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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/rpict.c
Revision: 2.9
Committed: Fri Jul 10 19:29:50 1992 UTC (32 years, 3 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.8: +16 -17 lines
Log Message:
improved efficiency of view skipping slightly

File Contents

# Content
1 /* Copyright (c) 1992 Regents of the University of California */
2
3 #ifndef lint
4 static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL";
5 #endif
6
7 /*
8 * rpict.c - routines and variables for picture generation.
9 *
10 * 8/14/85
11 */
12
13 #include "ray.h"
14
15 #ifdef BSD
16 #include <sys/time.h>
17 #include <sys/resource.h>
18 #endif
19
20 #include <signal.h>
21 #include <fcntl.h>
22
23 #include "view.h"
24
25 #include "resolu.h"
26
27 #include "random.h"
28
29 int dimlist[MAXDIM]; /* sampling dimensions */
30 int ndims = 0; /* number of sampling dimensions */
31 int samplendx; /* sample index number */
32
33 VIEW ourview = STDVIEW; /* view parameters */
34 int hresolu = 512; /* horizontal resolution */
35 int vresolu = 512; /* vertical resolution */
36 double pixaspect = 1.0; /* pixel aspect ratio */
37
38 int psample = 4; /* pixel sample size */
39 double maxdiff = .05; /* max. difference for interpolation */
40 double dstrpix = 0.67; /* square pixel distribution */
41
42 double dstrsrc = 0.0; /* square source distribution */
43 double shadthresh = .05; /* shadow threshold */
44 double shadcert = .5; /* shadow certainty */
45 int directrelay = 1; /* number of source relays */
46 int vspretest = 512; /* virtual source pretest density */
47 int directinvis = 0; /* sources invisible? */
48 double srcsizerat = .25; /* maximum ratio source size/dist. */
49
50 double specthresh = .15; /* specular sampling threshold */
51 double specjitter = 1.; /* specular sampling jitter */
52
53 int maxdepth = 6; /* maximum recursion depth */
54 double minweight = 5e-3; /* minimum ray weight */
55
56 COLOR ambval = BLKCOLOR; /* ambient value */
57 double ambacc = 0.2; /* ambient accuracy */
58 int ambres = 32; /* ambient resolution */
59 int ambdiv = 128; /* ambient divisions */
60 int ambssamp = 0; /* ambient super-samples */
61 int ambounce = 0; /* ambient bounces */
62 char *amblist[128]; /* ambient include/exclude list */
63 int ambincl = -1; /* include == 1, exclude == 0 */
64
65 int ralrm = 0; /* seconds between reports */
66
67 double pctdone = 0.0; /* percentage done */
68
69 long tlastrept = 0L; /* time at last report */
70
71 extern long time();
72 extern long tstart; /* starting time */
73
74 extern long nrays; /* number of rays traced */
75
76 #define MAXDIV 16 /* maximum sample size */
77
78 #define pixjitter() (.5+dstrpix*(.5-frandom()))
79
80 #define RFTEMPLATE "rfXXXXXX"
81 #define HFTEMPLATE "/tmp/hfXXXXXX"
82
83 static char *hfname = NULL; /* header file name */
84 static FILE *hfp = NULL; /* header file pointer */
85
86 static int hres, vres; /* resolution for this frame */
87
88 extern char *mktemp();
89
90 double pixvalue();
91
92
93 quit(code) /* quit program */
94 int code;
95 {
96 if (code) /* report status */
97 report();
98 if (hfname != NULL) { /* delete header file */
99 if (hfp != NULL)
100 fclose(hfp);
101 unlink(hfname);
102 }
103 exit(code);
104 }
105
106
107 #ifdef BSD
108 report() /* report progress */
109 {
110 struct rusage rubuf;
111 double t;
112
113 getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &rubuf);
114 t = (rubuf.ru_utime.tv_usec + rubuf.ru_stime.tv_usec) / 1e6;
115 t += rubuf.ru_utime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_stime.tv_sec;
