ViewVC Help
View File | Revision Log | Show Annotations | Download File | Root Listing
root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.69
Committed: Tue May 26 15:58:35 2015 UTC (8 years, 11 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
CVS Tags: rad5R0
Changes since 2.68: +7 -3 lines
Log Message:
More macro-management

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: raytrace.c,v 2.68 2015/05/22 09:19:11 greg Exp $";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13 #include "source.h"
14 #include "otypes.h"
15 #include "otspecial.h"
16 #include "random.h"
17 #include "pmap.h"
18
19 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
20
21 RNUMBER raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
22 RNUMBER nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
23
24 static RREAL Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
25 OBJREC Lamb = {
26 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
27 {NULL, Lambfa, 0, 5}, NULL
28 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
29
30 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
31
32 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
33
34 static int raymove(FVECT pos, OBJECT *cxs, int dirf, RAY *r, CUBE *cu);
35 static int checkhit(RAY *r, CUBE *cu, OBJECT *cxs);
36 static void checkset(OBJECT *os, OBJECT *cs);
37
38
39 int
40 rayorigin( /* start new ray from old one */
41 RAY *r,
42 int rt,
43 const RAY *ro,
44 const COLOR rc
45 )
46 {
47 double rw, re;
48 /* assign coefficient/weight */
49 if (rc == NULL) {
50 rw = 1.0;
51 setcolor(r->rcoef, 1., 1., 1.);
52 } else {
53 rw = intens(rc);
54 if (rc != r->rcoef)
55 copycolor(r->rcoef, rc);
56 }
57 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
58 r->rlvl = 0;
59 r->rweight = rw;
60 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
61 r->rsrc = -1;
62 r->clipset = NULL;
63 r->revf = raytrace;
64 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
65 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
66 r->gecc = seccg;
67 r->slights = NULL;
68 } else { /* spawned ray */
69 if (ro->rot >= FHUGE) {
70 memset(r, 0, sizeof(RAY));
71 return(-1); /* illegal continuation */
72 }
73 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
74 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
75 r->rlvl++;
76 r->rsrc = -1;
77 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
78 r->rmax = 0.0;
79 } else {
80 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
81 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
82 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
83 }
84 r->revf = ro->revf;
85 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
86 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
87 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
88 r->slights = ro->slights;
89 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
90 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
91 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
92 /* estimate extinction */
93 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
94 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
95 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
96 re *= ro->rot;
97 if (re > 0.1) {
98 if (re > 92.) {
99 r->rweight = 0.0;
100 } else {
101 r->rweight *= exp(-re);
102 }
103 }
104 }
105 rayclear(r);
106 if (r->rweight <= 0.0) /* check for expiration */
107 return(-1);
108 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) /* shadow commitment */
109 return(0);
110 /* ambient in photon map? */
111 if (ro != NULL && ro->crtype & AMBIENT) {
112 if (causticPhotonMapping)
113 return(-1);
114 if (photonMapping && rt != TRANS)
115 return(-1);
116 }
117 if (maxdepth <= 0 && rc != NULL) { /* Russian roulette */
118 if (minweight <= 0.0)
119 error(USER, "zero ray weight in Russian roulette");
120 if (maxdepth < 0 && r->rlvl > -maxdepth)
121 return(-1); /* upper reflection limit */
122 if (r->rweight >= minweight)
123 return(0);
124 if (frandom() > r->rweight/minweight)
125 return(-1);
126 rw = minweight/r->rweight; /* promote survivor */
127 scalecolor(r->rcoef, rw);
128 r->rweight = minweight;
129 return(0);
130 }
131 return(r->rweight >= minweight && r->rlvl <= abs(maxdepth) ? 0 : -1);
132 }
133
134
135 void
136 rayclear( /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
137 RAY *r
138 )
139 {
140 r->rno = raynum++;
141 r->newcset = r->clipset;
142 r->hitf = rayhit;
143 r->robj = OVOID;
144 r->ro = NULL;
145 r->rox = NULL;
146 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
147 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
148 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
149 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
150 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
151 }
152
153
154 void
155 raytrace( /* trace a ray and compute its value */
156 RAY *r
157 )
158 {
159 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
160 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
161 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
162 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
163 r->rot = FHUGE;
164 } else if (sourcehit(r))
165 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
166
167 if (trace != NULL)
168 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
169
170 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
171 }
172
173
174 void
175 raycont( /* check for clipped object and continue */
176 RAY *r
177 )
178 {
179 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
180 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
181 raytrans(r);
182 }
183
184
185 void
186 raytrans( /* transmit ray as is */
187 RAY *r
188 )
189 {
190 RAY tr;
191
192 rayorigin(&tr, TRANS, r, NULL); /* always continue */
193 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
194 rayvalue(&tr);
195 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
196 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
197 }
198
199
200 int
201 rayshade( /* shade ray r with material mod */
202 RAY *r,
203 int mod
204 )
205 {
206 OBJREC *m;
207
208 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
209 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
210 m = objptr(mod);
211 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
212 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
213 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
214 error(USER, errmsg);
215 }
216 ******/
217 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
218 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS)) &&
219 m->otype != MAT_CLIP &&
220 (ofun[m->otype].flags & (T_M|T_X))) {
