--- ray/src/rt/rv2.c	1989/03/03 18:34:33	1.3
+++ ray/src/rt/rv2.c	2003/07/21 22:30:19	2.42
@@ -1,85 +1,83 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 1987 Regents of the University of California */
-
 #ifndef lint
-static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL";
+static const char	RCSid[] = "$Id: rv2.c,v 2.42 2003/07/21 22:30:19 schorsch Exp $";
 #endif
-
 /*
  *  rv2.c - command routines used in tracing a view.
  *
- *     3/24/87
+ *  External symbols declared in rpaint.h
  */
 
-#include  "ray.h"
+#include "copyright.h"
 
-#include  "octree.h"
+#include  <ctype.h>
+#include  <string.h>
 
+#include  "platform.h"
+#include  "ray.h"
 #include  "otypes.h"
-
 #include  "rpaint.h"
 
-#include  <ctype.h>
+extern int  psample;			/* pixel sample size */
+extern double  maxdiff;			/* max. sample difference */
 
-#define  CTRL(c)	('c'-'@')
+#define  CTRL(c)	((c)-'@')
 
+#ifdef  SMLFLT
+#define  sscanvec(s,v)	(sscanf(s,"%f %f %f",v,v+1,v+2)==3)
+#else
+#define  sscanvec(s,v)	(sscanf(s,"%lf %lf %lf",v,v+1,v+2)==3)
+#endif
+
+extern char  rifname[128];		/* rad input file name */
+
 extern char  *progname;
+extern char  *octname;
 
 
+void
 getframe(s)				/* get a new frame */
 char  *s;
 {
-	int  x0, y0, x1, y1;
-
-	if (!strcmp("all", s)) {
-		pframe.l = pframe.d = 0;
-		pframe.r = ourview.hresolu;
-		pframe.u = ourview.vresolu;
-		pdepth = 0;
+	if (getrect(s, &pframe) < 0)
 		return;
-	}
-	if (sscanf(s, "%d %d %d %d", &x0, &y0, &x1, &y1) != 4) {
-		if (dev->getcur == NULL)
-			return;
-		(*dev->comout)("Pick first corner\n");
-		if ((*dev->getcur)(&x0, &y0) == ABORT)
-			return;
-		(*dev->comout)("Pick second corner\n");
-		if ((*dev->getcur)(&x1, &y1) == ABORT)
-			return;
-	}
-	if (x0 < x1) {
-		pframe.l = x0;
-		pframe.r = x1;
-	} else {
-		pframe.l = x1;
-		pframe.r = x0;
-	}
-	if (y0 < y1) {
-		pframe.d = y0;
-		pframe.u = y1;
-	} else {
-		pframe.d = y1;
-		pframe.u = y0;
-	}
-	if (pframe.l < 0) pframe.l = 0;
-	if (pframe.d < 0) pframe.d = 0;
-	if (pframe.r > ourview.hresolu) pframe.r = ourview.hresolu;
-	if (pframe.u > ourview.vresolu) pframe.u = ourview.vresolu;
 	pdepth = 0;
 }
 
 
+void
+getrepaint(s)				/* get area and repaint */
+char  *s;
+{
+	RECT  box;
+
+	if (getrect(s, &box) < 0)
+		return;
+	paintrect(&ptrunk, 0, 0, hresolu, vresolu, &box);
+}
+
+
+void
 getview(s)				/* get/show view parameters */
 char  *s;
 {
 	FILE  *fp;
 	char  buf[128];
-	char  *fname, *getpath();
+	char  *fname;
 	int  change = 0;
 	VIEW  nv;
 
