--- ray/src/util/rad.c	1993/03/11 09:11:00	2.1
+++ ray/src/util/rad.c	1993/06/25 17:35:49	2.12
@@ -76,11 +76,13 @@ VARIABLE	*matchvar();
 char	*nvalue();
 int	vscale();
 
+#define UPPER(c)	((c)&~0x20)	/* ASCII trick */
+
 #define vnam(vc)	(vv[vc].name)
 #define vdef(vc)	(vv[vc].nass)
 #define vval(vc)	(vv[vc].value)
 #define vint(vc)	atoi(vval(vc))
-#define vlet(vc)	(vval(vc)[0]&~0x20)
+#define vlet(vc)	UPPER(vval(vc)[0])
 #define vbool(vc)	(vlet(vc)=='T')
 
 #define HIGH		2
@@ -92,10 +94,18 @@ int	(*setqopts[3])() = {lowqopts, medqopts, hiqopts};
 
 #define renderopts	(*setqopts[vscale(QUALITY)])
 
-extern long	fdate();
+				/* overture calculation file */
+#ifdef NIX
+char	overfile[] = "overture.raw";
+#else
+char	overfile[] = "/dev/null";
+#endif
 
+extern long	fdate(), time();
+
 long	scenedate;		/* date of latest scene or object file */
 long	octreedate;		/* date of octree */
+long	matdate;		/* date of latest material file */
 
 int	explicate = 0;		/* explicate variables */
 int	silent = 0;		/* do work silently */
@@ -157,8 +167,11 @@ char	*argv[];
 				/* print all values if requested */
 	if (explicate)
 		printvals();
-				/* run simulation */
+				/* build octree */
 	oconv();
+				/* check date on ambient file */
+	checkambfile();
+				/* run simulation */
 	renderopts(ropts);
 	xferopts(ropts);
 	if (rvdevice != NULL)
@@ -168,7 +181,7 @@ char	*argv[];
 	exit(0);
 userr:
 	fprintf(stderr,
-	"Usage: %s [-s][-n][-v view][-o dev] rfile [VAR=value ..]\n",
+	"Usage: %s [-s][-n][-e][-v view][-o dev] rfile [VAR=value ..]\n",
 			progname);
 	exit(1);
 }
@@ -193,15 +206,13 @@ load(rfname)			/* load Radiance simulation file */
 char	*rfname;
 {
 	FILE	*fp;
-	char	buf[256];
+	char	buf[512];
 	register char	*cp;
 
 	if (rfname == NULL)
 		fp = stdin;
-	else if ((fp = fopen(rfname, "r")) == NULL) {
-		perror(rfname);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	else if ((fp = fopen(rfname, "r")) == NULL)
+		syserr(rfname);
 	while (fgetline(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) != NULL) {
 		for (cp = buf; *cp; cp++) {
 			switch (*cp) {
@@ -212,6 +223,8 @@ char	*rfname;
 			case '#':
 				*cp = '\0';
 				break;
+			default:
+				continue;
 			}
 			break;
 		}
@@ -260,16 +273,17 @@ register char	*ass;
 		exit(1);
 	}
 					/* assign new value */
-	cp = vp->value; i = vp->nass;
-	while (i--)
-		while (*cp++)
-			;
-	i = cp - vp->value;
-	vp->value = realloc(vp->value, i+n+1);
-	if (vp->value == NULL) {
-		perror(progname);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if (i = vp->nass) {
+		cp = vp->value;
+		while (i--)
+			while (*cp++)
+				;
+		i = cp - vp->value;
+		vp->value = realloc(vp->value, i+n+1);
+	} else
+		vp->value = malloc(n+1);
+	if (vp->value == NULL)
+		syserr(progname);
 	strcpy(vp->value+i, ass);
 	vp->nass++;
 }
@@ -318,9 +332,7 @@ int	vc;
 	case 'L':
 		return(LOW);
 	}
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s: illegal value for variable '%s' (%s)\n",
-			progname, vnam(vc), vval(vc));
-	exit(1);
+	badvalue(vc);
 }
 
 
@@ -341,8 +353,9 @@ register VARIABLE	*vp;
 		return;
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: warning - multiple assignment of variable '%s'\n",
 			progname, vp->name);
-	while (vp->nass-- > 1)
+	do
 		vp->value += strlen(vp->value)+1;
+	while (--vp->nass > 1);
 }
 
