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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/rpict.c
Revision: 2.41
Committed: Fri Dec 8 18:49:20 1995 UTC (28 years, 4 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.40: +6 -1 lines
Log Message:
added M_MIST (mist) material and global participating medium

File Contents

# Content
1 /* Copyright (c) 1995 Regents of the University of California */
2
3 #ifndef lint
4 static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL";
5 #endif
6
7 /*
8 * rpict.c - routines and variables for picture generation.
9 *
10 * 8/14/85
11 */
12
13 #include "ray.h"
14
15 #include <sys/types.h>
16
17 #ifndef NIX
18 #ifdef BSD
19 #include <sys/time.h>
20 #include <sys/resource.h>
21 #else
22 #include <sys/times.h>
23 #include <sys/utsname.h>
24 #include <unistd.h>
25 #endif
26 #endif
27
28 extern time_t time();
29
30 #include <signal.h>
31
32 #include "view.h"
33
34 #include "resolu.h"
35
36 #include "random.h"
37
38 #include "paths.h"
39
40 #define RFTEMPLATE "rfXXXXXX"
41
42 #ifndef SIGCONT
43 #define SIGCONT SIGIO
44 #endif
45
46 int dimlist[MAXDIM]; /* sampling dimensions */
47 int ndims = 0; /* number of sampling dimensions */
48 int samplendx; /* sample index number */
49
50 VIEW ourview = STDVIEW; /* view parameters */
51 int hresolu = 512; /* horizontal resolution */
52 int vresolu = 512; /* vertical resolution */
53 double pixaspect = 1.0; /* pixel aspect ratio */
54
55 int psample = 4; /* pixel sample size */
56 double maxdiff = .05; /* max. difference for interpolation */
57 double dstrpix = 0.67; /* square pixel distribution */
58
59 double dstrsrc = 0.0; /* square source distribution */
60 double shadthresh = .05; /* shadow threshold */
61 double shadcert = .5; /* shadow certainty */
62 int directrelay = 1; /* number of source relays */
63 int vspretest = 512; /* virtual source pretest density */
64 int directvis = 1; /* sources visible? */
65 double srcsizerat = .25; /* maximum ratio source size/dist. */
66
67 COLOR cextinction = BLKCOLOR; /* global extinction coefficient */
68 double salbedo = 0.; /* global scattering albedo */
69 double seccg = 0.; /* global scattering eccentricity */
70 double ssampdist = 0.; /* scatter sampling distance */
71
72 double specthresh = .15; /* specular sampling threshold */
73 double specjitter = 1.; /* specular sampling jitter */
74
75 int backvis = 1; /* back face visibility */
76
77 int maxdepth = 6; /* maximum recursion depth */
78 double minweight = 5e-3; /* minimum ray weight */
79
80 COLOR ambval = BLKCOLOR; /* ambient value */
81 double ambacc = 0.2; /* ambient accuracy */
82 int ambres = 32; /* ambient resolution */
83 int ambdiv = 128; /* ambient divisions */
84 int ambssamp = 0; /* ambient super-samples */
85 int ambounce = 0; /* ambient bounces */
86 char *amblist[128]; /* ambient include/exclude list */
87 int ambincl = -1; /* include == 1, exclude == 0 */
88
89 #ifdef MSDOS
90 int ralrm = 60; /* seconds between reports */
91 #else
92 int ralrm = 0; /* seconds between reports */
93 #endif
94
95 double pctdone = 0.0; /* percentage done */
96
97 time_t tlastrept = 0L; /* time at last report */
98
99 extern time_t tstart; /* starting time */
100
101 extern unsigned long nrays; /* number of rays traced */