+	while (isspace(*s))
+		s++;
+	if (*s == '-') {			/* command line parameters */
+		nv = ourview;
+		if (sscanview(&nv, s))
+			newview(&nv);
+		else
+			error(COMMAND, "bad view option(s)");
+		return;
+	}
 	if (sscanf(s, "%s", buf) == 1) {	/* write parameters to a file */
-		if ((fname = getpath(buf, NULL)) == NULL ||
+		if ((fname = getpath(buf, NULL, 0)) == NULL ||
 				(fp = fopen(fname, "a")) == NULL) {
 			sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open \"%s\"", buf);
 			error(COMMAND, errmsg);
@@ -87,14 +85,15 @@ char  *s;
 		}
 		fputs(progname, fp);
 		fprintview(&ourview, fp);
-		fputs("\n", fp);
+		fputs(sskip(s), fp);
+		putc('\n', fp);
 		fclose(fp);
 		return;
 	}
 	sprintf(buf, "view type (%c): ", ourview.type);
 	(*dev->comout)(buf);
-	(*dev->comin)(buf);
-	if (buf[0] == CTRL(C)) return;
+	(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+	if (buf[0] == CTRL('C')) return;
 	if (buf[0] && buf[0] != ourview.type) {
 		nv.type = buf[0];
 		change++;
@@ -103,67 +102,78 @@ char  *s;
 	sprintf(buf, "view point (%.6g %.6g %.6g): ",
 			ourview.vp[0], ourview.vp[1], ourview.vp[2]);
 	(*dev->comout)(buf);
-	(*dev->comin)(buf);
-	if (buf[0] == CTRL(C)) return;
-	if (sscanf(buf, "%lf %lf %lf", &nv.vp[0], &nv.vp[1], &nv.vp[2]) == 3)
+	(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+	if (buf[0] == CTRL('C')) return;
+	if (sscanvec(buf, nv.vp))
 		change++;
 	else
 		VCOPY(nv.vp, ourview.vp);
 	sprintf(buf, "view direction (%.6g %.6g %.6g): ",
 			ourview.vdir[0], ourview.vdir[1], ourview.vdir[2]);
 	(*dev->comout)(buf);
-	(*dev->comin)(buf);
-	if (buf[0] == CTRL(C)) return;
-	if (sscanf(buf,"%lf %lf %lf",&nv.vdir[0],&nv.vdir[1],&nv.vdir[2]) == 3)
+	(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+	if (buf[0] == CTRL('C')) return;
+	if (sscanvec(buf, nv.vdir))
 		change++;
 	else
 		VCOPY(nv.vdir, ourview.vdir);
 	sprintf(buf, "view up (%.6g %.6g %.6g): ",
 			ourview.vup[0], ourview.vup[1], ourview.vup[2]);
 	(*dev->comout)(buf);
-	(*dev->comin)(buf);
-	if (buf[0] == CTRL(C)) return;
-	if (sscanf(buf,"%lf %lf %lf",&nv.vup[0],&nv.vup[1],&nv.vup[2]) == 3)
+	(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+	if (buf[0] == CTRL('C')) return;
+	if (sscanvec(buf, nv.vup))
 		change++;
 	else
 		VCOPY(nv.vup, ourview.vup);
 	sprintf(buf, "view horiz and vert size (%.6g %.6g): ",
 			ourview.horiz, ourview.vert);
 	(*dev->comout)(buf);
-	(*dev->comin)(buf);
-	if (buf[0] == CTRL(C)) return;
+	(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+	if (buf[0] == CTRL('C')) return;
 	if (sscanf(buf, "%lf %lf", &nv.horiz, &nv.vert) == 2)
 		change++;
 	else {
 		nv.horiz = ourview.horiz; nv.vert = ourview.vert;
 	}
-	sprintf(buf, "x and y resolution (%d %d): ",
-			ourview.hresolu, ourview.vresolu);
+	sprintf(buf, "fore and aft clipping plane (%.6g %.6g): ",
+			ourview.vfore, ourview.vaft);
 	(*dev->comout)(buf);
-	(*dev->comin)(buf);
-	if (buf[0] == CTRL(C)) return;
-	if (sscanf(buf, "%d %d", &nv.hresolu, &nv.vresolu) == 2)
+	(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+	if (buf[0] == CTRL('C')) return;
+	if (sscanf(buf, "%lf %lf", &nv.vfore, &nv.vaft) == 2)
 		change++;
 	else {
-		nv.hresolu = ourview.hresolu; nv.vresolu = ourview.vresolu;
+		nv.vfore = ourview.vfore; nv.vaft = ourview.vaft;
 	}
+	sprintf(buf, "view shift and lift (%.6g %.6g): ",
+			ourview.hoff, ourview.voff);
+	(*dev->comout)(buf);
+	(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+	if (buf[0] == CTRL('C')) return;
+	if (sscanf(buf, "%lf %lf", &nv.hoff, &nv.voff) == 2)
+		change++;
+	else {
+		nv.hoff = ourview.hoff; nv.voff = ourview.voff;
+	}
 	if (change)
 		newview(&nv);
 }
 