221 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
222 raytrans(r);
223 return(1);
224 }
225 if (!islight(m->otype))
226 m = &Lamb;
227 }
228 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r))
229 return(1); /* materials call raytexture() */
230 }
231 return(0); /* no material! */
232 }
233
234
235 void
236 rayparticipate( /* compute ray medium participation */
237 RAY *r
238 )
239 {
240 COLOR ce, ca;
241 double re, ge, be;
242
243 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
244 return; /* no medium */
245 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
246 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
247 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
248 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
249 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
250 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
251 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
252 }
253 setcolor(ce, re<=FTINY ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
254 ge<=FTINY ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
255 be<=FTINY ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
256 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path extinction */
257 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
258 return; /* no scattering */
259
260 /* PMAP: indirect inscattering accounted for by volume photons? */
261 if (!volumePhotonMapping) {
262 setcolor(ca,
263 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
264 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
265 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
266 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
267 }
268
269 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
270 }
271
272
273 void
274 raytexture( /* get material modifiers */
275 RAY *r,
276 OBJECT mod
277 )
278 {
279 OBJREC *m;
280 /* execute textures and patterns */
281 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
282 m = objptr(mod);
283 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
284 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
285 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
286 error(USER, errmsg);
287 }
288 ******/
289 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
290 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
291 m->oname);
292 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
293 }
294 }
295 }
296
297
298 int
299 raymixture( /* mix modifiers */
300 RAY *r,
301 OBJECT fore,
302 OBJECT back,
303 double coef
304 )
305 {
306 RAY fr, br;
307 int foremat, backmat;
308 int i;
309 /* bound coefficient */
310 if (coef > 1.0)
311 coef = 1.0;
312 else if (coef < 0.0)
313 coef = 0.0;
314 /* compute foreground and background */
315 foremat = backmat = 0;
316 /* foreground */
317 fr = *r;
318 if (coef > FTINY) {
319 fr.rweight *= coef;
320 scalecolor(fr.rcoef, coef);
321 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
322 }
323 /* background */
324 br = *r;
325 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY) {
326 br.rweight *= 1.0-coef;
327 scalecolor(br.rcoef, 1.0-coef);
328 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
329 }
330 /* check for transparency */
331 if (backmat ^ foremat) {
332 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
333 raytrans(&fr);
334 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
335 raytrans(&br);
336 }
337 /* mix perturbations */
338 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
339 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
340 /* mix pattern colors */
341 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
342 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
343 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
344 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
345 /* return value tells if material */
346 if (!foremat & !backmat)
347 return(0);
348 /* mix returned ray values */
349 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
350 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
351 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
352 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
353 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
354 return(1);
355 }
356
357
358 double
359 raydist( /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
360 const RAY *r,
361 int flags
362 )
363 {
364 double sum = 0.0;
365
366 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
367 sum += r->rot;
368 r = r->parent;
369 }
370 return(sum);
371 }
372
373
374 void
375 raycontrib( /* compute (cumulative) ray contribution */
376 RREAL rc[3],
377 const RAY *r,
378 int flags
379 )
380 {
381 double eext[3];
382 int i;
383
384 eext[0] = eext[1] = eext[2] = 0.;
385 rc[0] = rc[1] = rc[2] = 1.;
386
387 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
388 for (i = 3; i--; ) {
389 rc[i] *= colval(r->rcoef,i);
390 eext[i] += r->rot * colval(r->cext,i);
391 }
392 r = r->parent;
393 }
394 for (i = 3; i--; )
395 rc[i] *= (eext[i] <= FTINY) ? 1. :
396 (eext[i] > 92.) ? 0. : exp(-eext[i]);
397 }
398
399
400 double
401 raynormal( /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
402 FVECT norm,
403 RAY *r
404 )
405 {
406 double newdot;
407 int i;
408
409 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
410 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
411 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
412 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
413 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
414 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
415 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
416 */
417
418 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
419 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
420
421 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
422 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
423 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
424 return(r->rod);
425 }
426 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
427 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
428 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
429 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
430 newdot = -newdot;
431 }
432 return(newdot);
433 }
434
435
436 void
437 newrayxf( /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
438 RAY *r
439 )
440 {
441 static struct xfn {
442 struct xfn *next;
443 FULLXF xf;
444 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
445 struct xfn *xp;
446 const RAY *rp;
447
448 /*
449 * Search for transform in circular list that
450 * has no associated ray in the tree.