116 getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &rubuf);
117 t += (rubuf.ru_utime.tv_usec + rubuf.ru_stime.tv_usec) / 1e6;
118 t += rubuf.ru_utime.tv_sec + rubuf.ru_stime.tv_sec;
119
120 sprintf(errmsg, "%ld rays, %4.2f%% done after %5.4f CPU hours\n",
121 nrays, pctdone, t/3600.0);
122 eputs(errmsg);
123 tlastrept = time((long *)0);
124 }
125 #else
126 report() /* report progress */
127 {
128 tlastrept = time((long *)0);
129 sprintf(errmsg, "%ld rays, %4.2f%% done after %5.4f hours\n",
130 nrays, pctdone, (tlastrept-tstart)/3600.0);
131 eputs(errmsg);
132 signal(SIGALRM, report);
133 }
134 #endif
135
136
137 openheader() /* save standard output to header file */
138 {
139 hfname = mktemp(HFTEMPLATE);
140 if (freopen(hfname, "w", stdout) == NULL) {
141 sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open header file \"%s\"", hfname);
142 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
143 }
144 }
145
146
147 closeheader() /* done with header output */
148 {
149 if (hfname == NULL)
150 return;
151 if (fflush(stdout) == EOF || (hfp = fopen(hfname, "r")) == NULL)
152 error(SYSTEM, "error reopening header file");
153 }
154
155
156 dupheader() /* repeat header on standard output */
157 {
158 register int c;
159
160 if (fseek(hfp, 0L, 0) < 0)
161 error(SYSTEM, "seek error on header file");
162 while ((c = getc(hfp)) != EOF)
163 putchar(c);
164 }
165
166
167 rpict(seq, pout, zout, prvr) /* generate image(s) */
168 int seq;
169 char *pout, *zout, *prvr;
170 /*
171 * If seq is greater than zero, then we will render a sequence of
172 * images based on view parameter strings read from the standard input.
173 * If pout is NULL, then all images will be sent to the standard ouput.
174 * If seq is greater than zero and prvr is an integer, then it is the
175 * frame number at which rendering should begin. Preceeding view parameter
176 * strings will be skipped in the input.
177 * If pout and prvr are the same, prvr is renamed to avoid overwriting.
178 * Note that pout and zout should contain %d format specifications for
179 * sequenced file naming.
180 */
181 {
182 extern char *rindex(), *strncpy(), *strcat();
183 char fbuf[128], fbuf2[128];
184 register char *cp;
185 RESOLU rs;
186 double pa;
187 /* finished writing header */
188 closeheader();
189 /* check sampling */
190 if (psample < 1)
191 psample = 1;
192 else if (psample > MAXDIV) {
193 sprintf(errmsg, "pixel sampling reduced from %d to %d",
194 psample, MAXDIV);
195 error(WARNING, errmsg);
196 psample = MAXDIV;
197 }
198 /* get starting frame */
199 if (seq <= 0)
200 seq = 0;
201 else if (prvr != NULL && isint(prvr)) {
202 register int rn; /* skip to specified view */
203 if ((rn = atoi(prvr)) < seq)
204 error(USER, "recover frame less than start frame");
205 if (pout == NULL)
206 error(USER, "missing output file specification");
207 for ( ; seq < rn; seq++)
208 if (nextview(stdin) == EOF)
209 error(USER, "unexpected EOF on view input");
210 prvr = fbuf; /* mark for renaming */
211 }
212 if (pout != NULL) {
213 sprintf(fbuf, pout, seq);
214 if (!strcmp(prvr, fbuf)) { /* rename recover file */
215 fbuf2[0] = '\0';
216 if ((cp = rindex(fbuf, '/')) != NULL)
217 strncpy(fbuf2, fbuf, cp-fbuf+1);
218 strcat(fbuf2, RFTEMPLATE);
219 prvr = mktemp(fbuf2);
220 if (rename(fbuf, prvr) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
221 sprintf(errmsg,
222 "cannot rename \"%s\" to \"%s\"",
223 fbuf, prvr);
224 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
225 }
226 }
227 }
228 /* render sequence */
229 do {
230 if (seq && nextview(stdin) == EOF)