 
+void
 lastview(s)				/* return to a previous view */
 char  *s;
 {
 	char  buf[128];
-	char  *fname, *getpath();
+	char  *fname;
 	int  success;
 	VIEW  nv;
 
 	if (sscanf(s, "%s", buf) == 1) {	/* get parameters from a file */
-		bcopy(&stdview, &nv, sizeof(VIEW));
-		if ((fname = getpath(buf, NULL)) == NULL ||
-				(success = viewfile(fname, &nv)) == -1) {
+		nv = stdview;
+		if ((fname = getpath(buf, "", R_OK)) == NULL ||
+				(success = viewfile(fname, &nv, NULL)) == -1) {
 			sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open \"%s\"", buf);
 			error(COMMAND, errmsg);
 			return;
@@ -174,89 +184,117 @@ char  *s;
 			newview(&nv);
 		return;
 	}
-	if (oldview.hresolu == 0) {	/* no old view! */
+	if (oldview.type == 0) {	/* no old view! */
 		error(COMMAND, "no previous view");
 		return;
 	}
-	bcopy(&ourview, &nv, sizeof(VIEW));
-	bcopy(&oldview, &ourview, sizeof(VIEW));
-	bcopy(&nv, &oldview, sizeof(VIEW));
+	nv = ourview;
+	ourview = oldview;
+	oldview = nv;
 	newimage();
 }
 
 
-getinterest(s, direc, vec, mp)		/* get area of interest */
+void
+saveview(s)				/* save view to rad file */
 char  *s;
-int  direc;
-FVECT  vec;
-double  *mp;
 {
-	int  x, y;
-	RAY  thisray;
-	register int  i;
+	char  view[64];
+	char  *fname;
+	FILE  *fp;
 
-	if (sscanf(s, "%lf", mp) != 1)
-		*mp = 1.0;
-	else if (*mp < -FTINY)		/* negative zoom is reduction */
-		*mp = -1.0 / *mp;
-	else if (*mp <= FTINY) {	/* too small */
-		error(COMMAND, "illegal magnification");
-		return(-1);
-	}
-	if (sscanf(s, "%*lf %lf %lf %lf", &vec[0], &vec[1], &vec[2]) != 3) {
-		if (dev->getcur == NULL)
-			return(-1);
-		(*dev->comout)("Pick view center\n");
-		if ((*dev->getcur)(&x, &y) == ABORT)
-			return(-1);
-		rayview(thisray.rorg, thisray.rdir, &ourview, x+.5, y+.5);
-		if (!direc || ourview.type == VT_PAR) {
-			rayorigin(&thisray, NULL, PRIMARY, 1.0);
-			if (!localhit(&thisray, &thescene)) {
-				error(COMMAND, "not a local object");
-				return(-1);
-			}
+	if (*atos(view, sizeof(view), s)) {
+		if (isint(view)) {
+			error(COMMAND, "cannot write view by number");
+			return;
 		}
-		if (direc)
-			if (ourview.type == VT_PAR)
-				for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-					vec[i] = thisray.rop[i] - ourview.vp[i];
-			else
-				VCOPY(vec, thisray.rdir);
-		else
-			VCOPY(vec, thisray.rop);
-	} else if (direc)
-			for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-				vec[i] -= ourview.vp[i];
-	return(0);
+		s = sskip(s);
+	}
+	while (isspace(*s))
+		s++;
+	if (*s)
+		atos(rifname, sizeof(rifname), s);
+	else if (rifname[0] == '\0') {
+		error(COMMAND, "no previous rad file");
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((fname = getpath(rifname, NULL, 0)) == NULL ||
+			(fp = fopen(fname, "a")) == NULL) {
+		sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open \"%s\"", rifname);
+		error(COMMAND, errmsg);
+		return;
+	}
+	fputs("view= ", fp);
+	fputs(view, fp);
+	fprintview(&ourview, fp);
+	putc('\n', fp);
+	fclose(fp);
 }
 
 
+void
+loadview(s)				/* load view from rad file */
+char  *s;
+{
+	char  buf[512];
+	char  *fname;
+	FILE  *fp;
+	VIEW  nv;
+
+	strcpy(buf, "rad -n -s -V -v ");
+	if (sscanf(s, "%s", buf+strlen(buf)) == 1)
+		s = sskip(s);
+	else
+		strcat(buf, "1");
+	if (*s)
+		atos(rifname, sizeof(rifname), s);
+	else if (rifname[0] == '\0') {
+		error(COMMAND, "no previous rad file");
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((fname = getpath(rifname, "", R_OK)) == NULL) {
+		sprintf(errmsg, "cannot access \"%s\"", rifname);
+		error(COMMAND, errmsg);
+		return;
+	}
+	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), " %s", fname);
+	if ((fp = popen(buf, "r")) == NULL) {
+		error(COMMAND, "cannot run rad");
+		return;
+	}
+	buf[0] = '\0';
+	fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp);
+	pclose(fp);
+	nv = stdview;
+	if (!sscanview(&nv, buf)) {
+		error(COMMAND, "rad error -- no such view?");
+		return;
+	}
+	newview(&nv);
+}
+
+
+void
 getaim(s)				/* aim camera */
 char  *s;
 {
-	extern double  tan(), atan();
 	double  zfact;
 	VIEW  nv;
 