451 */
452 xp = xflast;
453 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
454 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
455 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
456 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
457 xp = (struct xfn *)bmalloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
458 if (xp == NULL)
459 error(SYSTEM,
460 "out of memory in newrayxf");
461 /* insert in list */
462 xp->next = xflast->next;
463 xflast->next = xp;
464 break; /* we're done */
465 }
466 rp = r; /* start check over */
467 }
468 /* got it */
469 r->rox = &xp->xf;
470 xflast = xp;
471 }
472
473
474 void
475 flipsurface( /* reverse surface orientation */
476 RAY *r
477 )
478 {
479 r->rod = -r->rod;
480 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
481 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
482 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
483 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
484 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
485 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
486 }
487
488
489 void
490 rayhit( /* standard ray hit test */
491 OBJECT *oset,
492 RAY *r
493 )
494 {
495 OBJREC *o;
496 int i;
497
498 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
499 o = objptr(oset[i]);
500 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
501 r->robj = oset[i];
502 }
503 }
504
505
506 int
507 localhit( /* check for hit in the octree */
508 RAY *r,
509 CUBE *scene
510 )
511 {
512 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
513 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
514 int sflags; /* sign flags */
515 double t, dt;
516 int i;
517
518 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
519 sflags = 0;
520 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
521 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
522 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
523 sflags |= 1 << i;
524 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
525 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
526 }
527 if (!sflags) {
528 error(WARNING, "zero ray direction in localhit");
529 return(0);
530 }
531 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
532 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
533 r->ro = &Aftplane;
534 r->rot = r->rmax;
535 VSUM(r->rop, r->rorg, r->rdir, r->rot);
536 }
537 /* find global cube entrance point */
538 t = 0.0;
539 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
540 /* find distance to entry */
541 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
542 /* plane in our direction */
543 if (sflags & 1<<i)
544 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
545 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
546 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
547 else
548 continue;
549 /* distance to the plane */
550 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
551 if (dt > t)
552 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
553 }
554 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
555 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
556 return(0);
557 /* advance position */
558 VSUM(curpos, curpos, r->rdir, t);
559
560 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
561 return(0);
562 }
563 cxset[0] = 0;
564 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
565 return((r->ro != NULL) & (r->ro != &Aftplane));
566 }
567
568
569 static int
570 raymove( /* check for hit as we move */
571 FVECT pos, /* current position, modified herein */
572 OBJECT *cxs, /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
573 int dirf, /* direction indicators to speed tests */
574 RAY *r,
575 CUBE *cu
576 )
577 {
578 int ax;
579 double dt, t;
580
581 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
582 CUBE cukid;
583 int br, sgn;
584
585 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
586 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
587 br = 0;
588 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
589 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
590 br |= 1;
591 }
592 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
593 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
594 br |= 2;
595 }
596 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
597 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
598 br |= 4;
599 }
600 for ( ; ; ) {
601 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
602 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
603 return(RAYHIT);
604 sgn = 1 << ax;
605 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
606 if (sgn & br)
607 return(ax); /* overflow */
608 else {
609 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
610 br |= sgn;
611 }
612 else
613 if (sgn & br) {
614 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
615 br &= ~sgn;
616 } else
617 return(ax); /* underflow */
618 }
619 /*NOTREACHED*/
620 }
621 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
622 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
623 return(RAYHIT);
624 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
625 return(RAYHIT);
626 /* advance to next cube */
627 if (dirf&0x11) {
628 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
629 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
630 ax = 0;
631 } else
632 t = FHUGE;
633 if (dirf&0x22) {
634 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
635 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
636 if (dt < t) {
637 t = dt;
638 ax = 1;
639 }
640 }
641 if (dirf&0x44) {
642 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
643 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
644 if (dt < t) {
645 t = dt;
646 ax = 2;
647 }
648 }
649 VSUM(pos, pos, r->rdir, t);
650 return(ax);
651 }
652
653
654 static int
655 checkhit( /* check for hit in full cube */
656 RAY *r,
657 CUBE *cu,
658 OBJECT *cxs
659 )
660 {
661 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
662
663 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
664 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
665
666 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
667
668 if (r->robj == OVOID)
669 return(0); /* no scores yet */
670
671 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
672 }
673
674
675 static void
676 checkset( /* modify checked set and set to check */
677 OBJECT *os, /* os' = os - cs */
678 OBJECT *cs /* cs' = cs + os */
679 )
680 {
681 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
682 int i, j;
683 int k;
684 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
685 cset[0] = 0;
686 k = 0;
687 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
688 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
689 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
690 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
691 os[++k] = os[i];
692 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
693 }
694 }
695 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
696 return; /* special case */
697 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
698 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
699 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
700 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
701 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
702 os = cset;
703 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
704 *cs++ = *os++;
705 }