|
|
690 |
|
|
Note that Control-U will always clear an entry box whose cursor is |
691 |
|
|
active. |
692 |
|
|
|
693 |
|
|
.Views.Default |
694 |
|
|
|
695 |
|
|
The "Set Default" button may be used to make the selected view the |
696 |
|
|
default view for rendering. |
697 |
|
|
This simply moves the view to the top of the list in the rad input file. |
698 |
|
|
The default view will be the one normally rendered by rview when rad |
699 |
|
|
is started interactively, and is the first view rendered in a batch |
700 |
|
|
process. |
701 |
|
|
|
702 |
|
|
A new view may be added as the default view by pressing the "Set |
703 |
|
|
Default" button rather than the "Add" button. |
704 |
|
|
It is never necessary to press both. |
705 |
|
|
|
706 |
|
|
If the selected view is already the default, this button will be |
707 |
|
|
disabled and will read "Is Default" instead of "Set Default". |
708 |
|
|
|
709 |
|
|
.Views.Up |
710 |
|
|
|
711 |
|
|
The standard view up vector may be set to the positive X axis (+X), |
712 |
|
|
the positive Y axis (+Y), the positive Z axis (+Z), the negative |
713 |
|
|
X axis (-X), the negative Y axis (-Y), or the negative Z axis (-Z). |
714 |
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
This setting may always be overriden by the "-vu xd yd zd" option, |
716 |
|
|
and will be altered for a particular view if it happens to be |
717 |
|
|
parallel to the view direction. |
718 |
|
|
|
719 |
|
|
.Views.Picture |
720 |
|
|
|
721 |
|
|
The root picture file name is given in the "Picture" entry window. |
722 |
|
|
To this will be added an underscore, followed by the name of |
723 |
|
|
the particular view being rendered, followed by the ".pic" suffix. |
724 |
|
|
|
725 |
|
|
To render pictures into a different directory than the one |
726 |
|
|
containing the rad input file, simply precede the file name by a |
727 |
|
|
relative or absolute directory. |
728 |
|
|
(Do not use the tilde shorthand for home directories, |
729 |
|
|
as it is not guaranteed to work on all systems.) |
730 |
|
|
|
731 |
|
|
The default picture name is the root name of the rad input file. |
732 |
|
|
|
733 |
|
|
.Views.Resolution |
734 |
|
|
|
735 |
|
|
The final picture resolution is set in the "Resolution" entry |
736 |
|
|
window. |
737 |
|
|
The first entry is the X resolution (in pixels), and the second |
738 |
|
|
(optional) entry is the Y resolution. |
739 |
|
|
If there is only one entry, the maximum X and Y resolution will be |
740 |
|
|
equal. |
741 |
|
|
If a third entry is given, it is taken as the aspect ratio of the |
742 |
|
|
destination pixels. |
743 |
|
|
A number greater than one means that the pixels on the destination |
744 |
|
|
device are taller than they are wide (and therefore there are more |
745 |
|
|
of them horizontally than vertically spanning a like distance), and |
746 |
|
|
a number less than one means the opposite. |
747 |
|
|
An aspect ratio of zero means that the exact given X and Y |
748 |
|
|
dimensions are to be honored, whatever the resulting pixel ratio. |
749 |
|
|
Normally, either the X or the Y resolution is reduced as necessary |
750 |
|
|
to maintain a specific pixel aspect ratio (1 by default). |
751 |
|
|
|
752 |
|
|
The default value for this variable is "512". |
753 |
|
|
|
754 |
|
|
.Views.Copy |
755 |
|
|
|
756 |
|
|
The "Copy" button in the Views screen permits those variables |
757 |
|
|
represented on this screen to be copied from another rad input file. |
758 |
|
|
Specifically, the affected variables are "view, UP, PICTURE, and |
759 |
|
|
RESOLUTION". |
760 |
|
|
|
761 |
|
|
The original values will be lost, and all other variables will be |
762 |
|
|
untouched. |
763 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
.Views.Revert |
765 |
|
|
|
766 |
|
|
The "Revert" button is a convenient way to revert to the original |
767 |
|
|
values in the rad input file. |
768 |
|
|
Only the variables on the Views screen will be affected, but any changes |
769 |
|
|
to these variables since the last save will be lost. |
770 |
|
|
|
771 |