 	if (getinterest(s, 1, nv.vdir, &zfact) < 0)
 		return;
+	nv.type = ourview.type;
 	VCOPY(nv.vp, ourview.vp);
 	VCOPY(nv.vup, ourview.vup);
-	nv.hresolu = ourview.hresolu; nv.vresolu = ourview.vresolu;
-	if ((nv.type = ourview.type) == VT_PAR) {
-		nv.horiz = ourview.horiz / zfact;
-		nv.vert = ourview.vert / zfact;
-	} else {
-		nv.horiz = atan(tan(ourview.horiz*(PI/180./2.))/zfact) /
-				(PI/180./2.);
-		nv.vert = atan(tan(ourview.vert*(PI/180./2.))/zfact) /
-				(PI/180./2.);
-	}
+	nv.horiz = ourview.horiz; nv.vert = ourview.vert;
+	nv.vfore = ourview.vfore; nv.vaft = ourview.vaft;
+	nv.hoff = ourview.hoff; nv.voff = ourview.voff;
+	zoomview(&nv, zfact);
 	newview(&nv);
 }
 
 
+void
 getmove(s)				/* move camera */
 char  *s;
 {
@@ -265,67 +303,77 @@ char  *s;
 
 	if (getinterest(s, 0, vc, &mag) < 0)
 		return;
-	moveview(0.0, mag, vc);
+	moveview(0.0, 0.0, mag, vc);
 }
 
 
+void
 getrotate(s)				/* rotate camera */
 char  *s;
 {
-	extern double  normalize();
 	VIEW  nv;
 	FVECT  v1;
-	double  angle, elev;
+	double  angle, elev, zfact;
 	
-	elev = 0.0;
-	if (sscanf(s, "%lf %lf", &angle, &elev) < 1) {
+	elev = 0.0; zfact = 1.0;
+	if (sscanf(s, "%lf %lf %lf", &angle, &elev, &zfact) < 1) {
 		error(COMMAND, "missing angle");
 		return;
 	}
 	nv.type = ourview.type;
 	VCOPY(nv.vp, ourview.vp);
 	VCOPY(nv.vup, ourview.vup);
-	nv.horiz = ourview.horiz; nv.vert = ourview.vert;
-	nv.hresolu = ourview.hresolu; nv.vresolu = ourview.vresolu;
+	nv.hoff = ourview.hoff; nv.voff = ourview.voff;
+	nv.vfore = ourview.vfore; nv.vaft = ourview.vaft;
 	spinvector(nv.vdir, ourview.vdir, ourview.vup, angle*(PI/180.));
 	if (elev != 0.0) {
 		fcross(v1, nv.vdir, ourview.vup);
 		normalize(v1);
 		spinvector(nv.vdir, nv.vdir, v1, elev*(PI/180.));
 	}
+	nv.horiz = ourview.horiz; nv.vert = ourview.vert;
+	zoomview(&nv, zfact);
 	newview(&nv);
 }
 
 
+void
 getpivot(s)				/* pivot viewpoint */
 register char  *s;
 {
 	FVECT  vc;
-	double  angle, mag;
+	double  angle, elev, mag;
 
-	if (sscanf(s, "%lf", &angle) != 1) {
+	elev = 0.0;
+	if (sscanf(s, "%lf %lf", &angle, &elev) < 1) {
 		error(COMMAND, "missing angle");
 		return;
 	}
-	if (getinterest(sskip(s), 0, vc, &mag) < 0)
+	if (getinterest(sskip2(s,2), 0, vc, &mag) < 0)
 		return;
-	moveview(angle, mag, vc);
+	moveview(angle, elev, mag, vc);
 }
 
 
+void
 getexposure(s)				/* get new exposure */
 char  *s;
 {
-	double  atof(), pow(), fabs();
 	char  buf[128];
 	register char  *cp;
-	register PNODE  *p;
 	RECT  r;
 	int  x, y;
-	double  e;
+	register PNODE  *p = &ptrunk;
+	int  adapt = 0;
+	double  e = 1.0;
 