 
@@ -372,12 +385,11 @@ register char	*fnames;
 	while (*fnames) {
 		while (isspace(*fnames)) fnames++;
 		cp = thisfile;
-		while (*fnames && !isspace(*fnames)) *cp++ = *fnames++;
+		while (*fnames && !isspace(*fnames))
+			*cp++ = *fnames++;
 		*cp = '\0';
-		if ((thisdate = fdate(thisfile)) < 0) {
-			perror(thisfile);
-			exit(1);
-		}
+		if ((thisdate = fdate(thisfile)) < 0)
+			syserr(thisfile);
 		if (thisdate > lastdate)
 			lastdate = thisdate;
 	}
@@ -387,9 +399,17 @@ register char	*fnames;
 
 checkfiles()			/* check for existence and modified times */
 {
+	char	*cp;
 	long	objdate;
 
-	octreedate = vdef(OCTREE) ? fdate(vval(OCTREE)) : -1;
+	if (!vdef(OCTREE)) {
+		if ((cp = bmalloc(strlen(radname)+5)) == NULL)
+			syserr(progname);
+		sprintf(cp, "%s.oct", radname);
+		vval(OCTREE) = cp;
+		vdef(OCTREE)++;
+	}
+	octreedate = fdate(vval(OCTREE));
 	scenedate = -1;
 	if (vdef(SCENE)) {
 		scenedate = checklast(vval(SCENE));
@@ -400,57 +420,54 @@ checkfiles()			/* check for existence and modified tim
 		}
 	}
 	if (octreedate < 0 & scenedate < 0) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: need scene or octree\n", progname);
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: need '%s' or '%s'\n", progname,
+				vnam(OCTREE), vnam(SCENE));
 		exit(1);
 	}
+	matdate = -1;
+	if (vdef(MATERIAL))
+		matdate = checklast(vval(MATERIAL));
 }	
 
 
-setdefaults()			/* set default values for unassigned var's */
+getoctcube(org, sizp)		/* get octree bounding cube */
+double	org[3], *sizp;
 {
+	extern FILE	*popen();
+	static double	oorg[3], osiz = 0.;
+	char	buf[MAXPATH+16];
 	FILE	*fp;
-	double	xmin, ymin, zmin, size;
-	char	buf[512];
-	char	*cp;
 
-	if (!vdef(OCTREE)) {
-		sprintf(buf, "%s.oct", radname);
-		vval(OCTREE) = savqstr(buf);
-		vdef(OCTREE)++;
+	if (osiz <= FTINY) {
+		oconv();		/* does nothing if done already */
+		sprintf(buf, "getinfo -d < %s", vval(OCTREE));
+		if ((fp = popen(buf, "r")) == NULL)
+			syserr("getinfo");
+		if (fscanf(fp, "%lf %lf %lf %lf", &oorg[0], &oorg[1],
+				&oorg[2], &osiz) != 4) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			"%s: error reading bounding cube from getinfo\n",
+					progname);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		pclose(fp);
 	}
+	org[0] = oorg[0]; org[1] = oorg[1]; org[2] = oorg[2]; *sizp = osiz;
+}
+
+
+setdefaults()			/* set default values for unassigned var's */
+{
+	double	org[3], size;
+	char	buf[128];
+
 	if (!vdef(ZONE)) {
-		if (scenedate > octreedate) {
-			sprintf(buf, "getbbox -w -h %s", vval(SCENE));
-			if (!silent) {
-				printf("\t%s\n", buf);
-				fflush(stdout);
-			}
-			if ((fp = popen(buf, "r")) == NULL) {
-				perror("getbbox");
-				exit(1);
-			}
-			buf[0] = 'E'; buf[1] = ' ';
-			fgetline(buf+2, sizeof(buf)-2, fp);
-			pclose(fp);
-		} else {
-			sprintf(buf, "getinfo -d < %s", vval(OCTREE));
-			if ((fp = popen(buf, "r")) == NULL) {
-				perror("getinfo");
-				exit(1);
-			}
-			fscanf(fp, "%lf %lf %lf %lf",
-					&xmin, &ymin, &zmin, &size);
-			sprintf(buf, "E %g %g %g %g %g %g", xmin, xmin+size,
-					ymin, ymin+size, zmin, zmin+size);
-			pclose(fp);
-		}
+		getoctcube(org, &size);
+		sprintf(buf, "E %g %g %g %g %g %g", org[0], org[0]+size,
+				org[1], org[1]+size, org[2], org[2]+size);
 		vval(ZONE) = savqstr(buf);
 		vdef(ZONE)++;
 	}
-	if (!vdef(UP)) {
-		vval(UP) = "Z";
-		vdef(UP)++;
-	}
 	if (!vdef(INDIRECT)) {
 		vval(INDIRECT) = "0";
 		vdef(INDIRECT)++;
@@ -467,11 +484,6 @@ setdefaults()			/* set default values for unassigned v
 		vval(PICTURE) = radname;
 		vdef(PICTURE)++;
 	}
-	if (!vdef(AMBFILE)) {
-		sprintf(buf, "%s.amb", radname);
-		vval(AMBFILE) = savqstr(buf);
-		vdef(AMBFILE)++;
-	}
 	if (!vdef(VIEW)) {
 		vval(VIEW) = "X";
 		vdef(VIEW)++;
@@ -496,8 +508,8 @@ printvals()			/* print variable values */
 	register int	i, j;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NVARS; i++)
-		for (j = 0; j < vv[i].nass; j++)
-			printf("%s= %s\n", vv[i].name, nvalue(vv+i, j));
+		for (j = 0; j < vdef(i); j++)
+			printf("%s= %s\n", vnam(i), nvalue(vv+i, j));
 	fflush(stdout);
 }
 