|
|
.Options.Intro |
772 |
|
|
|
773 |
|
|
This button selects the trad Options screen. |
774 |
|
|
This screen allows the setting of various options for |
775 |
|
|
controlling the rendering process. |
776 |
|
|
The most general option is rendering "Quality", which determines the |
777 |
|
|
overall accuracy and beauty of the pictures produced. |
778 |
|
|
A separate "Penumbras" option indicates the importance of soft |
779 |
|
|
shadows in this scene. |
780 |
|
|
The "Ambfile" variable allows you to specify a file for sharing |
781 |
|
|
ambient files between runs, and it is recommended that you set |
782 |
|
|
this variable for high quality renderings. |
783 |
|
|
The "Optfile" variable allows you to specify a separate file for |
784 |
|
|
storing rendering options, which reduces the size of the command |
785 |
|
|
line and makes it easier to run programs such as rtrace(1). |
786 |
|
|
The "Report" variable may be used to specify a time interval (in |
787 |
|
|
minutes) between progress reports. |
788 |
|
|
|
789 |
|
|
Other windows allow the user to customize the options to oconv(1), |
790 |
|
|
mkillum(1), rview(1) and rpict(1), and pfilt(1). |
791 |
|
|
|
792 |
|
|
.Options.Quality |
793 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
|
The "Quality" setting affects the overall accuracy and beauty of the |
795 |
|
|
renderings produced. |
796 |
|
|
|
797 |
|
|
A "Low" setting is appropriate for quick checks of scene geometry and |
798 |
|
|
crude lighting studies. |
799 |
|
|
No interreflection calculation will take place, regardless of the |
800 |
|
|
setting of the "INDIRECT" variable, and other options are tuned for |
801 |
|
|
speed over accuracy. |
802 |
|
|
The computed picture size will exactly equal the final picture |
803 |
|
|
size, thus some aliasing may be apparent. |
804 |
|
|
|
805 |
|
|
A "Medium" quality setting is most often used for draft renderings, as |
806 |
|
|
it provides a good balance between rendering time and accuracy. |
807 |
|
|
The number of interreflections calculated will be equal to the |
808 |
|
|
setting of the "INDIRECT" variable. |
809 |
|
|
The computed picture size will be twice the final size, for a modest |
810 |
|
|
degree of anti-aliasing. |
811 |
|
|
|
812 |
|
|
A "High" quality setting is usually reserved for final renderings. |
813 |
|
|
The number of interreflections computed will equal the value of the |
814 |
|
|
"INDIRECT" variable plus one, to guarantee accuracy. |
815 |
|
|
The computed picture size will be three times the final size, so |
816 |
|
|
aliasing artifacts should be negligible. |
817 |
|
|
|
818 |
|
|
When increasing the value of the "Quality" setting, it is usually a |
819 |
|
|
good idea to delete the old "Ambfile", if there is one. |
820 |
|
|
(See the "AmbDelete" topic under the current help category for |
821 |
|
|
details.) |
822 |
|
|
|
823 |
|
|
.Options.Penumbras |
824 |
|
|
|
825 |
|
|
The "Penumbras" setting determines whether or not Radiance will |
826 |
|
|
make a special effort to generate soft shadows from area light sources. |
827 |
|
|
Since this is a potentially expensive calculation, penumbras should |
828 |
|
|
only be switched "On" when they are really needed. |
829 |
|
|
|
830 |
|
|
Leaving this setting "Off" does not mean that area light sources |
831 |
|
|
will be treated as points. |
832 |
|
|
It only means that some accuracy and possibly some smoothness |
833 |
|
|
will be traded for speed in the shadow calculations. |
834 |
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
.Options.Ambfile |
836 |
|
|
|
837 |
|
|
The "Ambfile" is the file used to store Radiance ambient values for |
838 |
|
|
later reuse in other renderings. |
839 |
|
|
This can greatly reduce the time required to generate multiple |
840 |
|
|
views, as well as improve the quality of a single view whenever |
841 |
|
|
interreflections are computed. |
842 |
|
|
|
843 |
|
|
It is strongly recommended that the user set this variable, especially |
844 |
|
|
when the "QUALITY" variable is set to "High". |
845 |
|
|