102
103 #define MAXDIV 16 /* maximum sample size */
104
105 #define pixjitter() (.5+dstrpix*(.5-frandom()))
106
107 static int hres, vres; /* resolution for this frame */
108
109 extern char *mktemp();
110
111 double pixvalue();
112
113 #ifdef NIX
114 #define file_exists(f) (access(f,F_OK)==0)
115 #else
116 #include <sys/types.h>
117 #include <sys/stat.h>
118 int
119 file_exists(fname) /* ordinary file exists? */
120 char *fname;
121 {
122 struct stat sbuf;
123 if (stat(fname, &sbuf) < 0) return(0);
124 return((sbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG) != 0);
125 }
126 #endif
127
128
129 quit(code) /* quit program */
130 int code;
131 {
132 if (code) /* report status */
133 report();
134 headclean(); /* delete header file */
135 pfclean(); /* clean up persist files */
136 exit(code);
137 }
138
139
140 #ifndef NIX
141 report() /* report progress */
142 {
143 double u, s;
144 #ifdef BSD
145 char hostname[257];
146 struct rusage rubuf;
147 #else
148 struct tms tbuf;
149 struct utsname nambuf;
150 double period;
151 #define hostname nambuf.nodename
152 #endif
153
154 tlastrept = time((time_t *)NULL);
155 #ifdef BSD
156 getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &rubuf);
157 u = rubuf.ru_utime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_utime.tv_usec/1e6;
158 s = rubuf.ru_stime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_stime.tv_usec/1e6;
159 getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &rubuf);
160 u += rubuf.ru_utime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_utime.tv_usec/1e6;
161 s += rubuf.ru_stime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_stime.tv_usec/1e6;
162 gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));
163 #else
164 times(&tbuf);
165 #ifdef _SC_CLK_TCK
166 period = 1.0 / sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
167 #else
168 period = 1.0 / 60.0;
169 #endif
170 u = ( tbuf.tms_utime + tbuf.tms_cutime ) * period;
171 s = ( tbuf.tms_stime + tbuf.tms_cstime ) * period;
172 uname(&nambuf);
173 #endif
174
175 sprintf(errmsg,
176 "%lu rays, %4.2f%% after %.3fu %.3fs %.3fr hours on %s\n",
177 nrays, pctdone, u/3600., s/3600.,
178 (tlastrept-tstart)/3600., hostname);
179 eputs(errmsg);
180 #ifndef BSD
181 signal(SIGCONT, report);
182 #undef hostname
183 #endif
184 }
185 #else
186 report() /* report progress */
187 {
188 tlastrept = time((time_t *)NULL);
189 sprintf(errmsg, "%lu rays, %4.2f%% after %5.4f hours\n",
190 nrays, pctdone, (tlastrept-tstart)/3600.0);
191 eputs(errmsg);
192 }
193 #endif
194
195
196 rpict(seq, pout, zout, prvr) /* generate image(s) */
197 int seq;
198 char *pout, *zout, *prvr;
199 /*
200 * If seq is greater than zero, then we will render a sequence of
201 * images based on view parameter strings read from the standard input.
202 * If pout is NULL, then all images will be sent to the standard ouput.
203 * If seq is greater than zero and prvr is an integer, then it is the
204 * frame number at which rendering should begin. Preceeding view parameter
205 * strings will be skipped in the input.
206 * If pout and prvr are the same, prvr is renamed to avoid overwriting.
207 * Note that pout and zout should contain %d format specifications for
208 * sequenced file naming.
