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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.67
Committed: Thu May 21 15:28:24 2015 UTC (8 years, 11 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.66: +9 -7 lines
Log Message:
Moved ambient ray truncation to rayorigin() -- remove ambRayInPmap() later

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: raytrace.c,v 2.66 2015/02/24 19:39:27 greg Exp $";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13 #include "source.h"
14 #include "otypes.h"
15 #include "otspecial.h"
16 #include "random.h"
17 #include "pmap.h"
18
19 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
20
21 RNUMBER raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
22 RNUMBER nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
23
24 static RREAL Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
25 OBJREC Lamb = {
26 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
27 {NULL, Lambfa, 0, 5}, NULL
28 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
29
30 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
31
32 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
33
34 static int raymove(FVECT pos, OBJECT *cxs, int dirf, RAY *r, CUBE *cu);
35 static int checkhit(RAY *r, CUBE *cu, OBJECT *cxs);
36 static void checkset(OBJECT *os, OBJECT *cs);
37
38
39 int
40 rayorigin( /* start new ray from old one */
41 RAY *r,
42 int rt,
43 const RAY *ro,
44 const COLOR rc
45 )
46 {
47 double rw, re;
48 /* assign coefficient/weight */
49 if (rc == NULL) {
50 rw = 1.0;
51 setcolor(r->rcoef, 1., 1., 1.);
52 } else {
53 rw = intens(rc);
54 if (rc != r->rcoef)
55 copycolor(r->rcoef, rc);
56 }
57 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
58 r->rlvl = 0;
59 r->rweight = rw;
60 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
61 r->rsrc = -1;
62 r->clipset = NULL;
63 r->revf = raytrace;
64 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
65 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
66 r->gecc = seccg;
67 r->slights = NULL;
68 } else { /* spawned ray */
69 if (ro->rot >= FHUGE) {
70 memset(r, 0, sizeof(RAY));
71 return(-1); /* illegal continuation */
72 }
73 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
74 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
75 r->rlvl++;
76 r->rsrc = -1;
77 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
78 r->rmax = 0.0;
79 } else {
80 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
81 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
82 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
83 }
84 r->revf = ro->revf;
85 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
86 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
87 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
88 r->slights = ro->slights;
89 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
90 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
91 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
92 /* estimate extinction */
93 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
94 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
95 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
96 re *= ro->rot;
97 if (re > 0.1) {
98 if (re > 92.) {
99 r->rweight = 0.0;
100 } else {
101 r->rweight *= exp(-re);
102 }
103 }
104 }
105 rayclear(r);
106 if (r->rweight <= 0.0) /* check for expiration */
107 return(-1);
108 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) /* shadow commitment */
109 return(0);
110 /* ambient in photon map? */
111 if (r->crtype & AMBIENT && photonMapping)
112 return(-1);
113 if (maxdepth <= 0 && rc != NULL) { /* Russian roulette */
114 if (minweight <= 0.0)
115 error(USER, "zero ray weight in Russian roulette");
116 if (maxdepth < 0 && r->rlvl > -maxdepth)
117 return(-1); /* upper reflection limit */
118 if (r->rweight >= minweight)
119 return(0);
120 if (frandom() > r->rweight/minweight)
121 return(-1);
122 rw = minweight/r->rweight; /* promote survivor */
123 scalecolor(r->rcoef, rw);
124 r->rweight = minweight;
125 return(0);
126 }
127 return(r->rweight >= minweight && r->rlvl <= abs(maxdepth) ? 0 : -1);
128 }
129
130
131 void
132 rayclear( /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
133 RAY *r
134 )
135 {
136 r->rno = raynum++;
137 r->newcset = r->clipset;
138 r->hitf = rayhit;
139 r->robj = OVOID;
140 r->ro = NULL;
141 r->rox = NULL;
142 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
143 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
144 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
145 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
146 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
147 }
148
149
150 void
151 raytrace( /* trace a ray and compute its value */
152 RAY *r
153 )
154 {
155 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
156 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
157 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
158 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
159 r->rot = FHUGE;
160 } else if (sourcehit(r))
161 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
162
163 if (trace != NULL)
164 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
165
166 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
167 }
168
169
170 void
171 raycont( /* check for clipped object and continue */
172 RAY *r
173 )
174 {
175 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
176 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
177 raytrans(r);
178 }
179
180
181 void
182 raytrans( /* transmit ray as is */
183 RAY *r
184 )
185 {
186 RAY tr;
187
188 rayorigin(&tr, TRANS, r, NULL); /* always continue */
189 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
190 rayvalue(&tr);
191 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
192 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
193 }
194
195
196 int
197 rayshade( /* shade ray r with material mod */
198 RAY *r,
199 int mod
200 )
201 {
202 OBJREC *m;
203
204 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
205 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
206 m = objptr(mod);
207 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
208 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
209 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
210 error(USER, errmsg);
211 }
212 ******/
213 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
214 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS)) &&
215 m->otype != MAT_CLIP &&
216 (ofun[m->otype].flags & (T_M|T_X))) {
217 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