@@ -506,23 +518,24 @@ oconv()				/* run oconv if necessary */
 {
 	char	combuf[512], ocopts[64];
 
-	if (octreedate > scenedate)	/* check dates */
+	if (octreedate >= scenedate)	/* check dates */
 		return;
 					/* build command */
 	oconvopts(ocopts);
-	sprintf(combuf, "oconv%s %s > %s", ocopts, vval(SCENE), vval(OCTREE));
-	if (!silent) {			/* echo it */
-		printf("\t%s\n", combuf);
-		fflush(stdout);
-	}
-	if (noaction)
-		return;
-	if (system(combuf)) {		/* run it */
+	if (vdef(MATERIAL))
+		sprintf(combuf, "oconv%s %s %s > %s", ocopts,
+				vval(MATERIAL), vval(SCENE), vval(OCTREE));
+	else
+		sprintf(combuf, "oconv%s %s > %s", ocopts,
+				vval(SCENE), vval(OCTREE));
+	
+	if (runcom(combuf)) {		/* run it */
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: error generating octree\n\t%s removed\n",
 				progname, vval(OCTREE));
 		unlink(vval(OCTREE));
 		exit(1);
 	}
+	octreedate = time(0);
 }
 
 
@@ -538,42 +551,235 @@ register char	*op, *arg;
 
 
 oconvopts(oo)				/* get oconv options */
-char	*oo;
+register char	*oo;
 {
+	/* BEWARE:  This may be called via setdefaults(), so no assumptions */
+
 	*oo = '\0';
 	if (vdef(OCONV))
 		addarg(oo, vval(OCONV));
 }
 
 
-lowqopts(ro)				/* low quality rendering options */
-char	*ro;
+checkambfile()			/* check date on ambient file */
 {
-	register char	*op = ro;
+	long	afdate;
 
