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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.49
Committed: Tue Apr 19 01:15:06 2005 UTC (19 years ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.48: +59 -21 lines
Log Message:
Extensive changes to enable rtrace -oTW option for tracking ray contributions

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: raytrace.c,v 2.48 2005/04/15 04:44:51 greg Exp $";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13 #include "source.h"
14 #include "otypes.h"
15 #include "otspecial.h"
16
17 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
18
19 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
20 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
21
22 static RREAL Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
23 OBJREC Lamb = {
24 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
25 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
26 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
27
28 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
29
30 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
31
32 static int raymove(FVECT pos, OBJECT *cxs, int dirf, RAY *r, CUBE *cu);
33 static int checkhit(RAY *r, CUBE *cu, OBJECT *cxs);
34 static void checkset(OBJECT *os, OBJECT *cs);
35
36
37 extern int
38 rayorigin( /* start new ray from old one */
39 RAY *r,
40 int rt,
41 const RAY *ro,
42 const COLOR rc
43 )
44 {
45 double rw, re;
46 /* assign coefficient/weight */
47 if (rc == NULL) {
48 rw = 1.0;
49 setcolor(r->rcoef, 1., 1., 1.);
50 } else {
51 rw = intens(rc);
52 if (rc != r->rcoef)
53 copycolor(r->rcoef, rc);
54 }
55 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
56 r->rlvl = 0;
57 r->rweight = rw;
58 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
59 r->rsrc = -1;
60 r->clipset = NULL;
61 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
62 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
63 r->gecc = seccg;
64 r->slights = NULL;
65 } else { /* spawned ray */
66 if (ro->rot >= FHUGE) {
67 memset(r, 0, sizeof(RAY));
68 return(-1); /* illegal continuation */
69 }
70 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
71 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
72 r->rlvl++;
73 r->rsrc = -1;
74 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
75 r->rmax = 0.0;
76 } else {
77 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
78 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
79 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
80 }
81 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
82 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
83 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
84 r->slights = ro->slights;
85 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
86 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
87 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
88 /* estimate extinction */
89 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
90 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
91 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
92 re *= ro->rot;
93 if (re > .1)
94 r->rweight *= exp(-re);
95 }
96 rayclear(r);
97 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
98 }
99
100
101 extern void
102 rayclear( /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
103 register RAY *r
104 )
105 {
106 r->rno = raynum++;
107 r->newcset = r->clipset;
108 r->hitf = rayhit;
109 r->robj = OVOID;
110 r->ro = NULL;
111 r->rox = NULL;
112 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
113 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
114 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
115 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
116 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
117 }
118
119
120 extern void
121 rayvalue( /* trace a ray and compute its value */
122 RAY *r
123 )
124 {
125 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
126 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
127 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
128 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
129 r->rot = FHUGE;
130 } else if (sourcehit(r))
131 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
132
133 if (trace != NULL)
134 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
135
136 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
137 }
138
139
140 extern void
141 raycont( /* check for clipped object and continue */
142 register RAY *r
143 )
144 {
145 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
146 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
147 raytrans(r);
148 }
149
150
151 extern void
152 raytrans( /* transmit ray as is */
153 register RAY *r
154 )
155 {
156 RAY tr;
157
158 if (rayorigin(&tr, TRANS, r, NULL) == 0) {
159 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
160 rayvalue(&tr);
161 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
162 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
163 }
164 }
165
166
167 extern int
168 rayshade( /* shade ray r with material mod */
169 register RAY *r,
170 int mod
171 )
172 {
173 register OBJREC *m;
174
175 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
176 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
177 m = objptr(mod);
178 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
179 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
180 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
181 error(USER, errmsg);
182 }
183 ******/
184 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
185 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS)) &&
186 m->otype != MAT_CLIP &&
187 (ofun[m->otype].flags & (T_M|T_X))) {
188 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
189 raytrans(r);
190 return(1);
191 }
192 if (!islight(m->otype))
193 m = &Lamb;
194 }
195 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r))
196 return(1); /* materials call raytexture() */
197 }
198 return(0); /* no material! */
199 }
200
201
202 extern void
203 rayparticipate( /* compute ray medium participation */
204 register RAY *r
205 )
206 {
