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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.48
Committed: Fri Apr 15 04:44:51 2005 UTC (19 years ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.47: +2 -4 lines
Log Message:
Eliminated revf member from RAY struct, as it was never really needed

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: raytrace.c,v 2.47 2005/04/14 18:04:12 greg Exp $";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13 #include "source.h"
14 #include "otypes.h"
15 #include "otspecial.h"
16
17 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
18
19 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
20 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
21
22 static RREAL Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
23 OBJREC Lamb = {
24 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
25 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
26 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
27
28 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
29
30 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
31
32 static int raymove(FVECT pos, OBJECT *cxs, int dirf, RAY *r, CUBE *cu);
33 static int checkhit(RAY *r, CUBE *cu, OBJECT *cxs);
34 static void checkset(OBJECT *os, OBJECT *cs);
35
36
37 extern int
38 rayorigin( /* start new ray from old one */
39 register RAY *r,
40 register RAY *ro,
41 int rt,
42 double rw
43 )
44 {
45 double re;
46
47 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
48 r->rlvl = 0;
49 r->rweight = rw;
50 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
51 r->rsrc = -1;
52 r->clipset = NULL;
53 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
54 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
55 r->gecc = seccg;
56 r->slights = NULL;
57 } else if (ro->rot >= FHUGE) { /* illegal continuation */
58 memset(r, 0, sizeof(RAY));
59 return(-1);
60 } else { /* spawned ray */
61 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
62 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
63 r->rlvl++;
64 r->rsrc = -1;
65 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
66 r->rmax = 0.0;
67 } else {
68 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
69 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
70 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
71 }
72 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
73 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
74 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
75 r->slights = ro->slights;
76 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
77 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
78 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
79 /* estimate absorption */
80 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
81 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
82 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
83 if (re > 0.)
84 r->rweight *= exp(-re*ro->rot);
85 }
86 rayclear(r);
87 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
88 }
89
90
91 extern void
92 rayclear( /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
93 register RAY *r
94 )
95 {
96 r->rno = raynum++;
97 r->newcset = r->clipset;
98 r->hitf = rayhit;
99 r->robj = OVOID;
100 r->ro = NULL;
101 r->rox = NULL;
102 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
103 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
104 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
105 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
106 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
107 }
108
109
110 extern void
111 rayvalue( /* trace a ray and compute its value */
112 RAY *r
113 )
114 {
115 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
116 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
117 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
118 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
119 r->rot = FHUGE;
120 } else if (sourcehit(r))
121 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
122
123 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
124
125 if (trace != NULL)
126 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
127 }
128
129
130 extern void
131 raycont( /* check for clipped object and continue */
132 register RAY *r
133 )
134 {
135 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
136 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
137 raytrans(r);
138 }
139
140
141 extern void
142 raytrans( /* transmit ray as is */
143 register RAY *r
144 )
145 {
146 RAY tr;
147
148 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
149 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
150 rayvalue(&tr);
151 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
152 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
153 }
154 }
155
156
157 extern int
158 rayshade( /* shade ray r with material mod */
159 register RAY *r,
160 int mod
161 )
162 {
163 register OBJREC *m;
164
165 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
166 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
167 m = objptr(mod);
168 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
169 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
170 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
171 error(USER, errmsg);
172 }
173 ******/
174 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
175 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS)) &&
176 m->otype != MAT_CLIP &&
177 (ofun[m->otype].flags & (T_M|T_X))) {
178 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
179 raytrans(r);
180 return(1);
181 }
182 if (!islight(m->otype))
183 m = &Lamb;
184 }
185 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r))
186 return(1); /* materials call raytexture() */
187 }
188 return(0); /* no material! */
189 }
190
191
192 extern void
193 rayparticipate( /* compute ray medium participation */
194 register RAY *r
195 )
196 {
197 COLOR ce, ca;
198 double re, ge, be;
199
200 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
201 return; /* no medium */
202 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
203 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
204 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
205 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
206 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
207 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
208 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
209 }
210 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
211 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
212 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
213 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
214 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
215 return; /* no scattering */
216 setcolor(ca,
217 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
218 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
219 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
220 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
221 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
222 }
223
224
225 extern void
226 raytexture( /* get material modifiers */
227 RAY *r,
228 OBJECT mod
229 )
230 {
231 register OBJREC *m;
232 /* execute textures and patterns */
233 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
234 m = objptr(mod);
235 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
236 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
237 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
238 error(USER, errmsg);
239 }
240 ******/
241 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
242 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
243 m->oname);
244 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
245 }
246 }
247 }
248
249
250 extern int
251 raymixture( /* mix modifiers */
252 register RAY *r,
253 OBJECT fore,
254 OBJECT back,
255 double coef
256 )
257 {
258 RAY fr, br;
259 int foremat, backmat;
260 register int i;
261 /* bound coefficient */
262 if (coef > 1.0)
263 coef = 1.0;
264 else if (coef < 0.0)
265 coef = 0.0;
266 /* compute foreground and background */
267 foremat = backmat = 0;
268 /* foreground */
269 fr = *r;
270 if (coef > FTINY)
271 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
272 /* background */
273 br = *r;
274 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
275 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
276 /* check for transparency */
277 if (backmat ^ foremat) {
278 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
279 raytrans(&fr);
280 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
281 raytrans(&br);
282 }
283 /* mix perturbations */
284 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
285 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
286 /* mix pattern colors */
287 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
288 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
289 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
290 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
291 /* return value tells if material */
292 if (!foremat & !backmat)
293 return(0);
294 /* mix returned ray values */
295 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
296 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
297 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
298 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
299 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
300 return(1);
301 }
302
303
304 extern double
305 raydist( /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
306 register RAY *r,
307 register int flags
308 )
309 {
310 double sum = 0.0;
311
312 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
313 sum += r->rot;
314 r = r->parent;
315 }
316 return(sum);
317 }
318
319
320 extern double
321 raynormal( /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
322 FVECT norm,
323 register RAY *r
324 )
325 {
326 double newdot;
327 register int i;
328
329 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
330 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
331 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
332 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
333 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
334 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
335 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
336 */
337
338 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
339 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
340
341 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
342 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
343 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
344 return(r->rod);
345 }
346 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
347 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
348 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
349 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
350 newdot = -newdot;
351 }
352 return(newdot);
353 }
354
355
356 extern void
357 newrayxf( /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
358 RAY *r
359 )
360 {
361 static struct xfn {
362 struct xfn *next;
363 FULLXF xf;
364 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
365 register struct xfn *xp;
366 register RAY *rp;
367
368 /*
369 * Search for transform in circular list that
370 * has no associated ray in the tree.