+	if (!vdef(AMBFILE))
+		return;
+	if ((afdate = fdate(vval(AMBFILE))) < 0)
+		return;
+	if (octreedate > afdate | matdate > afdate)
+		rmfile(vval(AMBFILE));
+}
+
+
+double
+ambval()				/* compute ambient value */
+{
+	if (vdef(EXPOSURE)) {
+		if (vval(EXPOSURE)[0] == '+' || vval(EXPOSURE)[0] == '-')
+			return(.5/pow(2.,atof(vval(EXPOSURE))));
+		if (isdigit(vval(EXPOSURE)[0]) || vval(EXPOSURE)[0] == '.')
+			return(.5/atof(vval(EXPOSURE)));
+		badvalue(EXPOSURE);
+	}
+	if (vlet(ZONE) == 'E')
+		return(10.);
+	if (vlet(ZONE) == 'I')
+		return(.01);
+	badvalue(ZONE);
+}
+
+
+lowqopts(op)				/* low quality rendering options */
+register char	*op;
+{
+	double	d, org[3], siz[3];
+
 	*op = '\0';
+	if (sscanf(vval(ZONE), "%*s %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf", &org[0],
+			&siz[0], &org[1], &siz[1], &org[2], &siz[2]) != 6)
+		badvalue(ZONE);
+	siz[0] -= org[0]; siz[1] -= org[1]; siz[2] -= org[2];
+	getoctcube(org, &d);
+	d *= 3./(siz[0]+siz[1]+siz[2]);
+	switch (vscale(DETAIL)) {
+	case LOW:
+		op = addarg(op, "-ps 16 -dp 16");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(4*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	case MEDIUM:
+		op = addarg(op, "-ps 8 -dp 32");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(8*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	case HIGH:
+		op = addarg(op, "-ps 4 -dp 64");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(16*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	}
+	op = addarg(op, "-pt .16");
+	if (vbool(PENUMBRAS))
+		op = addarg(op, "-ds .4");
+	else
+		op = addarg(op, "-ds 0");
+	op = addarg(op, "-dt .2 -dc .25 -dr 0 -sj 0 -st .7");
+	if (vdef(AMBFILE)) {
+		sprintf(op, " -af %s", vval(AMBFILE));
+		op += strlen(op);
+	} else
+		overture = 0;
+	switch (vscale(VARIABILITY)) {
+	case LOW:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .4 -ad 32");
+		break;
+	case MEDIUM:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .3 -ad 64");
+		break;
+	case HIGH:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .25 -ad 128");
+		break;
+	}
+	op = addarg(op, "-as 0");
+	d = ambval();
+	sprintf(op, " -av %.2g %.2g %.2g", d, d, d);
+	op += strlen(op);
+	op = addarg(op, "-lr 3 -lw .02");
 	if (vdef(RENDER))
 		op = addarg(op, vval(RENDER));
 }
 
 
-medqopts(ro)				/* medium quality rendering options */
-char	*ro;
+medqopts(op)				/* medium quality rendering options */
+register char	*op;
 {
-	register char	*op = ro;
+	double	d, org[3], siz[3];
 
 	*op = '\0';
+	if (sscanf(vval(ZONE), "%*s %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf", &org[0],
+			&siz[0], &org[1], &siz[1], &org[2], &siz[2]) != 6)
+		badvalue(ZONE);
+	siz[0] -= org[0]; siz[1] -= org[1]; siz[2] -= org[2];
+	getoctcube(org, &d);
+	d *= 3./(siz[0]+siz[1]+siz[2]);
+	switch (vscale(DETAIL)) {
+	case LOW:
+		op = addarg(op, vbool(PENUMBRAS) ? "-ps 4" : "-ps 8");
+		op = addarg(op, "-dp 64");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(8*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	case MEDIUM:
+		op = addarg(op, vbool(PENUMBRAS) ? "-ps 3" : "-ps 6");
+		op = addarg(op, "-dp 128");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(16*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	case HIGH:
+		op = addarg(op, vbool(PENUMBRAS) ? "-ps 2" : "-ps 4");
+		op = addarg(op, "-dp 256");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(32*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	}
+	op = addarg(op, "-pt .08");
+	if (vbool(PENUMBRAS))
+		op = addarg(op, "-ds .2 -dj .35");
+	else
+		op = addarg(op, "-ds .3");
+	op = addarg(op, "-dt .1 -dc .5 -dr 1 -sj .7 -st .15");
+	if (overture = vint(INDIRECT)) {
+		sprintf(op, " -ab %d", overture);
+		op += strlen(op);
+	}
+	if (vdef(AMBFILE)) {
+		sprintf(op, " -af %s", vval(AMBFILE));
+		op += strlen(op);
+	} else
+		overture = 0;
+	switch (vscale(VARIABILITY)) {
+	case LOW:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .25 -ad 128 -as 0");
+		break;
+	case MEDIUM:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .2 -ad 300 -as 64");
+		break;
+	case HIGH:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .15 -ad 500 -as 128");
+		break;
+	}
+	d = ambval();
+	sprintf(op, " -av %.2g %.2g %.2g", d, d, d);
+	op += strlen(op);
+	op = addarg(op, "-lr 6 -lw .002");
 	if (vdef(RENDER))
 		op = addarg(op, vval(RENDER));
 }
 
 
-hiqopts(ro)				/* high quality rendering options */
-char	*ro;
+hiqopts(op)				/* high quality rendering options */
+register char	*op;
 {
-	register char	*op = ro;
+	double	d, org[3], siz[3];
 