The usual convention is to use the root name of the rad input file, |
846 |
|
|
followed with the ".amb" suffix. |
847 |
|
|
It is generally not a good idea to share ambient files between |
848 |
|
|
different zones, as the placement and accuracy of these values will |
849 |
|
|
vary according to the location and characteristics of each zone. |
850 |
|
|
|
851 |
|
|
.Options.AmbDelete |
852 |
|
|
|
853 |
|
|
The "Delete" button next to the "Ambfile" window on the Options |
854 |
|
|
screens allows you to remove the named ambient file. |
855 |
|
|
This is usually done when a change to one or more rad variables |
856 |
|
|
casts doubt on the accuracy of the values stored in this file. |
857 |
|
|
In particular, increases in the variables, "DETAIL, INDIRECT, |
858 |
|
|
VARIABILITY, EXPOSURE or QUALITY" generally invalidate this file. |
859 |
|
|
|
860 |
|
|
If the ambient file is not empty, you will be asked to verify this |
861 |
|
|
operation since the values may represent a significant computational |
862 |
|
|
effort. |
863 |
|
|
|
864 |
|
|
.Options.Optfile |
865 |
|
|
|
866 |
|
|
The "Optfile" setting assigns a file to hold rendering options, |
867 |
|
|
which may be a convenience when these options are reused for |
868 |
|
|
rtrace(1) or rpiece(1), or manual invocations of rview or rpict. |
869 |
|
|
Using an options file also reduces the size of the command line, |
870 |
|
|
making it a little easier on the eye. |
871 |
|
|
|
872 |
|
|
To assure that the "Optfile" contents are up-to-date, you should press |
873 |
|
|
the "oconv" or "Script" button on the Action screen. |
874 |
|
|
|
875 |
|
|
.Options.Report |
876 |
|
|
|
877 |
|
|
The "Report" setting indicates the time interval (in minutes) |
878 |
|
|
between rpict progress reports. |
879 |
|
|
Normally, rpict runs silently, but it is often nice to know how far |
880 |
|
|
a given rendering has progressed. |
881 |
|
|
Normally, progress reports and errors during batch renderings |
882 |
|
|
are sent to the error file given by the root of the rad input |
883 |
|
|
file name followed by the ".err" suffix. |
884 |
|
|
(See the "Errors" topic under the "Action" screen category.) |
885 |
|
|
If you wish these reports and errors to be directed to a different |
886 |
|
|
file, follow the time interval by a space and a file name. |
887 |
|
|
|
888 |
|
|
No setting on this variable means do not report rendering progress. |
889 |
|
|
A zero setting means the same thing, and may be used when a |
890 |
|
|
separate error file is desired but progress reports are not. |
891 |
|
|
|
892 |
|
|
.Options.Oconv |
893 |
|
|
|
894 |
|
|
The "oconv opts" window may be used to specify any additional |
895 |
|
|
options to the oconv(1) command used to compile the scene |
896 |
|
|
description. |
897 |
|
|
|
898 |
|
|
In particular, the "-f" option for creating a "frozen" octree may |
899 |
|
|
speed rendering start-up substantially, although it makes it |
900 |
|
|
impossible to change even material properties without |
901 |
|
|
recompiling the scene again. |
902 |
|
|
(The "-f" option is technically incompatible with naming |
903 |
|
|
"materials" files on the Scene screen.) |
904 |
|
|
|
905 |
|
|
If oconv generates a "set overflow" error, it may mean that the "-r |
906 |
|
|
res" option is needed to increase the octree resolution. |
907 |
|
|
See the oconv(1) man page for details. |
908 |
|
|
|
909 |
|
|
The "-i octree" option should be used with extreme caution, as incremental |
910 |
|
|
building of octrees is not very well supported by rad. |
911 |
|
|
You may do it this way if you specify the input octree as one of the |
912 |
|
|
"Objects" files on the Scene screen, but it is preferable to use the |
913 |
|
|
UNIX make(1) utility to incrementally build the octree instead, and |
914 |
|
|
indicate this by not specifying any illum or scene files. |
915 |
|
|
|
916 |
|
|
.Options.Mkillum |
917 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
|
The "mkillum opts" window may be used to specify options to the |
919 |
|
|
mkillum(1) command, whose options are actually passed to rtrace(1). |