 	for (cp = s; isspace(*cp); cp++)
 		;
+	if (*cp == '@') {
+		adapt++;
+		while (isspace(*++cp))
+			;
+	}
 	if (*cp == '\0') {		/* normalize to point */
 		if (dev->getcur == NULL)
 			return;
@@ -333,9 +381,8 @@ char  *s;
 		if ((*dev->getcur)(&x, &y) == ABORT)
 			return;
 		r.l = r.d = 0;
-		r.r = ourview.hresolu; r.u = ourview.vresolu;
+		r.r = hresolu; r.u = vresolu;
 		p = findrect(x, y, &ptrunk, &r, -1);
-		e = 1.0;
 	} else {
 		if (*cp == '=') {	/* absolute setting */
 			p = NULL;
@@ -343,17 +390,14 @@ char  *s;
 			for (cp++; isspace(*cp); cp++)
 				;
 			if (*cp == '\0') {	/* interactive */
-				sprintf(buf, "exposure (%lf): ", exposure);
+				sprintf(buf, "exposure (%f): ", exposure);
 				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
+				(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
 				for (cp = buf; isspace(*cp); cp++)
 					;
 				if (*cp == '\0')
 					return;
 			}
-		} else {		/* normalize to average */
-			p = &ptrunk;
-			e = 1.0;
 		}
 		if (*cp == '+' || *cp == '-')	/* f-stops */
 			e *= pow(2.0, atof(cp));
@@ -361,11 +405,14 @@ char  *s;
 			e *= atof(cp);
 	}
 	if (p != NULL) {		/* relative setting */
-		if (intens(p->v) <= FTINY) {
+		if (bright(p->v) < 1e-15) {
 			error(COMMAND, "cannot normalize to zero");
 			return;
 		}
-		e *= 0.5 / intens(p->v);
+		if (adapt)
+			e *= 106./pow(1.219+pow(luminance(p->v)/exposure,.4),2.5)/exposure;
+		else
+			e *= 0.5 / bright(p->v);
 	}
 	if (e <= FTINY || fabs(1.0 - e) <= FTINY)
 		return;
@@ -374,182 +421,239 @@ char  *s;
 	redraw();
 }
 
+typedef union {int i; double d; COLOR C;}	*MyUptr;
 
-setparam(s)				/* get/set program parameter */
-register char  *s;
+int
+getparam(str, dsc, typ, p)		/* get variable from user */
+char  *str, *dsc;
+int  typ;
+void  *p;
 {
-	extern int  psample;
-	extern double  maxdiff;
-	extern double  minweight;
-	extern int  maxdepth;
-	extern double  dstrsrc;
-	extern COLOR  ambval;
-	extern double  ambacc;
-	extern double  minarad;
-	extern int  ambres;
-	extern int  ambdiv;
-	extern int  ambssamp;
-	extern int  ambounce;
+	register MyUptr  ptr = (MyUptr)p;
 	int  i0;
 	double  d0, d1, d2;
+	char  buf[48];
+
+	switch (typ) {
+	case 'i':			/* integer */
+		if (sscanf(str, "%d", &i0) != 1) {
+			(*dev->comout)(dsc);
+			sprintf(buf, " (%d): ", ptr->i);
+			(*dev->comout)(buf);
+			(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+			if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &i0) != 1)
+				return(0);
+		}
+		ptr->i = i0;
+		return(1);
+	case 'r':			/* real */
+		if (sscanf(str, "%lf", &d0) != 1) {
+			(*dev->comout)(dsc);
+			sprintf(buf, " (%.6g): ", ptr->d);
+			(*dev->comout)(buf);
+			(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+			if (sscanf(buf, "%lf", &d0) != 1)
+				return(0);
+		}
+		ptr->d = d0;
+		return(1);
+	case 'b':			/* boolean */
+		if (sscanf(str, "%1s", buf) != 1) {
+			(*dev->comout)(dsc);
+			sprintf(buf, "? (%c): ", ptr->i ? 'y' : 'n');
+			(*dev->comout)(buf);
+			(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+			if (buf[0] == '\0' ||
+					strchr("yY+1tTnN-0fF", buf[0]) == NULL)
+				return(0);
+		}
+		ptr->i = strchr("yY+1tT", buf[0]) != NULL;
+		return(1);
+	case 'C':			/* color */
+		if (sscanf(str, "%lf %lf %lf", &d0, &d1, &d2) != 3) {
+			(*dev->comout)(dsc);
+			sprintf(buf, " (%.6g %.6g %.6g): ",
+					colval(ptr->C,RED),
+					colval(ptr->C,GRN),
+					colval(ptr->C,BLU));
+			(*dev->comout)(buf);
+			(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+			if (sscanf(buf, "%lf %lf %lf", &d0, &d1, &d2) != 3)
+				return(0);
+		}
+		setcolor(ptr->C, d0, d1, d2);
+		return(1);
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+setparam(s)				/* get/set program parameter */
+register char  *s;
+{
 	char  buf[128];
 	