 	*op = '\0';
+	if (sscanf(vval(ZONE), "%*s %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf", &org[0],
+			&siz[0], &org[1], &siz[1], &org[2], &siz[2]) != 6)
+		badvalue(ZONE);
+	siz[0] -= org[0]; siz[1] -= org[1]; siz[2] -= org[2];
+	getoctcube(org, &d);
+	d *= 3./(siz[0]+siz[1]+siz[2]);
+	switch (vscale(DETAIL)) {
+	case LOW:
+		op = addarg(op, vbool(PENUMBRAS) ? "-ps 1" : "-ps 8");
+		op = addarg(op, "-dp 256");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(16*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	case MEDIUM:
+		op = addarg(op, vbool(PENUMBRAS) ? "-ps 1" : "-ps 5");
+		op = addarg(op, "-dp 512");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(32*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	case HIGH:
+		op = addarg(op, vbool(PENUMBRAS) ? "-ps 1" : "-ps 3");
+		op = addarg(op, "-dp 1024");
+		sprintf(op, " -ar %d", (int)(64*d));
+		op += strlen(op);
+		break;
+	}
+	op = addarg(op, "-pt .04");
+	if (vbool(PENUMBRAS))
+		op = addarg(op, "-ds .1 -dj .7");
+	else
+		op = addarg(op, "-ds .2");
+	op = addarg(op, "-dt .05 -dc .75 -dr 3 -sj 1 -st .03");
+	sprintf(op, " -ab %d", overture=vint(INDIRECT)+1);
+	op += strlen(op);
+	if (vdef(AMBFILE)) {
+		sprintf(op, " -af %s", vval(AMBFILE));
+		op += strlen(op);
+	} else
+		overture = 0;
+	switch (vscale(VARIABILITY)) {
+	case LOW:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .15 -ad 200 -as 0");
+		break;
+	case MEDIUM:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .125 -ad 512 -as 128");
+		break;
+	case HIGH:
+		op = addarg(op, "-aa .08 -ad 850 -as 256");
+		break;
+	}
+	d = ambval();
+	sprintf(op, " -av %.2g %.2g %.2g", d, d, d);
+	op += strlen(op);
+	op = addarg(op, "-lr 12 -lw .0005");
 	if (vdef(RENDER))
 		op = addarg(op, vval(RENDER));
 }
@@ -583,35 +789,26 @@ xferopts(ro)				/* transfer options if indicated */
 char	*ro;
 {
 	int	fd, n;
+	register char	*cp;
 	
 	n = strlen(ro);
 	if (n < 2)
 		return;
 	if (vdef(OPTFILE)) {
-		if ((fd = open(vval(OPTFILE), O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666)) == -1) {
-			perror(vval(OPTFILE));
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		if (write(fd, ro+1, n-1) != n-1) {
-			perror(vval(OPTFILE));
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		write(fd, "\n", 1);
-		close(fd);
-		ro[0] = ' ';
-		ro[1] = '^';
-		strcpy(ro+2, vval(OPTFILE));
+		for (cp = ro; cp[1]; cp++)
+			if (isspace(cp[1]) && cp[2] == '-' && isalpha(cp[3]))
+				*cp = '\n';
+			else
+				*cp = cp[1];
+		*cp = '\n';
+		fd = open(vval(OPTFILE), O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666);
+		if (fd < 0 || write(fd, ro, n) != n || close(fd) < 0)
+			syserr(vval(OPTFILE));
+		sprintf(ro, " \"^%s\"", vval(OPTFILE));
 	}
 #ifdef MSDOS
 	else if (n > 50) {
-		register char	*evp = bmalloc(n+6);
-		if (evp == NULL) {
-			perror(progname);
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		strcpy(evp, "ROPT=");
-		strcat(evp, ro);
-		putenv(evp);
+		setenv("ROPT", ro+1);
 		strcpy(ro, " $ROPT");
 	}
 #endif
@@ -626,8 +823,14 @@ register char	*po;
 		po = addarg(po, "-1 -e");
 		po = addarg(po, vval(EXPOSURE));
 	}
-	if (vscale(QUALITY) == HIGH)
-		po = addarg(po, "-r .65");
+	switch (vscale(QUALITY)) {
+	case MEDIUM:
+		po = addarg(po, "-r 1");
+		break;
+	case HIGH:
+		po = addarg(po, "-m .15");
+		break;
+	}
 	if (vdef(PFILT))
 		po = addarg(po, vval(PFILT));
 }
@@ -649,17 +852,29 @@ char *
 specview(vs)				/* get proper view spec from vs */
 register char	*vs;
 {
+	static char	vup[7][12] = {"-vu 0 0 -1","-vu 0 -1 0","-vu -1 0 0",
+			"-vu 0 0 1", "-vu 1 0 0","-vu 0 1 0","-vu 0 0 1"};
 	static char	viewopts[128];
 	register char	*cp;
-	int	xpos, ypos, zpos, viewtype;
-	int	exterior;
+	int	xpos, ypos, zpos, viewtype, upax;
+	register int	i;
 	double	cent[3], dim[3], mult, d;
 