218 raytrans(r);
219 return(1);
220 }
221 if (!islight(m->otype))
222 m = &Lamb;
223 }
224 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r))
225 return(1); /* materials call raytexture() */
226 }
227 return(0); /* no material! */
228 }
229
230
231 void
232 rayparticipate( /* compute ray medium participation */
233 RAY *r
234 )
235 {
236 COLOR ce, ca;
237 double re, ge, be;
238
239 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
240 return; /* no medium */
241 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
242 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
243 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
244 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
245 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
246 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
247 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
248 }
249 setcolor(ce, re<=FTINY ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
250 ge<=FTINY ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
251 be<=FTINY ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
252 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path extinction */
253 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
254 return; /* no scattering */
255
256 /* PMAP: indirect inscattering accounted for by volume photons? */
257 if (!volumePhotonMapping) {
258 setcolor(ca,
259 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
260 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
261 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
262 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
263 }
264
265 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
266 }
267
268
269 void
270 raytexture( /* get material modifiers */
271 RAY *r,
272 OBJECT mod
273 )
274 {
275 OBJREC *m;
276 /* execute textures and patterns */
277 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
278 m = objptr(mod);
279 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
280 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
281 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
282 error(USER, errmsg);
283 }
284 ******/
285 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
286 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
287 m->oname);
288 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
289 }
290 }
291 }
292
293
294 int
295 raymixture( /* mix modifiers */
296 RAY *r,
297 OBJECT fore,
298 OBJECT back,
299 double coef
300 )
301 {
302 RAY fr, br;
303 int foremat, backmat;
304 int i;
305 /* bound coefficient */
306 if (coef > 1.0)
307 coef = 1.0;
308 else if (coef < 0.0)
309 coef = 0.0;
310 /* compute foreground and background */
311 foremat = backmat = 0;
312 /* foreground */
313 fr = *r;
314 if (coef > FTINY) {
315 fr.rweight *= coef;
316 scalecolor(fr.rcoef, coef);
317 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
318 }
319 /* background */
320 br = *r;
321 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY) {
322 br.rweight *= 1.0-coef;
323 scalecolor(br.rcoef, 1.0-coef);
324 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
325 }
326 /* check for transparency */
327 if (backmat ^ foremat) {
328 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
329 raytrans(&fr);
330 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
331 raytrans(&br);
332 }
333 /* mix perturbations */
334 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
335 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
336 /* mix pattern colors */
337 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
338 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
339 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
340 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
341 /* return value tells if material */
342 if (!foremat & !backmat)
343 return(0);
344 /* mix returned ray values */
345 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
346 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
347 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
348 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
349 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
350 return(1);
351 }
352
353
354 double
355 raydist( /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
356 const RAY *r,
357 int flags
358 )
359 {
360 double sum = 0.0;
361
362 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
363 sum += r->rot;
364 r = r->parent;
365 }
366 return(sum);
367 }
368
369
370 void
371 raycontrib( /* compute (cumulative) ray contribution */
372 RREAL rc[3],
373 const RAY *r,
374 int flags
375 )
376 {
377 double eext[3];
378 int i;
379
380 eext[0] = eext[1] = eext[2] = 0.;
381 rc[0] = rc[1] = rc[2] = 1.;
382
383 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
384 for (i = 3; i--; ) {
385 rc[i] *= colval(r->rcoef,i);
386 eext[i] += r->rot * colval(r->cext,i);
387 }
388 r = r->parent;
389 }
390 for (i = 3; i--; )
391 rc[i] *= (eext[i] <= FTINY) ? 1. :
392 (eext[i] > 92.) ? 0. : exp(-eext[i]);
393 }
394
395
396 double
397 raynormal( /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
398 FVECT norm,
399 RAY *r
400 )
401 {
402 double newdot;
403 int i;
404
405 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
406 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
407 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
408 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
409 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
410 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
411 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
412 */
413
414 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
415 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
416
417 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
418 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
419 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
420 return(r->rod);
421 }
422 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
423 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
424 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
425 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
426 newdot = -newdot;
427 }
428 return(newdot);
429 }
430
431
432 void
433 newrayxf( /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
434 RAY *r
435 )
436 {
437 static struct xfn {
438 struct xfn *next;
439 FULLXF xf;
440 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
441 struct xfn *xp;
442 const RAY *rp;
443
444 /*
445 * Search for transform in circular list that
446 * has no associated ray in the tree.
