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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.72
Committed: Tue Jan 9 05:01:15 2018 UTC (6 years, 4 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
CVS Tags: rad5R2
Changes since 2.71: +3 -9 lines
Log Message:
Made proximity test (plugaleak) more robust with transparent surfaces, etc.

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: raytrace.c,v 2.71 2016/05/16 17:32:10 greg Exp $";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13 #include "source.h"
14 #include "otypes.h"
15 #include "otspecial.h"
16 #include "random.h"
17 #include "pmap.h"
18
19 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
20
21 RNUMBER raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
22 RNUMBER nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
23
24 static RREAL Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
25 OBJREC Lamb = {
26 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
27 {NULL, Lambfa, 0, 5}, NULL
28 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
29
30 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
31
32 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
33
34 static int raymove(FVECT pos, OBJECT *cxs, int dirf, RAY *r, CUBE *cu);
35 static int checkhit(RAY *r, CUBE *cu, OBJECT *cxs);
36 static void checkset(OBJECT *os, OBJECT *cs);
37
38
39 int
40 rayorigin( /* start new ray from old one */
41 RAY *r,
42 int rt,
43 const RAY *ro,
44 const COLOR rc
45 )
46 {
47 double rw, re;
48 /* assign coefficient/weight */
49 if (rc == NULL) {
50 rw = 1.0;
51 setcolor(r->rcoef, 1., 1., 1.);
52 } else {
53 rw = intens(rc);
54 if (rw > 1.0)
55 rw = 1.0; /* avoid calculation growth */
56 if (rc != r->rcoef)
57 copycolor(r->rcoef, rc);
58 }
59 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
60 r->rlvl = 0;
61 r->rweight = rw;
62 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
63 r->rsrc = -1;
64 r->clipset = NULL;
65 r->revf = raytrace;
66 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
67 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
68 r->gecc = seccg;
69 r->slights = NULL;
70 } else { /* spawned ray */
71 if (ro->rot >= FHUGE) {
72 memset(r, 0, sizeof(RAY));
73 return(-1); /* illegal continuation */
74 }
75 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
76 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
77 r->rlvl++;
78 r->rsrc = -1;
79 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
80 r->rmax = 0.0;
81 } else {
82 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
83 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
84 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
85 }
86 r->revf = ro->revf;
87 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
88 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
89 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
90 r->slights = ro->slights;
91 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
92 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
93 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
94 /* estimate extinction */
95 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
96 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
97 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
98 re *= ro->rot;
99 if (re > 0.1) {
100 if (re > 92.) {
101 r->rweight = 0.0;
102 } else {
103 r->rweight *= exp(-re);
104 }
105 }
106 }
107 rayclear(r);
108 if (r->rweight <= 0.0) /* check for expiration */
109 return(-1);
110 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) /* shadow commitment */
111 return(0);
112 /* ambient in photon map? */
113 if (ro != NULL && ro->crtype & AMBIENT) {
114 if (causticPhotonMapping)
115 return(-1);
116 if (photonMapping && rt != TRANS)
117 return(-1);
118 }
119 if (maxdepth <= 0 && rc != NULL) { /* Russian roulette */
120 if (minweight <= 0.0)
121 error(USER, "zero ray weight in Russian roulette");
122 if (maxdepth < 0 && r->rlvl > -maxdepth)
123 return(-1); /* upper reflection limit */
124 if (r->rweight >= minweight)
125 return(0);
126 if (frandom() > r->rweight/minweight)
127 return(-1);
128 rw = minweight/r->rweight; /* promote survivor */
129 scalecolor(r->rcoef, rw);
130 r->rweight = minweight;
131 return(0);
132 }
133 return(r->rweight >= minweight && r->rlvl <= abs(maxdepth) ? 0 : -1);
134 }
135
136
137 void
138 rayclear( /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
139 RAY *r
140 )
141 {
142 r->rno = raynum++;
143 r->newcset = r->clipset;
144 r->hitf = rayhit;
145 r->robj = OVOID;
146 r->ro = NULL;
147 r->rox = NULL;
148 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
149 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
150 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
151 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
152 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
153 }
154
155
156 void
157 raytrace( /* trace a ray and compute its value */
158 RAY *r
159 )
160 {
161 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
162 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
163 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
164 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
165 r->rot = FHUGE;
166 } else if (sourcehit(r))
167 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
168
169 if (trace != NULL)
170 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
171
172 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
173 }
174
175
176 void
177 raycont( /* check for clipped object and continue */
178 RAY *r
179 )
180 {
181 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
182 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
183 raytrans(r);
184 }
185
186
187 void
188 raytrans( /* transmit ray as is */
189 RAY *r
190 )
191 {
192 RAY tr;
193
194 rayorigin(&tr, TRANS, r, NULL); /* always continue */
195 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
196 rayvalue(&tr);
197 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
198 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
199 }
200
201
202 int
203 rayshade( /* shade ray r with material mod */
204 RAY *r,
205 int mod
206 )
207 {
208 OBJREC *m;
209
210 r->rt = r->rot; /* preset effective ray length */
211 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
212 m = objptr(mod);
213 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
214 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
215 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
216 error(USER, errmsg);
217 }
218 ******/
219 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
220 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS)) &&