 	if (vs == NULL || *vs == '-')
 		return(vs);
+	upax = 0;			/* get the up vector */
+	if (vdef(UP)) {
+		if (vval(UP)[0] == '-' || vval(UP)[0] == '+')
+			upax = 1-'X'+UPPER(vval(UP)[1]);
+		else
+			upax = 1-'X'+vlet(UP);
+		if (upax < 1 | upax > 3)
+			badvalue(UP);
+		if (vval(UP)[0] == '-')
+			upax = -upax;
+	}
 					/* check standard view names */
 	xpos = ypos = zpos = 0;
-	viewtype = 0;
 	if (*vs == 'X') {
 		xpos = 1; vs++;
 	} else if (*vs == 'x') {
@@ -675,55 +890,47 @@ register char	*vs;
 	} else if (*vs == 'z') {
 		zpos = -1; vs++;
 	}
+	viewtype = 'v';
 	if (*vs == 'v' | *vs == 'l' | *vs == 'a' | *vs == 'h')
 		viewtype = *vs++;
-	else if (!*vs || isspace(*vs))
-		viewtype = 'v';
 	cp = viewopts;
-	if (viewtype && (xpos|ypos|zpos)) {	/* got standard view */
+	if ((!*vs || isspace(*vs)) && (xpos|ypos|zpos)) {	/* got one! */
 		*cp++ = '-'; *cp++ = 'v'; *cp++ = 't'; *cp++ = viewtype;
 		if (sscanf(vval(ZONE), "%*s %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
 				&cent[0], &dim[0], &cent[1], &dim[1],
-				&cent[2], &dim[2]) != 6) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: bad zone specification\n",
-					progname);
-			exit(1);
+				&cent[2], &dim[2]) != 6)
+			badvalue(ZONE);
+		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+			dim[i] -= cent[i];
+			cent[i] += .5*dim[i];
 		}
-		dim[0] -= cent[0];
-		dim[1] -= cent[1];
-		dim[2] -= cent[2];
-		exterior = vlet(ZONE) == 'E';
-		mult = exterior ? 2. : .45 ;
+		mult = vlet(ZONE)=='E' ? 2. : .45 ;
 		sprintf(cp, " -vp %.2g %.2g %.2g -vd %.2g %.2g %.2g",
 				cent[0]+xpos*mult*dim[0],
 				cent[1]+ypos*mult*dim[1],
 				cent[2]+zpos*mult*dim[2],
 				-xpos*dim[0], -ypos*dim[1], -zpos*dim[2]);
 		cp += strlen(cp);
-		switch (vlet(UP)) {
-		case 'Z':
-			if (xpos|ypos) {
-				cp = addarg(cp, "-vu 0 0 1");
-				break;
-			}
-		/* fall through */
-		case 'Y':
-			if (xpos|zpos) {
-				cp = addarg(cp, "-vu 0 1 0");
-				break;
-			}
-		/* fall through */
-		case 'X':
-			if (ypos|zpos)
-				cp = addarg(cp, "-vu 1 0 0");
-			else
-				cp = addarg(cp, "-vu 0 0 1");
+					/* redirect up axis if necessary */
+		switch (upax) {
+		case 3:			/* plus or minus Z axis */
+		case -3:
+		case 0:
+			if (!(xpos|ypos))
+				upax = 2;
 			break;
-		default:
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: illegal value for variable '%s'\n",
-					progname, vnam(UP));
-			exit(1);
+		case 2:			/* plus or minus Y axis */
+		case -2:
+			if (!(xpos|zpos))
+				upax = 1;
+			break;
+		case 1:			/* plus or minus X axis */
+		case -1:
+			if (!(ypos|zpos))
+				upax = 3;
+			break;
 		}
+		cp = addarg(cp, vup[upax+3]);
 		switch (viewtype) {
 		case 'v':
 			cp = addarg(cp, "-vh 45 -vv 45");
@@ -738,12 +945,22 @@ register char	*vs;
 			cp = addarg(cp, "-vh 180 -vv 180");
 			break;
 		}
-	} else
-		while (*vs && !isspace(*vs))	/* else skip id */
-			vs++;
-					/* append any additional options */
-	while (isspace(*vs)) vs++;
-	strcpy(cp, vs);
+	} else {
+		while (!isspace(*vs))		/* else skip id */
+			if (!*vs++)
+				return(NULL);
+		if (upax) {			/* specify up vector */
+			strcpy(cp, vup[upax+3]);
+			cp += strlen(cp);
+		}
+	}
+	strcpy(cp, vs);			/* append any additional options */
+#ifdef MSDOS
+	if (strlen(viewopts) > 40) {
+		setenv("VIEW", viewopts);
+		return("$VIEW");
+	}
+#endif
 	return(viewopts);
 }
 