231 break;
232 if (pout != NULL) {
233 sprintf(fbuf, pout, seq);
234 if (freopen(fbuf, "w", stdout) == NULL) {
235 sprintf(errmsg,
236 "cannot open output file \"%s\"", fbuf);
237 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
238 }
239 dupheader();
240 }
241 hres = hresolu; vres = vresolu; pa = pixaspect;
242 if (prvr != NULL)
243 if (viewfile(prvr, &ourview, &rs) <= 0
244 || rs.or != PIXSTANDARD) {
245 sprintf(errmsg,
246 "cannot recover view parameters from \"%s\"", prvr);
247 error(WARNING, errmsg);
248 } else {
249 pa = 0.0;
250 hres = scanlen(&rs);
251 vres = numscans(&rs);
252 }
253 if ((cp = setview(&ourview)) != NULL)
254 error(USER, cp);
255 normaspect(viewaspect(&ourview), &pa, &hres, &vres);
256 if (seq) {
257 if (ralrm > 0) {
258 sprintf(errmsg, "starting frame %d\n", seq);
259 eputs(errmsg);
260 }
261 printf("FRAME=%d\n", seq);
262 }
263 fputs(VIEWSTR, stdout);
264 fprintview(&ourview, stdout);
265 putchar('\n');
266 if (pa < .99 || pa > 1.01)
267 fputaspect(pa, stdout);
268 fputformat(COLRFMT, stdout);
269 putchar('\n');
270 if (zout != NULL)
271 sprintf(cp=fbuf, zout, seq);
272 else
273 cp = NULL;
274 render(cp, prvr);
275 prvr = NULL;
276 } while (seq++);
277 }
278
279
280 nextview(fp) /* get next view from fp */
281 FILE *fp;
282 {
283 char linebuf[256];
284
285 while (fgets(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), fp) != NULL)
286 if (isview(linebuf) && sscanview(&ourview, linebuf) > 0)
287 return(0);
288 return(EOF);
289 }
290
291
292 render(zfile, oldfile) /* render the scene */
293 char *zfile, *oldfile;
294 {
295 extern long lseek();
296 COLOR *scanbar[MAXDIV+1]; /* scanline arrays of pixel values */
297 float *zbar[MAXDIV+1]; /* z values */
298 char *sampdens; /* previous sample density */
299 int ypos; /* current scanline */
300 int ystep; /* current y step size */
301 int hstep; /* h step size */
302 int zfd;
303 COLOR *colptr;
304 float *zptr;
305 register int i;
306 /* allocate scanlines */
307 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++) {
308 scanbar[i] = (COLOR *)malloc(hres*sizeof(COLOR));
309 if (scanbar[i] == NULL)
310 goto memerr;
311 }
312 hstep = (psample*140+49)/99; /* quincunx sampling */
313 ystep = (psample*99+70)/140;
314 if (hstep > 2) {
315 i = hres/hstep + 2;
316 if ((sampdens = malloc(i)) == NULL)
317 goto memerr;
318 while (i--)
319 sampdens[i] = hstep;
320 } else
321 sampdens = NULL;
322 /* open z file */
323 if (zfile != NULL) {
324 if ((zfd = open(zfile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666)) == -1) {
325 sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open z file \"%s\"", zfile);
326 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
327 }
328 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++) {
329 zbar[i] = (float *)malloc(hres*sizeof(float));
330 if (zbar[i] == NULL)
331 goto memerr;
332 }
333 } else {
334 zfd = -1;
335 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
336 zbar[i] = NULL;
337 }
338 /* write out boundaries */
339 fprtresolu(hres, vres, stdout);
340 /* recover file and compute first */
341 i = salvage(oldfile);
342 if (zfd != -1 && i > 0 &&
343 lseek(zfd, (long)i*hres*sizeof(float), 0) == -1)
344 error(SYSTEM, "z file seek error in render");
345 pctdone = 100.0*i/vres;
346 if (ralrm > 0) /* report init stats */
347 report();
348 #ifndef BSD
349 else
350 #endif
351 signal(SIGALRM, report);
352 ypos = vres-1 - i;
353 fillscanline(scanbar[0], zbar[0], sampdens, hres, ypos, hstep);
354 /* compute scanlines */
355 for (ypos -= ystep; ypos > -ystep; ypos -= ystep) {