920 |
|
|
These options apply only if there are one or more "Illum" files |
921 |
|
|
named on the Scene screen. |
922 |
|
|
|
923 |
|
|
It is very important to set mkillum options sensibly, |
924 |
|
|
since rad does not have the intelligence to do it for you. |
925 |
|
|
|
926 |
|
|
.Options.Render |
927 |
|
|
|
928 |
|
|
The "render opts" window is used to specify additional options to |
929 |
|
|
the rview(1) and rpict(1) rendering programs. |
930 |
|
|
Most of the important parameters are computed by rad, so this |
931 |
|
|
window is usually used to override specific parameters or to give |
932 |
|
|
additional information, such as which materials to exclude from the |
933 |
|
|
interreflection calculation. |
934 |
|
|
|
935 |
|
|
.Options.Pfilt |
936 |
|
|
|
937 |
|
|
The "pfilt opts" window is used to specify additional options to |
938 |
|
|
the pfilt(1) picture filtering program. |
939 |
|
|
|
940 |
|
|
Note that the "-e expval", "-x xres" and "-y yres" options are |
941 |
|
|
already dictated by the settings of the "EXPOSURE" and "RESOLUTION" |
942 |
|
|
variables, and should therefore be used with caution. |
943 |
|
|
|
944 |
|
|
Also note that the setting of some pfilt options require a |
945 |
|
|
two-pass filtering process, rather than the default single pass. |
946 |
|
|
If no "EXPOSURE" setting is given, this is not a problem, but if a |
947 |
|
|
value for the "EXPOSURE" variable is set as recommended, then it is |
948 |
|
|
necessary to manually specify the "-2" option to pfilt, followed by |
949 |
|
|
an exposure that undoes the "EXPOSURE" setting. |
950 |
|
|
An equivalent workaround is to unset the EXPOSURE variable and |
951 |
|
|
manually set the render option "-av V V V", where "V" is equal to |
952 |
|
|
0.5/old_EXPOSURE. |
953 |
|
|
|
954 |
|
|
.Options.Copy |
955 |
|
|
|
956 |
|
|
The "Copy" button in the Options screen permits those variables |
957 |
|
|
represented on this screen to be copied from another rad input file. |
958 |
|
|
Specifically, the affected variables are "QUALITY, PENUMBRAS, |
959 |
|
|
AMBFILE, OPTFILE, REPORT, oconv, mkillum, render and pfilt". |
960 |
|
|
|
961 |
|
|
The original values will be lost, and all other variables will be |
962 |
|
|
untouched. |
963 |
|
|
|
964 |
|
|
.Options.Revert |
965 |
|
|
|
966 |
|
|
The "Revert" button is a convenient way to revert to the original values |
967 |
|
|
in the rad input file. |
968 |
|
|
Only the variables on the Options screen will be affected, but any changes |
969 |
|
|
to these variables since the last save will be lost. |
970 |
|
|
|
971 |
|
|
.Action.Intro |
972 |
|
|
|
973 |
|
|
This button selects the trad Action screen. |
974 |
|
|
This screen is where the actual Radiance programs are |
975 |
|
|
run, usually via rad(1). |
976 |
|
|
The top row of buttons is used to update the octree following a |
977 |
|
|
change to one or more input files. |
978 |
|
|
The "rview" button starts an interactive rendering in the |
979 |
|
|
foreground. |
980 |
|
|
The next set of buttons provides for the control of a batch |
981 |
|
|
rendering process, taking place in the background. |
982 |
|
|
Finally, the bottom set of buttons allows you to preview what would |
983 |
|
|
happen during a batch rendering, or (equivalently) make a script of |
984 |
|
|
UNIX commands for later execution. |
985 |
|
|
|
986 |
|
|
When the Action screen is first brought up, the message window |
987 |
|
|
displays the current status of any batch rendering process. |
988 |
|
|
The status must either be "No batch rendering in progress," which |
989 |
|
|
means that as far as trad can tell a batch rendering was never |
990 |
|
|
started, "Batch rendering stopped," meaning that there is no current |
991 |
|
|
process but at least some views have not been rendered or are |
992 |
|
|
out-of-date, or "Batch rendering finished," meaning that everything |
993 |
|
|
is done. |
994 |
|
|
|
995 |
|
|
.Action.Oconv |
996 |
|
|
|
997 |
|
|
The "oconv" button on the Action screen may be used to manually |