209 */
210 {
211 extern char *rindex(), *strncpy(), *strcat(), *strcpy();
212 char fbuf[128], fbuf2[128];
213 int npicts;
214 register char *cp;
215 RESOLU rs;
216 double pa;
217 /* check sampling */
218 if (psample < 1)
219 psample = 1;
220 else if (psample > MAXDIV) {
221 sprintf(errmsg, "pixel sampling reduced from %d to %d",
222 psample, MAXDIV);
223 error(WARNING, errmsg);
224 psample = MAXDIV;
225 }
226 /* get starting frame */
227 if (seq <= 0)
228 seq = 0;
229 else if (prvr != NULL && isint(prvr)) {
230 register int rn; /* skip to specified view */
231 if ((rn = atoi(prvr)) < seq)
232 error(USER, "recover frame less than start frame");
233 if (pout == NULL)
234 error(USER, "missing output file specification");
235 for ( ; seq < rn; seq++)
236 if (nextview(stdin) == EOF)
237 error(USER, "unexpected EOF on view input");
238 prvr = fbuf; /* mark for renaming */
239 }
240 if (pout != NULL & prvr != NULL) {
241 sprintf(fbuf, pout, seq);
242 if (!strcmp(prvr, fbuf)) { /* rename */
243 strcpy(fbuf2, fbuf);
244 for (cp = fbuf2; *cp; cp++)
245 ;
246 while (cp > fbuf2 && !ISDIRSEP(cp[-1]))
247 cp--;
248 strcpy(cp, RFTEMPLATE);
249 prvr = mktemp(fbuf2);
250 if (rename(fbuf, prvr) < 0)
251 if (errno == ENOENT) { /* ghost file */
252 sprintf(errmsg,
253 "new output file \"%s\"",
254 fbuf);
255 error(WARNING, errmsg);
256 prvr = NULL;
257 } else { /* serious error */
258 sprintf(errmsg,
259 "cannot rename \"%s\" to \"%s\"",
260 fbuf, prvr);
261 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
262 }
263 }
264 }
265 npicts = 0; /* render sequence */
266 do {
267 if (seq && nextview(stdin) == EOF)
268 break;
269 pctdone = 0.0;
270 if (pout != NULL) {
271 sprintf(fbuf, pout, seq);
272 if (file_exists(fbuf)) {
273 if (prvr != NULL || !strcmp(fbuf, pout)) {
274 sprintf(errmsg,
275 "output file \"%s\" exists",
276 fbuf);
277 error(USER, errmsg);
278 }
279 continue; /* don't clobber */
280 }
281 if (freopen(fbuf, "w", stdout) == NULL) {
282 sprintf(errmsg,
283 "cannot open output file \"%s\"", fbuf);
284 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
285 }
286 #ifdef MSDOS
287 setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY);
288 #endif
289 dupheader();
290 }
291 hres = hresolu; vres = vresolu; pa = pixaspect;
292 if (prvr != NULL)
293 if (viewfile(prvr, &ourview, &rs) <= 0
294 || rs.or != PIXSTANDARD) {
295 sprintf(errmsg,
296 "cannot recover view parameters from \"%s\"", prvr);
297 error(WARNING, errmsg);
298 } else {
299 pa = 0.0;
300 hres = scanlen(&rs);
301 vres = numscans(&rs);
302 }
303 if ((cp = setview(&ourview)) != NULL)
304 error(USER, cp);
305 normaspect(viewaspect(&ourview), &pa, &hres, &vres);
306 if (seq) {
307 if (ralrm > 0) {
308 fprintf(stderr, "FRAME %d:", seq);
309 fprintview(&ourview, stderr);
310 putc('\n', stderr);
311 fflush(stderr);
312 }
313 printf("FRAME=%d\n", seq);
314 }
315 fputs(VIEWSTR, stdout);
316 fprintview(&ourview, stdout);
317 putchar('\n');
318 if (pa < .99 || pa > 1.01)
319 fputaspect(pa, stdout);
320 fputformat(COLRFMT, stdout);
321 putchar('\n');
322 if (zout != NULL)
323 sprintf(cp=fbuf, zout, seq);
324 else
325 cp = NULL;
326 render(cp, prvr);
327 prvr = NULL;
328 npicts++;
329 } while (seq++);
330 /* check that we did something */
331 if (npicts == 0)
332 error(WARNING, "no output produced");