356 /* bottom adjust? */
357 if (ypos < 0) {
358 ystep += ypos;
359 ypos = 0;
360 }
361 colptr = scanbar[ystep]; /* move base to top */
362 scanbar[ystep] = scanbar[0];
363 scanbar[0] = colptr;
364 zptr = zbar[ystep];
365 zbar[ystep] = zbar[0];
366 zbar[0] = zptr;
367 /* fill base line */
368 fillscanline(scanbar[0], zbar[0], sampdens,
369 hres, ypos, hstep);
370 /* fill bar */
371 fillscanbar(scanbar, zbar, hres, ypos, ystep);
372 /* write it out */
373 #ifndef BSD
374 signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN); /* don't interrupt writes */
375 #endif
376 for (i = ystep; i > 0; i--) {
377 if (zfd != -1 && write(zfd, (char *)zbar[i],
378 hres*sizeof(float))
379 < hres*sizeof(float))
380 goto writerr;
381 if (fwritescan(scanbar[i], hres, stdout) < 0)
382 goto writerr;
383 }
384 if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
385 goto writerr;
386 /* record progress */
387 pctdone = 100.0*(vres-1-ypos)/vres;
388 if (ralrm > 0 && time((long *)0) >= tlastrept+ralrm)
389 report();
390 #ifndef BSD
391 else
392 signal(SIGALRM, report);
393 #endif
394 }
395 /* clean up */
396 signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
397 if (zfd != -1) {
398 if (write(zfd, (char *)zbar[0], hres*sizeof(float))
399 < hres*sizeof(float))
400 goto writerr;
401 if (close(zfd) == -1)
402 goto writerr;
403 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
404 free((char *)zbar[i]);
405 }
406 fwritescan(scanbar[0], hres, stdout);
407 if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
408 goto writerr;
409 for (i = 0; i <= psample; i++)
410 free((char *)scanbar[i]);
411 if (sampdens != NULL)
412 free(sampdens);
413 pctdone = 100.0;
414 return;
415 writerr:
416 error(SYSTEM, "write error in render");
417 memerr:
418 error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in render");
419 }
420
421
422 fillscanline(scanline, zline, sd, xres, y, xstep) /* fill scan at y */
423 register COLOR *scanline;
424 register float *zline;
425 register char *sd;
426 int xres, y, xstep;
427 {
428 static int nc = 0; /* number of calls */
429 int bl = xstep, b = xstep;
430 double z;
431 register int i;
432
433 z = pixvalue(scanline[0], 0, y);
434 if (zline) zline[0] = z;
435 /* zig-zag start for quincunx pattern */
436 for (i = ++nc & 1 ? xstep : xstep/2; i < xres-1+xstep; i += xstep) {
437 if (i >= xres) {
438 xstep += xres-1-i;
439 i = xres-1;
440 }
441 z = pixvalue(scanline[i], i, y);
442 if (zline) zline[i] = z;
443 if (sd) b = sd[0] > sd[1] ? sd[0] : sd[1];
444 if (i <= xstep)
445 b = fillsample(scanline, zline, 0, y, i, 0, b/2);
446 else
447 b = fillsample(scanline+i-xstep,
448 zline ? zline+i-xstep : NULL,
449 i-xstep, y, xstep, 0, b/2);
450 if (sd) *sd++ = nc & 1 ? bl : b;
451 bl = b;
452 }
453 if (sd && nc & 1) *sd = bl;
454 }
455
456
457 fillscanbar(scanbar, zbar, xres, y, ysize) /* fill interior */
458 register COLOR *scanbar[];
459 register float *zbar[];
460 int xres, y, ysize;
461 {
462 COLOR vline[MAXDIV+1];
463 float zline[MAXDIV+1];
464 int b = ysize;
465 register int i, j;
466
467 for (i = 0; i < xres; i++) {
468
469 copycolor(vline[0], scanbar[0][i]);
470 copycolor(vline[ysize], scanbar[ysize][i]);
471 if (zbar[0]) {
472 zline[0] = zbar[0][i];
473 zline[ysize] = zbar[ysize][i];
474 }
475
476 b = fillsample(vline, zbar[0] ? zline : NULL,
477 i, y, 0, ysize, b/2);
478
479 for (j = 1; j < ysize; j++)
480 copycolor(scanbar[j][i], vline[j]);
481 if (zbar[0])
482 for (j = 1; j < ysize; j++)
483 zbar[j][i] = zline[j];
484 }
485 }
486
487
488 int
489 fillsample(colline, zline, x, y, xlen, ylen, b) /* fill interior points */