998 |
|
|
compile the scene description and bring the octree up to date. |
999 |
|
|
It is normally not necessary to use this button, since the octree |
1000 |
|
|
will be rebuilt if appropriate prior to rendering. |
1001 |
|
|
However, if the octree is maintained by make(1) rather than rad, or |
1002 |
|
|
the octree was never created and you want trad to start a little |
1003 |
|
|
faster next time, or you just need the octree for some reason other |
1004 |
|
|
than rendering, this is the button for you. |
1005 |
|
|
|
1006 |
|
|
If you have made changes to the rad variables or the Radiance |
1007 |
|
|
material files that invalidate the current octree or renderings but |
1008 |
|
|
would not automatically rebuild the octree because the scene files |
1009 |
|
|
themselves were not changed, it may be wise to use the "Force" |
1010 |
|
|
button. |
1011 |
|
|
In contrast, if you have made some insignificant changes to the |
1012 |
|
|
scene files that should not make any difference to the octree or the |
1013 |
|
|
renderings, you may want to use the "Touch" button. |
1014 |
|
|
|
1015 |
|
|
Pressing the "oconv" button also updates the contents of the |
1016 |
|
|
"Optfile" if one is given on the Options screen. |
1017 |
|
|
This may be useful for computing rendering parameters for rtrace(1) |
1018 |
|
|
or rpiece(1). |
1019 |
|
|
|
1020 |
|
|
.Action.Force |
1021 |
|
|
|
1022 |
|
|
The "Force" button on the Action screen |
1023 |
|
|
causes the octree to be unconditionally rebuilt, |
1024 |
|
|
by removing it first. |
1025 |
|
|
This will also require all pictures to be rerendered, so only use |
1026 |
|
|
this button if it is really necessary, i.e. if you have made |
1027 |
|
|
some important changes to the rad |
1028 |
|
|
variables on the Scene, Zone or Options screens, but have not |
1029 |
|
|
changed any scene file on which the octree depends. |
1030 |
|
|
|
1031 |
|
|
If the octree itself should not be affected by these changes, only |
1032 |
|
|
the renderings, you may delete the faulty picture files instead from |
1033 |
|
|
the Results screen and the ambient file (if it exists) from the |
1034 |
|
|
Options screen. |
1035 |
|
|
|
1036 |
|
|
.Action.Touch |
1037 |
|
|
|
1038 |
|
|
The "Touch" button on the Action screen |
1039 |
|
|
should be used when some insignificant change has |
1040 |
|
|
been made to the Radiance input files, which might otherwise cause |
1041 |
|
|
the octree to be rebuilt and the picture files to be rerendered. |
1042 |
|
|
|
1043 |
|
|
Care should be exercised in using this button since you may have |
1044 |
|
|
made a change that really does affect the octree in an important |
1045 |
|
|
way. |
1046 |
|
|
Even something as seemingly trivial as deleting an unused material |
1047 |
|
|
will cause an unfrozen octree to become invalid and unusable. |
1048 |
|
|
|
1049 |
|
|
Therefore, if you know the octree should be rebuilt, but you do not |
1050 |
|
|
want to cause any of the currently rendered pictures to be redone, |
1051 |
|
|
press the "oconv" button to bring the octree up to date, followed |
1052 |
|
|
by the "Touch" button. |
1053 |
|
|
(This will still cause the ambient file to be removed, |
1054 |
|
|
unfortunately.) |
1055 |
|
|
|
1056 |
|
|
.Action.Rview |
1057 |
|
|
|
1058 |
|
|
The "rview" button on the Action screen starts an interactive |
1059 |
|
|
rendering for the selected view, indicated by the menu button |
1060 |
|
|
just to the right. |
1061 |
|
|
Other views may be accessed within rview using the "L name" |
1062 |
|
|
command, and new views can be added with the "V name" |
1063 |
|
|
command. |
1064 |
|
|
(See the rview(1) man page and the "View" topic in the current |
1065 |
|
|
help category for more information.) |
1066 |
|
|
|
1067 |
|
|
If the octree is out-of-date, it will be rebuilt before rendering |
1068 |
|
|
begins. |
1069 |
|
|
|
1070 |
|
|
.Action.View |
1071 |
|
|
|
1072 |
|
|
The Action screen contains two menus for selecting views. |
1073 |
|
|
The top menu, next to the "rview" button, sets the view to start |
1074 |