333 }
334
335
336 nextview(fp) /* get next view from fp */
337 FILE *fp;
338 {
339 char linebuf[256];
340
341 while (fgets(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), fp) != NULL)
342 if (isview(linebuf) && sscanview(&ourview, linebuf) > 0)
343 return(0);
344 return(EOF);
345 }
346
347
348 render(zfile, oldfile) /* render the scene */
349 char *zfile, *oldfile;
350 {
351 extern long lseek();
352 COLOR *scanbar[MAXDIV+1]; /* scanline arrays of pixel values */
353 float *zbar[MAXDIV+1]; /* z values */
354 char *sampdens; /* previous sample density */
355 int ypos; /* current scanline */
356 int ystep; /* current y step size */
357 int hstep; /* h step size */
358 int zfd;
359 COLOR *colptr;
360 float *zptr;
361 register int i;
362 /* allocate scanlines */
363 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++) {
364 scanbar[i] = (COLOR *)malloc(hres*sizeof(COLOR));
365 if (scanbar[i] == NULL)
366 goto memerr;
367 }
368 hstep = (psample*140+49)/99; /* quincunx sampling */
369 ystep = (psample*99+70)/140;
370 if (hstep > 2) {
371 i = hres/hstep + 2;
372 if ((sampdens = malloc(i)) == NULL)
373 goto memerr;
374 while (i--)
375 sampdens[i] = hstep;
376 } else
377 sampdens = NULL;
378 /* open z-file */
379 if (zfile != NULL) {
380 if ((zfd = open(zfile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666)) == -1) {
381 sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open z-file \"%s\"", zfile);
382 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
383 }
384 #ifdef MSDOS
385 setmode(zfd, O_BINARY);
386 #endif
387 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++) {
388 zbar[i] = (float *)malloc(hres*sizeof(float));
389 if (zbar[i] == NULL)
390 goto memerr;
391 }
392 } else {
393 zfd = -1;
394 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
395 zbar[i] = NULL;
396 }
397 /* write out boundaries */
398 fprtresolu(hres, vres, stdout);
399 /* recover file and compute first */
400 i = salvage(oldfile);
401 if (zfd != -1 && i > 0 &&
402 lseek(zfd, (long)i*hres*sizeof(float), 0) == -1)
403 error(SYSTEM, "z-file seek error in render");
404 pctdone = 100.0*i/vres;
405 if (ralrm > 0) /* report init stats */
406 report();
407 #ifndef BSD
408 else
409 #endif
410 signal(SIGCONT, report);
411 ypos = vres-1 - i;
412 fillscanline(scanbar[0], zbar[0], sampdens, hres, ypos, hstep);
413 /* compute scanlines */
414 for (ypos -= ystep; ypos > -ystep; ypos -= ystep) {
415 /* bottom adjust? */
416 if (ypos < 0) {
417 ystep += ypos;
418 ypos = 0;
419 }
420 colptr = scanbar[ystep]; /* move base to top */
421 scanbar[ystep] = scanbar[0];
422 scanbar[0] = colptr;
423 zptr = zbar[ystep];
424 zbar[ystep] = zbar[0];
425 zbar[0] = zptr;
426 /* fill base line */
427 fillscanline(scanbar[0], zbar[0], sampdens,
428 hres, ypos, hstep);
429 /* fill bar */
430 fillscanbar(scanbar, zbar, hres, ypos, ystep);
431 /* write it out */
432 #ifndef BSD
433 signal(SIGCONT, SIG_IGN); /* don't interrupt writes */
434 #endif
435 for (i = ystep; i > 0; i--) {
436 if (zfd != -1 && write(zfd, (char *)zbar[i],
437 hres*sizeof(float))
438 < hres*sizeof(float))
439 goto writerr;
440 if (fwritescan(scanbar[i], hres, stdout) < 0)
441 goto writerr;
442 }
443 if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
444 goto writerr;
445 /* record progress */