371 */
372 xp = xflast;
373 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
374 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
375 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
376 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
377 xp = (struct xfn *)malloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
378 if (xp == NULL)
379 error(SYSTEM,
380 "out of memory in newrayxf");
381 /* insert in list */
382 xp->next = xflast->next;
383 xflast->next = xp;
384 break; /* we're done */
385 }
386 rp = r; /* start check over */
387 }
388 /* got it */
389 r->rox = &xp->xf;
390 xflast = xp;
391 }
392
393
394 extern void
395 flipsurface( /* reverse surface orientation */
396 register RAY *r
397 )
398 {
399 r->rod = -r->rod;
400 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
401 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
402 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
403 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
404 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
405 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
406 }
407
408
409 extern void
410 rayhit( /* standard ray hit test */
411 OBJECT *oset,
412 RAY *r
413 )
414 {
415 OBJREC *o;
416 int i;
417
418 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
419 o = objptr(oset[i]);
420 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
421 r->robj = oset[i];
422 }
423 }
424
425
426 extern int
427 localhit( /* check for hit in the octree */
428 register RAY *r,
429 register CUBE *scene
430 )
431 {
432 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
433 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
434 int sflags; /* sign flags */
435 double t, dt;
436 register int i;
437
438 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
439 sflags = 0;
440 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
441 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
442 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
443 sflags |= 1 << i;
444 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
445 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
446 }
447 if (sflags == 0)
448 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
449 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
450 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
451 r->ro = &Aftplane;
452 r->rot = r->rmax;
453 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
454 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
455 }
456 /* find global cube entrance point */
457 t = 0.0;
458 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
459 /* find distance to entry */
460 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
461 /* plane in our direction */
462 if (sflags & 1<<i)
463 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
464 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
465 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
466 else
467 continue;
468 /* distance to the plane */
469 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
470 if (dt > t)
471 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
472 }
473 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
474 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
475 return(0);
476 /* advance position */
477 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
478 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
479
480 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
481 return(0);
482 }
483 cxset[0] = 0;
484 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
485 return((r->ro != NULL) & (r->ro != &Aftplane));
486 }
487
488
489 static int
490 raymove( /* check for hit as we move */
491 FVECT pos, /* current position, modified herein */
492 OBJECT *cxs, /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
493 int dirf, /* direction indicators to speed tests */
494 register RAY *r,
495 register CUBE *cu
496 )
497 {
498 int ax;
499 double dt, t;
500
501 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
502 CUBE cukid;
503 register int br, sgn;
504
505 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
506 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
507 br = 0;
508 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
509 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
510 br |= 1;
511 }
512 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
513 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
514 br |= 2;
515 }
516 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
517 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
518 br |= 4;
519 }
520 for ( ; ; ) {
521 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
522 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
523 return(RAYHIT);
524 sgn = 1 << ax;
525 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
526 if (sgn & br)
527 return(ax); /* overflow */
528 else {
529 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
530 br |= sgn;
531 }
532 else
533 if (sgn & br) {
534 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
535 br &= ~sgn;
536 } else
537 return(ax); /* underflow */
538 }
539 /*NOTREACHED*/
540 }
541 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
542 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
543 return(RAYHIT);
544 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
545 return(RAYHIT);
546 /* advance to next cube */
547 if (dirf&0x11) {
548 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
549 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
550 ax = 0;
551 } else
552 t = FHUGE;
553 if (dirf&0x22) {
554 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
555 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
556 if (dt < t) {
557 t = dt;
558 ax = 1;
559 }
560 }
561 if (dirf&0x44) {
562 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
563 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
564 if (dt < t) {
565 t = dt;
566 ax = 2;
567 }
568 }
569 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
570 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
571 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
572 return(ax);
573 }
574
575
576 static int
577 checkhit( /* check for hit in full cube */
578 register RAY *r,
579 CUBE *cu,
580 OBJECT *cxs
581 )
582 {
583 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
584
585 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
586 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
587
588 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
589
590 if (r->robj == OVOID)
591 return(0); /* no scores yet */
592
593 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
594 }
595
596
597 static void
598 checkset( /* modify checked set and set to check */
599 register OBJECT *os, /* os' = os - cs */
600 register OBJECT *cs /* cs' = cs + os */
601 )
602 {
603 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
604 register int i, j;
605 int k;
606 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
607 cset[0] = 0;
608 k = 0;
609 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
610 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
611 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
612 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
613 os[++k] = os[i];
614 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
615 }
616 }
617 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
618 return; /* special case */
619 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
620 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
621 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
622 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
623 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
624 os = cset;
625 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
626 *cs++ = *os++;
627 }