|
|
with in rview, and is selected from the current view list. |
1075 |
|
|
The second view menu, next to the "Start" button for batch |
1076 |
|
|
rendering, selects the view or views to render in batch mode. |
1077 |
|
|
If the special entry "ALL" is selected, then every view in the |
1078 |
|
|
current list will be rendered if it hasn't been already. |
1079 |
|
|
|
1080 |
|
|
The batch rendering view menu also selects the view or views |
1081 |
|
|
to use in producing a script during a dry run. |
1082 |
|
|
|
1083 |
|
|
.Action.Start |
1084 |
|
|
|
1085 |
|
|
The "Start" button for batch rendering on the Action screen |
1086 |
|
|
initiates a rad rendering process in the background using the |
1087 |
|
|
selected view or views shown on the menu button to the right. |
1088 |
|
|
|
1089 |
|
|
If any of the rad variables have been changed since the |
1090 |
|
|
file was last saved, you will first be asked if you wish to save |
1091 |
|
|
your changes before starting a background process. |
1092 |
|
|
If you discard these changes, then the batch rendering will be |
1093 |
|
|
conducted using the previously saved values. |
1094 |
|
|
|
1095 |
|
|
Once a background process is going, the "Start" button is |
1096 |
|
|
disabled, and rendering progress can be monitored by checking |
1097 |
|
|
the error file periodically. |
1098 |
|
|
(This file is named by the root of the rad input file followed by |
1099 |
|
|
".err".) |
1100 |
|
|
When a batch process is started or already running, this button |
1101 |
|
|
will be disabled. |
1102 |
|
|
|
1103 |
|
|
The background process can be killed during this or later |
1104 |
|
|
invocations of trad using the "Kill" button. |
1105 |
|
|
|
1106 |
|
|
.Action.Kill |
1107 |
|
|
|
1108 |
|
|
The batch rendering "Kill" button kills the |
1109 |
|
|
background process started earlier with the "Start" button. |
1110 |
|
|
The rad process id is taken from the first line of the error file, |
1111 |
|
|
and this process and all its children are killed when the |
1112 |
|
|
button is pressed. |
1113 |
|
|
|
1114 |
|
|
So long as there is an ambient file specified in the Options |
1115 |
|
|
screen, no data is lost by killing and restarting a batch |
1116 |
|
|
rendering, though some new startup costs will be incurred. |
1117 |
|
|
|
1118 |
|
|
The "Kill" button is disabled if no running batch process is |
1119 |
|
|
detected. |
1120 |
|
|
|
1121 |
|
|
.Action.CheckErr |
1122 |
|
|
|
1123 |
|
|
Pressing the "Check errors" button |
1124 |
|
|
displays the contents of the batch rendering error file, named |
1125 |
|
|
by the root of the current rad input file followed by the ".err" |
1126 |
|
|
suffix. |
1127 |
|
|
This file will contain the command lines executed by rad so far, |
1128 |
|
|
and may or may not contain additional progress reports from |
1129 |
|
|
rpict, depending on the initial setting of the "REPORT" variable. |
1130 |
|
|
|
1131 |
|
|
If no error file exists, this button will be disabled. |
1132 |
|
|
|
1133 |
|
|
.Action.Script |
1134 |
|
|
|
1135 |
|
|
The dry run "Script" button runs rad with the |
1136 |
|
|
"-n" option so that you may see the commands that would be |
1137 |
|
|
executed during a batch run without actually executing them. |
1138 |
|
|
If a file is named in the window next to this button, the output |
1139 |
|
|
will simply be written to that file. |
1140 |
|
|
If no file is named, a temporary file is created and an editor |
1141 |
|
|
window is opened on it. |
1142 |
|
|
|
1143 |
|
|
Producing a dry run also writes the "Optfile" if one is specified |
1144 |
|
|
on the Options screen. |
1145 |
|
|
This may be useful for computing rendering parameters for rtrace(1) |
1146 |
|
|
or rpiece(1). |
1147 |
|
|
|
1148 |
|
|
The view or views are selected by the same menu used for |
1149 |
|
|
batch rendering. |
1150 |
|
|
(See the "View" topic under the current help category for more |
1151 |
|
|
information.) |
1152 |
|
|
|
1153 |
|
|
.Action.Edit |
1154 |
|
|
|
1155 |
|
|
The dry run "Edit" button is used to edit the named script file |