221 (ofun[m->otype].flags & (T_M|T_X)) &&
222 m->otype != MAT_CLIP) {
223 if (istransp(m->otype) || isBSDFproxy(m)) {
224 raytrans(r);
225 return(1);
226 }
227 if (!islight(m->otype))
228 m = &Lamb;
229 }
230 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r))
231 return(1); /* materials call raytexture() */
232 }
233 return(0); /* no material! */
234 }
235
236
237 void
238 rayparticipate( /* compute ray medium participation */
239 RAY *r
240 )
241 {
242 COLOR ce, ca;
243 double re, ge, be;
244
245 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
246 return; /* no medium */
247 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
248 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
249 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
250 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
251 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
252 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
253 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
254 }
255 setcolor(ce, re<=FTINY ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
256 ge<=FTINY ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
257 be<=FTINY ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
258 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path extinction */
259 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
260 return; /* no scattering */
261
262 /* PMAP: indirect inscattering accounted for by volume photons? */
263 if (!volumePhotonMapping) {
264 setcolor(ca,
265 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
266 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
267 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
268 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
269 }
270
271 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
272 }
273
274
275 void
276 raytexture( /* get material modifiers */
277 RAY *r,
278 OBJECT mod
279 )
280 {
281 OBJREC *m;
282 /* execute textures and patterns */
283 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
284 m = objptr(mod);
285 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
286 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
287 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
288 error(USER, errmsg);
289 }
290 ******/
291 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
292 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
293 m->oname);
294 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
295 }
296 }
297 }
298
299
300 int
301 raymixture( /* mix modifiers */
302 RAY *r,
303 OBJECT fore,
304 OBJECT back,
305 double coef
306 )
307 {
308 RAY fr, br;
309 int foremat, backmat;
310 int i;
311 /* bound coefficient */
312 if (coef > 1.0)
313 coef = 1.0;
314 else if (coef < 0.0)
315 coef = 0.0;
316 /* compute foreground and background */
317 foremat = backmat = 0;
318 /* foreground */
319 fr = *r;
320 if (coef > FTINY) {
321 fr.rweight *= coef;
322 scalecolor(fr.rcoef, coef);
323 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
324 }
325 /* background */
326 br = *r;
327 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY) {
328 br.rweight *= 1.0-coef;
329 scalecolor(br.rcoef, 1.0-coef);
330 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
331 }
332 /* check for transparency */
333 if (backmat ^ foremat) {
334 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
335 raytrans(&fr);
336 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
337 raytrans(&br);
338 }
339 /* mix perturbations */
340 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
341 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
342 /* mix pattern colors */
343 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
344 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
345 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
346 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
347 /* return value tells if material */
348 if (!foremat & !backmat)
349 return(0);
350 /* mix returned ray values */
351 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
352 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
353 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
354 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
355 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
356 return(1);
357 }
358
359
360 double
361 raydist( /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
362 const RAY *r,
363 int flags
364 )
365 {
366 double sum = 0.0;
367
368 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
369 sum += r->rot;
370 r = r->parent;
371 }
372 return(sum);
373 }
374
375
376 void
377 raycontrib( /* compute (cumulative) ray contribution */
378 RREAL rc[3],
379 const RAY *r,
380 int flags
381 )
382 {
383 double eext[3];
384 int i;
385
386 eext[0] = eext[1] = eext[2] = 0.;
387 rc[0] = rc[1] = rc[2] = 1.;
388
389 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
390 for (i = 3; i--; ) {
391 rc[i] *= colval(r->rcoef,i);
392 eext[i] += r->rot * colval(r->cext,i);
393 }
394 r = r->parent;
395 }
396 for (i = 3; i--; )
397 rc[i] *= (eext[i] <= FTINY) ? 1. :
398 (eext[i] > 92.) ? 0. : exp(-eext[i]);
399 }
400
401
402 double
403 raynormal( /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
404 FVECT norm,
405 RAY *r
406 )
407 {
408 double newdot;
409 int i;
410
411 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
412 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
413 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
414 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
415 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
416 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
417 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
418 */
419
420 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
421 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
422
423 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
424 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
425 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
426 return(r->rod);
427 }
428 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
429 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
430 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
431 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
432 newdot = -newdot;
433 }
434 return(newdot);
435 }
436
437
438 void
439 newrayxf( /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
440 RAY *r
441 )
442 {
443 static struct xfn {
444 struct xfn *next;
445 FULLXF xf;
446 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
447 struct xfn *xp;
448 const RAY *rp;
449
450 /*
451 * Search for transform in circular list that
452 * has no associated ray in the tree.