207 COLOR ce, ca;
208 double re, ge, be;
209
210 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
211 return; /* no medium */
212 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
213 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
214 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
215 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
216 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
217 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
218 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
219 }
220 setcolor(ce, re<=FTINY ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
221 ge<=FTINY ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
222 be<=FTINY ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
223 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path extinction */
224 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
225 return; /* no scattering */
226 setcolor(ca,
227 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
228 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
229 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
230 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
231 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
232 }
233
234
235 extern void
236 raytexture( /* get material modifiers */
237 RAY *r,
238 OBJECT mod
239 )
240 {
241 register OBJREC *m;
242 /* execute textures and patterns */
243 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
244 m = objptr(mod);
245 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
246 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
247 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
248 error(USER, errmsg);
249 }
250 ******/
251 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
252 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
253 m->oname);
254 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
255 }
256 }
257 }
258
259
260 extern int
261 raymixture( /* mix modifiers */
262 register RAY *r,
263 OBJECT fore,
264 OBJECT back,
265 double coef
266 )
267 {
268 RAY fr, br;
269 int foremat, backmat;
270 register int i;
271 /* bound coefficient */
272 if (coef > 1.0)
273 coef = 1.0;
274 else if (coef < 0.0)
275 coef = 0.0;
276 /* compute foreground and background */
277 foremat = backmat = 0;
278 /* foreground */
279 fr = *r;
280 if (coef > FTINY)
281 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
282 /* background */
283 br = *r;
284 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
285 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
286 /* check for transparency */
287 if (backmat ^ foremat) {
288 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
289 raytrans(&fr);
290 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
291 raytrans(&br);
292 }
293 /* mix perturbations */
294 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
295 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
296 /* mix pattern colors */
297 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
298 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
299 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
300 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
301 /* return value tells if material */
302 if (!foremat & !backmat)
303 return(0);
304 /* mix returned ray values */
305 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
306 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
307 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
308 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
309 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
310 return(1);
311 }
312
313
314 extern double
315 raydist( /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
316 register const RAY *r,
317 register int flags
318 )
319 {
320 double sum = 0.0;
321
322 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
323 sum += r->rot;
324 r = r->parent;
325 }
326 return(sum);
327 }
328
329
330 extern void
331 raycontrib( /* compute (cumulative) ray contribution */
332 COLOR rc,
333 const RAY *r,
334 int flags
335 )
336 {
337 COLOR eext, ext1;
338
339 setcolor(eext, 0., 0., 0.);
340 setcolor(rc, 1., 1., 1.);
341
342 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
343 multcolor(rc, r->rcoef);
344 copycolor(ext1, r->cext);
345 scalecolor(ext1, r->rot);
346 addcolor(eext, ext1);
347 r = r->parent;
348 }
349 if (intens(eext) > FTINY) {
350 setcolor(ext1, exp(-colval(eext,RED)),
351 exp(-colval(eext,GRN)),
352 exp(-colval(eext,BLU)));
353 multcolor(rc, ext1);
354 }
355 }
356
357
358 extern double
359 raynormal( /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
360 FVECT norm,
361 register RAY *r
362 )
363 {
364 double newdot;
365 register int i;
366
367 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
368 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
369 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
370 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
371 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
372 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
373 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
374 */
375
376 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
377 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
378
379 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
380 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
381 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
382 return(r->rod);
383 }
384 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
385 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
386 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
387 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
388 newdot = -newdot;
389 }
390 return(newdot);
391 }
392
393
394 extern void
395 newrayxf( /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
396 RAY *r
397 )
398 {
399 static struct xfn {
400 struct xfn *next;
401 FULLXF xf;
402 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
403 register struct xfn *xp;
404 register const RAY *rp;
405
406 /*
407 * Search for transform in circular list that
408 * has no associated ray in the tree.