1156 |
|
|
created by pressing the "Script" button. |
1157 |
|
|
If no file is named, this button is ineffective. |
1158 |
|
|
|
1159 |
|
|
.Action.Delete |
1160 |
|
|
|
1161 |
|
|
The "Delete" button removes the named script file, created by the |
1162 |
|
|
"Script" button. |
1163 |
|
|
If no file is named, or the named file does not exist, this button has |
1164 |
|
|
no effect. |
1165 |
|
|
|
1166 |
|
|
.Results.Intro |
1167 |
|
|
|
1168 |
|
|
This button selects the trad Results screen. |
1169 |
|
|
This screen permits rendered pictures to be displayed, |
1170 |
|
|
converted to other image formats, and printed. |
1171 |
|
|
Only finished pictures may be converted or printed, but |
1172 |
|
|
incomplete pictures (i.e. aborted renderings or renderings in |
1173 |
|
|
progress) may be displayed interactively. |
1174 |
|
|
|
1175 |
|
|
The left-hand window shows a list of completed views, and the |
1176 |
|
|
right-hand window shows views that have been started but not |
1177 |
|
|
finished. |
1178 |
|
|
Note that other views may not even be started, thus may not |
1179 |
|
|
appear in either list. |
1180 |
|
|
Also, just because a view appears on the Results screen, it does |
1181 |
|
|
not mean that view is up-to-date with respect to the Radiance |
1182 |
|
|
input files. |
1183 |
|
|
(The best way currently to tell which pictures are out-of-date |
1184 |
|
|
is to press the "Script" button on the Action screen and examine |
1185 |
|
|
the output.) |
1186 |
|
|
|
1187 |
|
|
.Results.Finished |
1188 |
|
|
|
1189 |
|
|
The "Finished views" list box on the Results screen shows those |
1190 |
|
|
renderings which have completed, whether or not they are up-to-date |
1191 |
|
|
with respect to the Radiance input files. |
1192 |
|
|
Select pictures in this box for display, conversion to other image |
1193 |
|
|
formats, and/or printing. |
1194 |
|
|
Selected pictures may also be deleted with the "Delete" button. |
1195 |
|
|
|
1196 |
|
|
To select one or more pictures from this box, click the left mouse |
1197 |
|
|
button on a view name, and drag it up or down to select multiple |
1198 |
|
|
views. |
1199 |
|
|
Shift-click also allows views to be added to the selection. |
1200 |
|
|
|
1201 |
|
|
.Results.Unfinished |
1202 |
|
|
|
1203 |
|
|
The "Unfinished views" list box on the Results screen shows those |
1204 |
|
|
renderings which have not yet completed. |
1205 |
|
|
These partial pictures may or may not be out-of-date |
1206 |
|
|
with respect to the Radiance input files. |
1207 |
|
|
Select pictures in this box for display or deletion. |
1208 |
|
|
It is not possible to convert or print an unfinished picture. |
1209 |
|
|
|
1210 |
|
|
To select one or more pictures from this box, click the left mouse |
1211 |
|
|
button on a view name, and drag it up or down to select multiple |
1212 |
|
|
views. |
1213 |
|
|
Shift-click also allows views to be added to the selection. |
1214 |
|
|
|
1215 |
|
|
.Results.Rescan |
1216 |
|
|
|
1217 |
|
|
The "Rescan" button on the Results screen is used to update the |
1218 |
|
|
finished and unfinished view lists, in case one or more pictures |
1219 |
|
|
has completed since the Results screen was brought up. |
1220 |
|
|
|
1221 |
|
|
.Results.Delete |
1222 |
|
|
|
1223 |
|
|
The "Delete" button on the Results screen is used to remove the |
1224 |
|
|
selected picture files from the filesystem. |
1225 |
|
|
Verification is required before any action is taken. |
1226 |
|
|
|
1227 |
|
|
.Results.Display |
1228 |
|
|
|
1229 |
|
|
The "Display" button on the Results screen may be used to display |
1230 |
|
|
the selected images using ximage(1) or any other Radiance picture |
1231 |
|
|
display program. |
1232 |
|
|
|
1233 |
|
|
The current display command is shown in the adjacent command window, |
1234 |
|
|
and may be customized if necessary. |
1235 |
|
|
(See the "DispCommand" topic in the current help category for |
1236 |
|
|
details.) |
1237 |
|
|
|
1238 |
|
|
.Results.DispCommand |
1239 |
|
|
|
1240 |
|
|
The current display command in the Results screen determines how |