447 */
448 xp = xflast;
449 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
450 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
451 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
452 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
453 xp = (struct xfn *)bmalloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
454 if (xp == NULL)
455 error(SYSTEM,
456 "out of memory in newrayxf");
457 /* insert in list */
458 xp->next = xflast->next;
459 xflast->next = xp;
460 break; /* we're done */
461 }
462 rp = r; /* start check over */
463 }
464 /* got it */
465 r->rox = &xp->xf;
466 xflast = xp;
467 }
468
469
470 void
471 flipsurface( /* reverse surface orientation */
472 RAY *r
473 )
474 {
475 r->rod = -r->rod;
476 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
477 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
478 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
479 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
480 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
481 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
482 }
483
484
485 void
486 rayhit( /* standard ray hit test */
487 OBJECT *oset,
488 RAY *r
489 )
490 {
491 OBJREC *o;
492 int i;
493
494 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
495 o = objptr(oset[i]);
496 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
497 r->robj = oset[i];
498 }
499 }
500
501
502 int
503 localhit( /* check for hit in the octree */
504 RAY *r,
505 CUBE *scene
506 )
507 {
508 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
509 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
510 int sflags; /* sign flags */
511 double t, dt;
512 int i;
513
514 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
515 sflags = 0;
516 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
517 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
518 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
519 sflags |= 1 << i;
520 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
521 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
522 }
523 if (!sflags) {
524 error(WARNING, "zero ray direction in localhit");
525 return(0);
526 }
527 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
528 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
529 r->ro = &Aftplane;
530 r->rot = r->rmax;
531 VSUM(r->rop, r->rorg, r->rdir, r->rot);
532 }
533 /* find global cube entrance point */
534 t = 0.0;
535 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
536 /* find distance to entry */
537 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
538 /* plane in our direction */
539 if (sflags & 1<<i)
540 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
541 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
542 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
543 else
544 continue;
545 /* distance to the plane */
546 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
547 if (dt > t)
548 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
549 }
550 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
551 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
552 return(0);
553 /* advance position */
554 VSUM(curpos, curpos, r->rdir, t);
555
556 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
557 return(0);
558 }
559 cxset[0] = 0;
560 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
561 return((r->ro != NULL) & (r->ro != &Aftplane));
562 }
563
564
565 static int
566 raymove( /* check for hit as we move */
567 FVECT pos, /* current position, modified herein */
568 OBJECT *cxs, /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
569 int dirf, /* direction indicators to speed tests */
570 RAY *r,
571 CUBE *cu
572 )
573 {
574 int ax;
575 double dt, t;
576
577 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
578 CUBE cukid;
579 int br, sgn;
580
581 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
582 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
583 br = 0;
584 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
585 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
586 br |= 1;
587 }
588 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
589 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
590 br |= 2;
591 }
592 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
593 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
594 br |= 4;
595 }
596 for ( ; ; ) {
597 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
598 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
599 return(RAYHIT);
600 sgn = 1 << ax;
601 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
602 if (sgn & br)
603 return(ax); /* overflow */
604 else {
605 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
606 br |= sgn;
607 }
608 else
609 if (sgn & br) {
610 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
611 br &= ~sgn;
612 } else
613 return(ax); /* underflow */
614 }
615 /*NOTREACHED*/
616 }
617 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
618 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
619 return(RAYHIT);
620 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
621 return(RAYHIT);
622 /* advance to next cube */
623 if (dirf&0x11) {
624 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
625 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
626 ax = 0;
627 } else
628 t = FHUGE;
629 if (dirf&0x22) {
630 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
631 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
632 if (dt < t) {
633 t = dt;
634 ax = 1;
635 }
636 }
637 if (dirf&0x44) {
638 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
639 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
640 if (dt < t) {
641 t = dt;
642 ax = 2;
643 }
644 }
645 VSUM(pos, pos, r->rdir, t);
646 return(ax);
647 }
648
649
650 static int
651 checkhit( /* check for hit in full cube */
652 RAY *r,
653 CUBE *cu,
654 OBJECT *cxs
655 )
656 {
657 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
658
659 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
660 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
661
662 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
663
664 if (r->robj == OVOID)
665 return(0); /* no scores yet */
666
667 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
668 }
669
670
671 static void
672 checkset( /* modify checked set and set to check */
673 OBJECT *os, /* os' = os - cs */
674 OBJECT *cs /* cs' = cs + os */
675 )
676 {
677 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
678 int i, j;
679 int k;
680 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
681 cset[0] = 0;
682 k = 0;
683 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
684 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
685 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
686 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
687 os[++k] = os[i];
688 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
689 }
690 }
691 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
692 return; /* special case */
693 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
694 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
695 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
696 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
697 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
698 os = cset;
699 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
700 *cs++ = *os++;
701 }