409 */
410 xp = xflast;
411 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
412 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
413 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
414 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
415 xp = (struct xfn *)malloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
416 if (xp == NULL)
417 error(SYSTEM,
418 "out of memory in newrayxf");
419 /* insert in list */
420 xp->next = xflast->next;
421 xflast->next = xp;
422 break; /* we're done */
423 }
424 rp = r; /* start check over */
425 }
426 /* got it */
427 r->rox = &xp->xf;
428 xflast = xp;
429 }
430
431
432 extern void
433 flipsurface( /* reverse surface orientation */
434 register RAY *r
435 )
436 {
437 r->rod = -r->rod;
438 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
439 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
440 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
441 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
442 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
443 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
444 }
445
446
447 extern void
448 rayhit( /* standard ray hit test */
449 OBJECT *oset,
450 RAY *r
451 )
452 {
453 OBJREC *o;
454 int i;
455
456 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
457 o = objptr(oset[i]);
458 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
459 r->robj = oset[i];
460 }
461 }
462
463
464 extern int
465 localhit( /* check for hit in the octree */
466 register RAY *r,
467 register CUBE *scene
468 )
469 {
470 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
471 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
472 int sflags; /* sign flags */
473 double t, dt;
474 register int i;
475
476 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
477 sflags = 0;
478 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
479 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
480 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
481 sflags |= 1 << i;
482 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
483 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
484 }
485 if (sflags == 0)
486 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
487 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
488 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
489 r->ro = &Aftplane;
490 r->rot = r->rmax;
491 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
492 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
493 }
494 /* find global cube entrance point */
495 t = 0.0;
496 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
497 /* find distance to entry */
498 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
499 /* plane in our direction */
500 if (sflags & 1<<i)
501 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
502 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
503 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
504 else
505 continue;
506 /* distance to the plane */
507 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
508 if (dt > t)
509 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
510 }
511 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
512 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
513 return(0);
514 /* advance position */
515 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
516 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
517
518 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
519 return(0);
520 }
521 cxset[0] = 0;
522 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
523 return((r->ro != NULL) & (r->ro != &Aftplane));
524 }
525
526
527 static int
528 raymove( /* check for hit as we move */
529 FVECT pos, /* current position, modified herein */
530 OBJECT *cxs, /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
531 int dirf, /* direction indicators to speed tests */
532 register RAY *r,
533 register CUBE *cu
534 )
535 {
536 int ax;
537 double dt, t;
538
539 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
540 CUBE cukid;
541 register int br, sgn;
542
543 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
544 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
545 br = 0;
546 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
547 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
548 br |= 1;
549 }
550 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
551 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
552 br |= 2;
553 }
554 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
555 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
556 br |= 4;
557 }
558 for ( ; ; ) {
559 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
560 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
561 return(RAYHIT);
562 sgn = 1 << ax;
563 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
564 if (sgn & br)
565 return(ax); /* overflow */
566 else {
567 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
568 br |= sgn;
569 }
570 else
571 if (sgn & br) {
572 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
573 br &= ~sgn;
574 } else
575 return(ax); /* underflow */
576 }
577 /*NOTREACHED*/
578 }
579 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
580 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
581 return(RAYHIT);
582 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
583 return(RAYHIT);
584 /* advance to next cube */
585 if (dirf&0x11) {
586 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
587 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
588 ax = 0;
589 } else
590 t = FHUGE;
591 if (dirf&0x22) {
592 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
593 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
594 if (dt < t) {
595 t = dt;
596 ax = 1;
597 }
598 }
599 if (dirf&0x44) {
600 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
601 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
602 if (dt < t) {
603 t = dt;
604 ax = 2;
605 }
606 }
607 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
608 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
609 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
610 return(ax);
611 }
612
613
614 static int
615 checkhit( /* check for hit in full cube */
616 register RAY *r,
617 CUBE *cu,
618 OBJECT *cxs
619 )
620 {
621 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
622
623 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
624 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
625
626 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
627
628 if (r->robj == OVOID)
629 return(0); /* no scores yet */
630
631 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
632 }
633
634
635 static void
636 checkset( /* modify checked set and set to check */
637 register OBJECT *os, /* os' = os - cs */
638 register OBJECT *cs /* cs' = cs + os */
639 )
640 {
641 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
642 register int i, j;
643 int k;
644 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
645 cset[0] = 0;
646 k = 0;
647 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
648 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
649 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
650 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
651 os[++k] = os[i];
652 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
653 }
654 }
655 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
656 return; /* special case */
657 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
658 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
659 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
660 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
661 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
662 os = cset;
663 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
664 *cs++ = *os++;
665 }