 	if (s[0] == '\0') {
-		(*dev->comout)("aa ab ad ar as av ds lr lw sd sp: ");
-		(*dev->comin)(buf);
+		(*dev->comout)(
+		"aa ab ad ar as av aw b dc dv dj ds dt i lr lw me ma mg ms ps pt sj st bv: ");
+		(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
 		s = buf;
 	}
 	switch (s[0]) {
 	case 'l':			/* limit */
 		switch (s[1]) {
 		case 'w':			/* weight */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%lf", &d0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "limit weight (%.6g): ",
-						minweight);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%lf", &d0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			minweight = d0;
+			getparam(s+2, "limit weight", 'r',
+					(void *)&minweight);
 			break;
 		case 'r':			/* reflection */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%d", &i0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "limit reflection (%d): ",
-						maxdepth);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &i0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			maxdepth = i0;
+			getparam(s+2, "limit reflection", 'i',
+					(void *)&maxdepth);
 			break;
 		default:
 			goto badparam;
 		}
 		break;
-	case 'd':			/* distribute source */
-		if (s[1] != 's')
+	case 'd':			/* direct */
+		switch (s[1]) {
+		case 'j':			/* jitter */
+			getparam(s+2, "direct jitter", 'r',
+					(void *)&dstrsrc);
+			break;
+		case 'c':			/* certainty */
+			getparam(s+2, "direct certainty", 'r',
+					(void *)&shadcert);
+			break;
+		case 't':			/* threshold */
+			getparam(s+2, "direct threshold", 'r',
+					(void *)&shadthresh);
+			break;
+		case 'v':			/* visibility */
+			getparam(s+2, "direct visibility", 'b',
+					(void *)&directvis);
+			break;
+		case 's':			/* sampling */
+			getparam(s+2, "direct sampling", 'r',
+					(void *)&srcsizerat);
+			break;
+		default:
 			goto badparam;
-		if (sscanf(s+2, "%lf", &d0) != 1) {
-			sprintf(buf, "distribute source (%.6g): ", dstrsrc);
-			(*dev->comout)(buf);
-			(*dev->comin)(buf);
-			if (sscanf(buf, "%lf", &d0) != 1)
-				break;
 		}
-		dstrsrc = d0;
 		break;
+	case 'b':			/* back faces or black and white */
+		switch (s[1]) {
+		case 'v':			/* back face visibility */
+			getparam(s+2, "back face visibility", 'b',
+					(void *)&backvis);
+			break;
+		case '\0':			/* black and white */
+		case ' ':
+		case 'y': case 'Y': case 't': case 'T': case '1': case '+':
+		case 'n': case 'N': case 'f': case 'F': case '0': case '-':
+			getparam(s+1, "black and white", 'b',
+					(void *)&greyscale);
+			break;
+		default:
+			goto badparam;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 'i':			/* irradiance */
+		getparam(s+1, "irradiance", 'b',
+				(void *)&do_irrad);
+		break;
 	case 'a':			/* ambient */
 		switch (s[1]) {
 		case 'v':			/* value */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%lf %lf %lf", &d0, &d1, &d2) != 3) {
-				sprintf(buf,
-					"ambient value (%.6g %.6g %.6g): ",
-						colval(ambval,RED),
-						colval(ambval,GRN),
-						colval(ambval,BLU));
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%lf %lf %lf",
-						&d0, &d1, &d2) != 3)
-					break;
-			}
-			setcolor(ambval, d0, d1, d2);
+			getparam(s+2, "ambient value", 'C',
+					(void *)ambval);
 			break;
+		case 'w':			/* weight */
+			getparam(s+2, "ambient value weight", 'i',
+					(void *)&ambvwt);
+			break;
 		case 'a':			/* accuracy */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%lf", &d0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "ambient accuracy (%.6g): ",
-						ambacc);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%lf", &d0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			ambacc = d0;
+			if (getparam(s+2, "ambient accuracy", 'r',
+					(void *)&ambacc))
+				setambacc(ambacc);
 			break;