446 pctdone = 100.0*(vres-1-ypos)/vres;
447 if (ralrm > 0 && time((time_t *)NULL) >= tlastrept+ralrm)
448 report();
449 #ifndef BSD
450 else
451 signal(SIGCONT, report);
452 #endif
453 }
454 /* clean up */
455 signal(SIGCONT, SIG_IGN);
456 if (zfd != -1) {
457 if (write(zfd, (char *)zbar[0], hres*sizeof(float))
458 < hres*sizeof(float))
459 goto writerr;
460 if (close(zfd) == -1)
461 goto writerr;
462 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
463 free((char *)zbar[i]);
464 }
465 fwritescan(scanbar[0], hres, stdout);
466 if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
467 goto writerr;
468 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
469 free((char *)scanbar[i]);
470 if (sampdens != NULL)
471 free(sampdens);
472 pctdone = 100.0;
473 if (ralrm > 0)
474 report();
475 signal(SIGCONT, SIG_DFL);
476 return;
477 writerr:
478 error(SYSTEM, "write error in render");
479 memerr:
480 error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in render");
481 }
482
483
484 fillscanline(scanline, zline, sd, xres, y, xstep) /* fill scan at y */
485 register COLOR *scanline;
486 register float *zline;
487 register char *sd;
488 int xres, y, xstep;
489 {
490 static int nc = 0; /* number of calls */
491 int bl = xstep, b = xstep;
492 double z;
493 register int i;
494
495 z = pixvalue(scanline[0], 0, y);
496 if (zline) zline[0] = z;
497 /* zig-zag start for quincunx pattern */
498 for (i = ++nc & 1 ? xstep : xstep/2; i < xres-1+xstep; i += xstep) {
499 if (i >= xres) {
500 xstep += xres-1-i;
501 i = xres-1;
502 }
503 z = pixvalue(scanline[i], i, y);
504 if (zline) zline[i] = z;
505 if (sd) b = sd[0] > sd[1] ? sd[0] : sd[1];
506 if (i <= xstep)
507 b = fillsample(scanline, zline, 0, y, i, 0, b/2);
508 else
509 b = fillsample(scanline+i-xstep,
510 zline ? zline+i-xstep : (float *)NULL,
511 i-xstep, y, xstep, 0, b/2);
512 if (sd) *sd++ = nc & 1 ? bl : b;
513 bl = b;
514 }
515 if (sd && nc & 1) *sd = bl;
516 }
517
518
519 fillscanbar(scanbar, zbar, xres, y, ysize) /* fill interior */
520 register COLOR *scanbar[];
521 register float *zbar[];
522 int xres, y, ysize;
523 {
524 COLOR vline[MAXDIV+1];
525 float zline[MAXDIV+1];
526 int b = ysize;
527 register int i, j;
528
529 for (i = 0; i < xres; i++) {
530
531 copycolor(vline[0], scanbar[0][i]);
532 copycolor(vline[ysize], scanbar[ysize][i]);
533 if (zbar[0]) {
534 zline[0] = zbar[0][i];
535 zline[ysize] = zbar[ysize][i];
536 }
537
538 b = fillsample(vline, zbar[0] ? zline : (float *)NULL,
539 i, y, 0, ysize, b/2);
540
541 for (j = 1; j < ysize; j++)
542 copycolor(scanbar[j][i], vline[j]);
543 if (zbar[0])
544 for (j = 1; j < ysize; j++)
545 zbar[j][i] = zline[j];
546 }
547 }
548
549
550 int
551 fillsample(colline, zline, x, y, xlen, ylen, b) /* fill interior points */
552 register COLOR *colline;
553 register float *zline;
554 int x, y;
555 int xlen, ylen;
556 int b;
557 {
558 double ratio;
559 double z;
560 COLOR ctmp;
561 int ncut;
562 register int len;
563
564 if (xlen > 0) /* x or y length is zero */
565 len = xlen;
566 else
567 len = ylen;
568
569 if (len <= 1) /* limit recursion */
570 return(0);
571
572 if (b > 0
573 || (zline && 2.*fabs(zline[0]-zline[len]) > maxdiff*(zline[0]+zline[len]))
574 || bigdiff(colline[0], colline[len], maxdiff)) {
575
576 z = pixvalue(colline[len>>1], x + (xlen>>1), y + (ylen>>1));