453 */
454 xp = xflast;
455 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
456 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
457 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
458 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
459 xp = (struct xfn *)bmalloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
460 if (xp == NULL)
461 error(SYSTEM,
462 "out of memory in newrayxf");
463 /* insert in list */
464 xp->next = xflast->next;
465 xflast->next = xp;
466 break; /* we're done */
467 }
468 rp = r; /* start check over */
469 }
470 /* got it */
471 r->rox = &xp->xf;
472 xflast = xp;
473 }
474
475
476 void
477 flipsurface( /* reverse surface orientation */
478 RAY *r
479 )
480 {
481 r->rod = -r->rod;
482 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
483 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
484 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
485 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
486 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
487 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
488 }
489
490
491 void
492 rayhit( /* standard ray hit test */
493 OBJECT *oset,
494 RAY *r
495 )
496 {
497 OBJREC *o;
498 int i;
499
500 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
501 o = objptr(oset[i]);
502 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
503 r->robj = oset[i];
504 }
505 }
506
507
508 int
509 localhit( /* check for hit in the octree */
510 RAY *r,
511 CUBE *scene
512 )
513 {
514 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
515 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
516 int sflags; /* sign flags */
517 double t, dt;
518 int i;
519
520 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
521 sflags = 0;
522 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
523 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
524 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
525 sflags |= 1 << i;
526 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
527 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
528 }
529 if (!sflags) {
530 error(WARNING, "zero ray direction in localhit");
531 return(0);
532 }
533 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
534 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
535 r->ro = &Aftplane;
536 r->rot = r->rmax;
537 VSUM(r->rop, r->rorg, r->rdir, r->rot);
538 }
539 /* find global cube entrance point */
540 t = 0.0;
541 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
542 /* find distance to entry */
543 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
544 /* plane in our direction */
545 if (sflags & 1<<i)
546 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
547 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
548 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
549 else
550 continue;
551 /* distance to the plane */
552 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
553 if (dt > t)
554 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
555 }
556 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
557 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
558 return(0);
559 /* advance position */
560 VSUM(curpos, curpos, r->rdir, t);
561
562 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
563 return(0);
564 }
565 cxset[0] = 0;
566 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
567 return((r->ro != NULL) & (r->ro != &Aftplane));
568 }
569
570
571 static int
572 raymove( /* check for hit as we move */
573 FVECT pos, /* current position, modified herein */
574 OBJECT *cxs, /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
575 int dirf, /* direction indicators to speed tests */
576 RAY *r,
577 CUBE *cu
578 )
579 {
580 int ax;
581 double dt, t;
582
583 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
584 CUBE cukid;
585 int br, sgn;
586
587 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
588 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
589 br = 0;
590 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
591 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
592 br |= 1;
593 }
594 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
595 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
596 br |= 2;
597 }
598 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
599 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
600 br |= 4;
601 }
602 for ( ; ; ) {
603 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
604 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
605 return(RAYHIT);
606 sgn = 1 << ax;
607 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
608 if (sgn & br)
609 return(ax); /* overflow */
610 else {
611 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
612 br |= sgn;
613 }
614 else
615 if (sgn & br) {
616 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
617 br &= ~sgn;
618 } else
619 return(ax); /* underflow */
620 }
621 /*NOTREACHED*/
622 }
623 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
624 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
625 return(RAYHIT);
626 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
627 return(RAYHIT);
628 /* advance to next cube */
629 if (dirf&0x11) {
630 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
631 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
632 ax = 0;
633 } else
634 t = FHUGE;
635 if (dirf&0x22) {
636 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
637 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
638 if (dt < t) {
639 t = dt;
640 ax = 1;
641 }
642 }
643 if (dirf&0x44) {
644 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
645 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
646 if (dt < t) {
647 t = dt;
648 ax = 2;
649 }
650 }
651 VSUM(pos, pos, r->rdir, t);
652 return(ax);
653 }
654
655
656 static int
657 checkhit( /* check for hit in full cube */
658 RAY *r,
659 CUBE *cu,
660 OBJECT *cxs
661 )
662 {
663 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
664
665 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
666 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
667
668 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
669
670 if (r->robj == OVOID)
671 return(0); /* no scores yet */
672
673 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
674 }
675
676
677 static void
678 checkset( /* modify checked set and set to check */
679 OBJECT *os, /* os' = os - cs */
680 OBJECT *cs /* cs' = cs + os */
681 )
682 {
683 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
684 int i, j;
685 int k;
686 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
687 cset[0] = 0;
688 k = 0;
689 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
690 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
691 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
692 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
693 os[++k] = os[i];
694 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
695 }
696 }
697 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
698 return; /* special case */
699 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
700 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
701 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
702 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
703 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
704 os = cset;
705 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
706 *cs++ = *os++;
707 }