 		case 'd':			/* divisions */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%d", &i0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "ambient divisions (%d): ",
-						ambdiv);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &i0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			ambdiv = i0;
+			getparam(s+2, "ambient divisions", 'i',
+					(void *)&ambdiv);
 			break;
 		case 's':			/* samples */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%d", &i0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "ambient super-samples (%d): ",
-						ambssamp);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &i0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			ambssamp = i0;
+			getparam(s+2, "ambient super-samples", 'i',
+					(void *)&ambssamp);
 			break;
 		case 'b':			/* bounces */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%d", &i0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "ambient bounces (%d): ",
-						ambounce);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &i0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			ambounce = i0;
+			getparam(s+2, "ambient bounces", 'i',
+					(void *)&ambounce);
 			break;
 		case 'r':
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%d", &i0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "ambient resolution (%d): ",
-						ambres);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &i0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			ambres = i0;
-			minarad = ambres > 0 ? thescene.cusize/ambres : 0.0;
+			if (getparam(s+2, "ambient resolution", 'i',
+					(void *)&ambres))
+				setambres(ambres);
 			break;
 		default:
 			goto badparam;
 		}
 		break;
-	case 's':			/* sample */
+	case 'm':			/* medium */
 		switch (s[1]) {
-		case 'p':			/* pixel */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%d", &i0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "sample pixel (%d): ", psample);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &i0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			psample = i0;
-			pdepth = 0;
+		case 'e':			/* extinction coefficient */
+			getparam(s+2, "extinction coefficient", 'C',
+					(void *)cextinction);
 			break;
-		case 'd':			/* difference */
-			if (sscanf(s+2, "%lf", &d0) != 1) {
-				sprintf(buf, "sample difference (%.6g): ",
-						maxdiff);
-				(*dev->comout)(buf);
-				(*dev->comin)(buf);
-				if (sscanf(buf, "%lf", &d0) != 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			maxdiff = d0;
-			pdepth = 0;
+		case 'a':			/* scattering albedo */
+			getparam(s+2, "scattering albedo", 'C',
+					(void *)salbedo);
 			break;
+		case 'g':			/* scattering eccentricity */
+			getparam(s+2, "scattering eccentricity", 'r',
+					(void *)&seccg);
+			break;
+		case 's':			/* sampling distance */
+			getparam(s+2, "mist sampling distance", 'r',
+					(void *)&ssampdist);
+			break;
 		default:
 			goto badparam;
 		}
 		break;
+	case 'p':			/* pixel */
+		switch (s[1]) {
+		case 's':			/* sample */
+			if (getparam(s+2, "pixel sample", 'i',
+					(void *)&psample))
+				pdepth = 0;
+			break;
+		case 't':			/* threshold */
+			if (getparam(s+2, "pixel threshold", 'r',
+					(void *)&maxdiff))
+				pdepth = 0;
+			break;
+		default:
+			goto badparam;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 's':			/* specular */
+		switch (s[1]) {
+		case 'j':			/* jitter */
+			getparam(s+2, "specular jitter", 'r',
+					(void *)&specjitter);
+			break;
+		case 't':			/* threshold */
+			getparam(s+2, "specular threshold", 'r',
+					(void *)&specthresh);
+			break;
+		default:
+			goto badparam;
+		}
+		break;
 	case '\0':			/* nothing */
 		break;
 	default:;
 badparam:
+		*sskip(s) = '\0';
 		sprintf(errmsg, "%s: unknown variable", s);
 		error(COMMAND, errmsg);
 		break;
@@ -557,25 +661,32 @@ badparam:
 }
 