490 register COLOR *colline;
491 register float *zline;
492 int x, y;
493 int xlen, ylen;
494 int b;
495 {
496 extern double fabs();
497 double ratio;
498 double z;
499 COLOR ctmp;
500 int ncut;
501 register int len;
502
503 if (xlen > 0) /* x or y length is zero */
504 len = xlen;
505 else
506 len = ylen;
507
508 if (len <= 1) /* limit recursion */
509 return(0);
510
511 if (b > 0
512 || (zline && 2.*fabs(zline[0]-zline[len]) > maxdiff*(zline[0]+zline[len]))
513 || bigdiff(colline[0], colline[len], maxdiff)) {
514
515 z = pixvalue(colline[len>>1], x + (xlen>>1), y + (ylen>>1));
516 if (zline) zline[len>>1] = z;
517 ncut = 1;
518
519 } else { /* interpolate */
520
521 copycolor(colline[len>>1], colline[len]);
522 ratio = (double)(len>>1) / len;
523 scalecolor(colline[len>>1], ratio);
524 if (zline) zline[len>>1] = zline[len] * ratio;
525 ratio = 1.0 - ratio;
526 copycolor(ctmp, colline[0]);
527 scalecolor(ctmp, ratio);
528 addcolor(colline[len>>1], ctmp);
529 if (zline) zline[len>>1] += zline[0] * ratio;
530 ncut = 0;
531 }
532 /* recurse */
533 ncut += fillsample(colline, zline, x, y, xlen>>1, ylen>>1, (b-1)/2);
534
535 ncut += fillsample(colline+(len>>1), zline ? zline+(len>>1) : NULL,
536 x+(xlen>>1), y+(ylen>>1),
537 xlen-(xlen>>1), ylen-(ylen>>1), b/2);
538
539 return(ncut);
540 }
541
542
543 double
544 pixvalue(col, x, y) /* compute pixel value */
545 COLOR col; /* returned color */
546 int x, y; /* pixel position */
547 {
548 static RAY thisray;
549
550 if (viewray(thisray.rorg, thisray.rdir, &ourview,
551 (x+pixjitter())/hres, (y+pixjitter())/vres) < 0) {
552 setcolor(col, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
553 return(0.0);
554 }
555
556 rayorigin(&thisray, NULL, PRIMARY, 1.0);
557
558 samplendx = pixnumber(x,y,hres,vres); /* set pixel index */
559
560 rayvalue(&thisray); /* trace ray */
561
562 copycolor(col, thisray.rcol); /* return color */
563
564 return(thisray.rt); /* return distance */
565 }
566
567
568 int
569 salvage(oldfile) /* salvage scanlines from killed program */
570 char *oldfile;
571 {
572 COLR *scanline;
573 FILE *fp;
574 int x, y;
575
576 if (oldfile == NULL)
577 return(0);
578
579 if ((fp = fopen(oldfile, "r")) == NULL) {
580 sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open recover file \"%s\"", oldfile);
581 error(WARNING, errmsg);
582 return(0);
583 }
584 /* discard header */
585 getheader(fp, NULL);
586 /* get picture size */
587 if (!fscnresolu(&x, &y, fp)) {
588 sprintf(errmsg, "bad recover file \"%s\"", oldfile);
589 error(WARNING, errmsg);
590 fclose(fp);
591 return(0);
592 }
593
594 if (x != hres || y != vres) {
595 sprintf(errmsg, "resolution mismatch in recover file \"%s\"",
596 oldfile);
597 error(USER, errmsg);
598 }
599
600 scanline = (COLR *)malloc(hres*sizeof(COLR));
601 if (scanline == NULL)
602 error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in salvage");
603 for (y = 0; y < vres; y++) {
604 if (freadcolrs(scanline, hres, fp) < 0)
605 break;
606 if (fwritecolrs(scanline, hres, stdout) < 0)
607 goto writerr;
608 }
609 if (fflush(stdout) == EOF)
610 goto writerr;
611 free((char *)scanline);
612 fclose(fp);
613 unlink(oldfile);
614 return(y);
615 writerr:
616 sprintf(errmsg, "write error during recovery of \"%s\"", oldfile);
617 error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
618 }
619
620
621 int
622 pixnumber(x, y, xres, yres) /* compute pixel index (brushed) */
623 register int x, y;
624 int xres, yres;
625 {
626 x -= y;
627 while (x < 0)
628 x += xres;
629 return((((x>>2)*yres + y) << 2) + (x & 3));
630 }