577 if (zline) zline[len>>1] = z;
578 ncut = 1;
579
580 } else { /* interpolate */
581
582 copycolor(colline[len>>1], colline[len]);
583 ratio = (double)(len>>1) / len;
584 scalecolor(colline[len>>1], ratio);
585 if (zline) zline[len>>1] = zline[len] * ratio;
586 ratio = 1.0 - ratio;
587 copycolor(ctmp, colline[0]);
588 scalecolor(ctmp, ratio);
589 addcolor(colline[len>>1], ctmp);
590 if (zline) zline[len>>1] += zline[0] * ratio;
591 ncut = 0;
592 }
593 /* recurse */
594 ncut += fillsample(colline, zline, x, y, xlen>>1, ylen>>1, (b-1)/2);
595
596 ncut += fillsample(colline+(len>>1),
597 zline ? zline+(len>>1) : (float *)NULL,
598 x+(xlen>>1), y+(ylen>>1),
599 xlen-(xlen>>1), ylen-(ylen>>1), b/2);
600
601 return(ncut);
602 }
603
604
605 double
606 pixvalue(col, x, y) /* compute pixel value */
607 COLOR col; /* returned color */
608 int x, y; /* pixel position */
609 {
610 static RAY thisray;
611
612 if ((thisray.rmax = viewray(thisray.rorg, thisray.rdir, &ourview,
613 (x+pixjitter())/hres, (y+pixjitter())/vres)) < -FTINY) {
614 setcolor(col, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
615 return(0.0);
616 }
617
618 rayorigin(&thisray, NULL, PRIMARY, 1.0);
619
620 samplendx = pixnumber(x,y,hres,vres); /* set pixel index */
621
622 rayvalue(&thisray); /* trace ray */
623
624 copycolor(col, thisray.rcol); /* return color */
625
626 return(thisray.rt); /* return distance */
627 }
628
629
630 int
631 salvage(oldfile) /* salvage scanlines from killed program */
632 char *oldfile;
633 {
634 COLR *scanline;
635 FILE *fp;
636 int x, y;
637
638 if (oldfile == NULL)
639 goto gotzip;
640
641 if ((fp = fopen(oldfile, "r")) == NULL) {
642 sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open recover file \"%s\"", oldfile);
643 error(WARNING, errmsg);
644 goto gotzip;
645 }
646 #ifdef MSDOS
647 setmode(fileno(fp), O_BINARY);
648 #endif
649 /* discard header */
650 getheader(fp, NULL, NULL);
651 /* get picture size */
652 if (!fscnresolu(&x, &y, fp)) {
653 sprintf(errmsg, "bad recover file \"%s\" - not removed",
654 oldfile);
655 error(WARNING, errmsg);
656 fclose(fp);
657 goto gotzip;
658 }
659
660 if (x != hres || y != vres) {
661 sprintf(errmsg, "resolution mismatch in recover file \"%s\"",
662 oldfile);
663 error(USER, errmsg);
664 }
665
666 scanline = (COLR *)malloc(hres*sizeof(COLR));
667 if (scanline == NULL)
668 error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in salvage");
669 for (y = 0; y < vres; y++) {
670 if (freadcolrs(scanline, hres, fp) < 0)
671 break;
672 if (fwritecolrs(scanline, hres, stdout) < 0)
673 goto writerr;
674 }
675 if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
676 goto writerr;
677 free((char *)scanline);
678 fclose(fp);
679 unlink(oldfile);
680 return(y);
681 gotzip:
682 if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
683 error(SYSTEM, "error writing picture header");
684 return(0);
685 writerr:
686 sprintf(errmsg, "write error during recovery of \"%s\"", oldfile);
687 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
688 }
689
690
691 int
692 pixnumber(x, y, xres, yres) /* compute pixel index (brushed) */
693 register int x, y;
694 int xres, yres;
695 {
696 x -= y;
697 while (x < 0)
698 x += xres;
699 return((((x>>2)*yres + y) << 2) + (x & 3));
700 }