 
+void
 traceray(s)				/* trace a single ray */
 char  *s;
 {
 	char  buf[128];
 	int  x, y;
+	OBJREC	*ino;
 	RAY  thisray;
 
-	if (sscanf(s, "%lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
-		&thisray.rorg[0], &thisray.rorg[1], &thisray.rorg[2],
-		&thisray.rdir[0], &thisray.rdir[1], &thisray.rdir[2]) != 6) {
+	thisray.rmax = 0.0;
 
+	if (!sscanvec(s, thisray.rorg) ||
+			!sscanvec(sskip2(s,3), thisray.rdir)) {
+
 		if (dev->getcur == NULL)
 			return;
 		(*dev->comout)("Pick ray\n");
 		if ((*dev->getcur)(&x, &y) == ABORT)
 			return;
 
-		rayview(thisray.rorg, thisray.rdir, &ourview, x+.5, y+.5);
-		
+		if ((thisray.rmax = viewray(thisray.rorg, thisray.rdir,
+			&ourview, (x+.5)/hresolu, (y+.5)/vresolu)) < -FTINY) {
+			error(COMMAND, "not on image");
+			return;
+		}
+
 	} else if (normalize(thisray.rdir) == 0.0) {
 		error(COMMAND, "zero ray direction");
 		return;
@@ -588,70 +699,96 @@ char  *s;
 	if (thisray.ro == NULL)
 		(*dev->comout)("ray hit nothing");
 	else {
-		sprintf(buf, "ray hit %s %s \"%s\"",
-				objptr(thisray.ro->omod)->oname,
+		sprintf(buf, "ray hit %s%s %s \"%s\"",
+				thisray.rod < 0.0 ? "back of " : "",
+				thisray.ro->omod == OVOID ? VOIDID :
+					objptr(thisray.ro->omod)->oname,
 				ofun[thisray.ro->otype].funame,
 				thisray.ro->oname);
+		if ((ino = objptr(thisray.robj)) != thisray.ro)
+			sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), " in %s \"%s\"",
+					ofun[ino->otype].funame, ino->oname);
 		(*dev->comout)(buf);
-		(*dev->comin)(buf);
+		(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
 		if (thisray.rot >= FHUGE)
 			(*dev->comout)("at infinity");
 		else {
-			sprintf(buf, "at (%.6g %.6g %.6g)", thisray.rop[0],
-					thisray.rop[1], thisray.rop[2]);
+			sprintf(buf, "at (%.6g %.6g %.6g) (%.6g)",
+					thisray.rop[0], thisray.rop[1],
+					thisray.rop[2], thisray.rt);
 			(*dev->comout)(buf);
 		}
-		(*dev->comin)(buf);
-		sprintf(buf, "with value (%.6g %.6g %.6g)",
+		(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
+		sprintf(buf, "value (%.5g %.5g %.5g) (%.3gL)",
 				colval(thisray.rcol,RED),
 				colval(thisray.rcol,GRN),
-				colval(thisray.rcol,BLU));
+				colval(thisray.rcol,BLU),
+				luminance(thisray.rcol));
 		(*dev->comout)(buf);
 	}
-	(*dev->comin)(buf);
+	(*dev->comin)(buf, NULL);
 }
 
 
+void
 writepict(s)				/* write the picture to a file */
 char  *s;
 {
 	static char  buf[128];
-	char  *fname, *getpath();
+	char  *fname;
 	FILE  *fp;
 	COLR  *scanline;
 	int  y;
 
-	if (sscanf(s, "%s", buf) != 1 && buf[0] == '\0') {
+	while (isspace(*s))
+		s++;
+	if (*s)
+		atos(buf, sizeof(buf), s);
+	else if (buf[0] == '\0') {
 		error(COMMAND, "no file");
 		return;
 	}
-	if ((fname = getpath(buf, NULL)) == NULL ||
+	if ((fname = getpath(buf, NULL, 0)) == NULL ||
 			(fp = fopen(fname, "w")) == NULL) {
 		sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open \"%s\"", buf);
 		error(COMMAND, errmsg);
 		return;
 	}
+	SET_FILE_BINARY(fp);
 	(*dev->comout)("writing \"");
 	(*dev->comout)(fname);
 	(*dev->comout)("\"...\n");
 						/* write header */
+	newheader("RADIANCE", fp);
 	fputs(progname, fp);
 	fprintview(&ourview, fp);
-	fputs("\n", fp);
+	if (octname != NULL)
+		fprintf(fp, " %s\n", octname);
+	else
+		putc('\n', fp);
+	fprintf(fp, "SOFTWARE= %s\n", VersionID);
+	fputnow(fp);
 	if (exposure != 1.0)
-		fprintf(fp, "EXPOSURE=%e\n", exposure);
-	fprintf(fp, "\n-Y %d +X %d\n", ourview.vresolu, ourview.hresolu);
+		fputexpos(exposure, fp);
+	if (dev->pixaspect != 1.0)
+		fputaspect(dev->pixaspect, fp);
+	fputformat(COLRFMT, fp);
+	putc('\n', fp);
+	fprtresolu(hresolu, vresolu, fp);
 
-	scanline = (COLR *)malloc(ourview.hresolu*sizeof(COLR));
-	if (scanline == NULL)
-		error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in writepict");
-	for (y = ourview.vresolu-1; y >= 0; y--) {
-		getpictcolrs(y, scanline, &ptrunk,
-				ourview.hresolu, ourview.vresolu);
-		if (fwritecolrs(scanline, ourview.hresolu, fp) < 0)
+	scanline = (COLR *)malloc(hresolu*sizeof(COLR));
+	if (scanline == NULL) {
+		error(COMMAND, "not enough memory!");
+		fclose(fp);
+		unlink(fname);
+		return;
+	}
+	for (y = vresolu-1; y >= 0; y--) {
+		getpictcolrs(y, scanline, &ptrunk, hresolu, vresolu);
+		if (fwritecolrs(scanline, hresolu, fp) < 0)
 			break;
 	}
+	free((void *)scanline);
 	if (fclose(fp) < 0)
 		error(COMMAND, "write error");
-	free((char *)scanline);
 }