@@ -751,11 +968,11 @@ register char	*vs;
 char *
 getview(n, vn)				/* get view n, or NULL if none */
 int	n;
-char	*vn;
+char	*vn;		/* returned view name */
 {
-	register char	*mv;
+	register char	*mv = NULL;
 
-	if (viewselect != NULL) {
+	if (viewselect != NULL) {		/* command-line selected */
 		if (n)				/* only do one */
 			return(NULL);
 		if (viewselect[0] == '-') {	/* already specified */
@@ -774,13 +991,14 @@ char	*vn;
 				return(specview(mv));
 		return(specview(viewselect));	/* standard view? */
 	}
-	if (vn != NULL && (mv = nvalue(vv+VIEW, n)) != NULL) {
+	mv = nvalue(vv+VIEW, n);		/* use view n */
+	if (vn != NULL & mv != NULL) {
 		if (*mv != '-')
 			while (*mv && !isspace(*mv))
 				*vn++ = *mv++;
 		*vn = '\0';
 	}
-	return(specview(nvalue(vv+VIEW, n)));	/* use view n */
+	return(specview(mv));
 }
 
 
@@ -793,13 +1011,7 @@ char	*opts;
 	if (rvdevice != NULL)
 		sprintf(combuf+strlen(combuf), "-o %s ", rvdevice);
 	strcat(combuf, vval(OCTREE));
-	if (!silent) {			/* echo it */
-		printf("\t%s\n", combuf);
-		fflush(stdout);
-	}
-	if (noaction)
-		return;
-	if (system(combuf)) {		/* run it */
+	if (runcom(combuf)) {		/* run it */
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: error running rview\n", progname);
 		exit(1);
 	}
@@ -809,9 +1021,9 @@ char	*opts;
 rpict(opts)				/* run rpict and pfilt for each view */
 char	*opts;
 {
-	char	combuf[512];
-	char	rawfile[MAXPATH], picfile[MAXPATH], rep[MAXPATH], res[32];
-	char	pfopts[64];
+	char	combuf[1024];
+	char	rawfile[MAXPATH], picfile[MAXPATH], rep[MAXPATH+16], res[32];
+	char	pfopts[128];
 	char	vs[32], *vw;
 	int	vn, mult;
 					/* get pfilt options */
@@ -829,11 +1041,8 @@ char	*opts;
 		else if (n) {
 			if (n == 1) yres = xres;
 			sprintf(res, "-x %d -y %d", mult*xres, mult*yres);
-		} else {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: bad value for variable '%s'\n",
-					progname, vnam(RESOLUTION));
-			exit(1);
-		}
+		} else
+			badvalue(RESOLUTION);
 	}
 	rep[0] = '\0';
 	if (vdef(REPORT)) {
@@ -844,11 +1053,8 @@ char	*opts;
 			sprintf(rep, " -t %d -e %s", (int)(minutes*60), rawfile);
 		else if (n == 1)
 			sprintf(rep, " -t %d", (int)(minutes*60));
-		else {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: bad value for variable '%s'\n",
-					progname, vnam(REPORT));
-			exit(1);
-		}
+		else
+			badvalue(REPORT);
 	}
 					/* do each view */
 	vn = 0;
@@ -857,11 +1063,11 @@ char	*opts;
 			sprintf(vs, "%d", vn);
 		sprintf(picfile, "%s_%s.pic", vval(PICTURE), vs);
 						/* check date on picture */
-		if (fdate(picfile) > octreedate)
+		if (fdate(picfile) >= octreedate)
 			continue;
 						/* build rpict command */
 		sprintf(rawfile, "%s_%s.raw", vval(PICTURE), vs);
-		if (fdate(rawfile) > octreedate)	/* recover */
+		if (fdate(rawfile) >= octreedate)	/* recover */
 			sprintf(combuf, "rpict%s%s -ro %s %s",
 					rep, opts, rawfile, vval(OCTREE));