1241 |
|
|
finished and unfinished Radiance pictures will be displayed. |
1242 |
|
|
This command contains two variable fields. |
1243 |
|
|
The first field is a signed integer, indicated by the "%+d" format. |
1244 |
|
|
The second field is a string, indicated by the "%s" format. |
1245 |
|
|
Both fields must appear in any display command used, and must be in |
1246 |
|
|
this order on the command line. |
1247 |
|
|
The first field is used to adjust the exposure of an unfinished |
1248 |
|
|
picture, and the second field is the file name. |
1249 |
|
|
The rest of the command is arbitrary, so long as it is understood by |
1250 |
|
|
the system. |
1251 |
|
|
|
1252 |
|
|
The default command is "ximage -e %+d %s >& /dev/null &", which |
1253 |
|
|
executes ximage in the background and sends any output (including |
1254 |
|
|
error messages) to the null device. |
1255 |
|
|
If you don't wish ximage to run in the background, you may remove |
1256 |
|
|
the last part of the command (" >& /dev/null &"). |
1257 |
|
|
|
1258 |
|
|
.Results.Convert |
1259 |
|
|
|
1260 |
|
|
The "Convert" button on the Results screen converts the selected |
1261 |
|
|
pictures to the format indicated on the menu button to the right. |
1262 |
|
|
(See the "ConvType" topic under the current help category for |
1263 |
|
|
details.) |
1264 |
|
|
|
1265 |
|
|
Each finished picture is converted to the selected format and given |
1266 |
|
|
the name indicated by the adjacent window labeled "File". |
1267 |
|
|
(See the "ConvFile" topic under the current help category for |
1268 |
|
|
details.) |
1269 |
|
|
|
1270 |
|
|
.Results.ConvType |
1271 |
|
|
|
1272 |
|
|
The image type button on the Results screen determines the |
1273 |
|
|
destination format for converted Radiance pictures. |
1274 |
|
|
You may choose from the list that pops up when you press this |
1275 |
|
|
button. |
1276 |
|
|
Often, a given format may have more than one subtype. |
1277 |
|
|
In general, 8-bit means 8-bit color with a lookup table, |
1278 |
|
|
B&W means 8-bit greyscale with no lookup, and 24-bit means 24-bit |
1279 |
|
|
true color. |
1280 |
|
|
|
1281 |
|
|
The file suffix is determined by the basic conversion type, but may |
1282 |
|
|
be changed along with the rest of the name by editing the file name |
1283 |
|
|
window. |
1284 |
|
|
(See the "ConvFile" topic under the current help category for |
1285 |
|
|
details.) |
1286 |
|
|
|
1287 |
|
|
.Results.ConvFile |
1288 |
|
|
|
1289 |
|
|
The image conversion file name window on the Results screen should contain |
1290 |
|
|
a single "%s" format field, which will be replaced by the view name |
1291 |
|
|
being converted. |
1292 |
|
|
|
1293 |
|
|
The default name is the same as the value of the rad "PICTURE" |
1294 |
|
|
variable, followed by a suffix appropriate to the selected file type. |
1295 |
|
|
|
1296 |
|
|
.Results.Print |
1297 |
|
|
|
1298 |
|
|
The "Print" button on the Results screen executes the given |
1299 |
|
|
system command to print one copy each of the selected picture(s). |
1300 |
|
|
This button does not work on unfinished pictures. |
1301 |
|
|
|
1302 |
|
|
The actual command used for printing may be edited in the adjacent |
1303 |
|
|
window. |
1304 |
|
|
(See the "PrintCommand" topic under the current help category for |
1305 |
|
|
details.) |
1306 |
|
|
|
1307 |
|
|
.Results.PrintCommand |
1308 |
|
|
|
1309 |
|
|
The print command window on the Results screen contains the system |
1310 |
|
|
command to use in printing out finished Radiance pictures. |
1311 |
|
|
The "%s" format field, which must appear somewhere in the command, |
1312 |
|
|
is replaced by the selected Radiance picture file name(s). |
1313 |
|
|
|
1314 |
|
|
The default command is "ra_ps %s | lpr", which converts the Radiance |
1315 |
|
|
picture to a black and white PostScript file and sends it to the lpr |
1316 |
|
|
print spooler. |
1317 |
|
|
If your printer does not understand PostScript, or your system does |
1318 |
|
|
not support lpr, this command must obviously be changed. |