 		else {
@@ -869,28 +1075,22 @@ char	*opts;
 				sprintf(combuf,
 				"rpict%s %s%s -x 64 -y 64 -ps 1 %s > %s",
 						rep, vw, opts,
-						vval(OCTREE), rawfile);
-				if (!silent) {
-					printf("\t%s\n", combuf);
-					fflush(stdout);
-				}
-				if (!noaction && system(combuf)) {
+						vval(OCTREE), overfile);
+				if (runcom(combuf)) {
 					fprintf(stderr,
-			"%s: error in overture for view %s\n\t%s removed\n",
-						progname, vs, rawfile);
-					unlink(rawfile);
+					"%s: error in overture for view %s\n",
+						progname, vs);
 					exit(1);
 				}
+#ifdef NIX
+				rmfile(overfile);
+#endif
 			}
 			sprintf(combuf, "rpict%s %s %s%s %s > %s",
 					rep, vw, res, opts,
 					vval(OCTREE), rawfile);
 		}
-		if (!silent) {			/* echo rpict command */
-			printf("\t%s\n", combuf);
-			fflush(stdout);
-		}
-		if (!noaction && system(combuf)) {	/* run rpict */
+		if (runcom(combuf)) {		/* run rpict */
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: error rendering view %s\n",
 					progname, vs);
 			exit(1);
@@ -902,11 +1102,7 @@ char	*opts;
 		else
 			sprintf(combuf, "pfilt%s %s > %s", pfopts,
 					rawfile, picfile);
-		if (!silent) {			/* echo pfilt command */
-			printf("\t%s\n", combuf);
-			fflush(stdout);
-		}
-		if (!noaction && system(combuf)) {	/* run pfilt */
+		if (runcom(combuf)) {		/* run pfilt */
 			fprintf(stderr,
 			"%s: error filtering view %s\n\t%s removed\n",
 					progname, vs, picfile);
@@ -914,13 +1110,70 @@ char	*opts;
 			exit(1);
 		}
 						/* remove raw file */
-		if (!silent)
+		rmfile(rawfile);
+	}
+}
+
+
+runcom(cs)			/* run command */
+char	*cs;
+{
+	if (!silent)		/* echo it */
+		printf("\t%s\n", cs);
+	if (noaction)
+		return(0);
+	fflush(stdout);		/* flush output and pass to shell */
+	return(system(cs));
+}
+
+
+rmfile(fn)			/* remove a file */
+char	*fn;
+{
+	if (!silent)
 #ifdef MSDOS
-			printf("\tdel %s\n", rawfile);
+		printf("\tdel %s\n", fn);
 #else
-			printf("\trm %s\n", rawfile);
+		printf("\trm -f %s\n", fn);
 #endif
-		if (!noaction)
-			unlink(rawfile);
+	if (noaction)
+		return(0);
+	return(unlink(fn));
+}
+
+
+#ifdef MSDOS
+setenv(vname, value)		/* set an environment variable */
+char	*vname, *value;
+{
+	register char	*evp;
+
+	evp = bmalloc(strlen(vname)+strlen(value)+2);
+	if (evp == NULL)
+		syserr(progname);
+	sprintf(evp, "%s=%s", vname, value);
+	if (putenv(evp) != 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of environment space\n", progname);
+		exit(1);
 	}
+	if (!silent)
+		printf("set %s\n", evp);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+badvalue(vc)			/* report bad variable value and exit */
+int	vc;
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: bad value for variable '%s'\n",
+			progname, vnam(vc));
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+
+syserr(s)			/* report a system error and exit */
+char	*s;
+{
+	perror(s);
+	exit(1);
 }