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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.46
Committed: Thu Mar 10 22:37:00 2005 UTC (19 years, 1 month ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.45: +4 -1 lines
Log Message:
Made illum work properly with distant source objects

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: raytrace.c,v 2.45 2004/03/30 16:13:01 schorsch Exp $";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13 #include "source.h"
14 #include "otypes.h"
15 #include "otspecial.h"
16
17 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
18
19 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
20 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
21
22 static RREAL Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
23 OBJREC Lamb = {
24 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
25 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
26 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
27
28 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
29
30 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
31
32 static int raymove(FVECT pos, OBJECT *cxs, int dirf, RAY *r, CUBE *cu);
33 static int checkhit(RAY *r, CUBE *cu, OBJECT *cxs);
34 static void checkset(OBJECT *os, OBJECT *cs);
35
36
37 extern int
38 rayorigin( /* start new ray from old one */
39 register RAY *r,
40 register RAY *ro,
41 int rt,
42 double rw
43 )
44 {
45 double re;
46
47 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
48 r->rlvl = 0;
49 r->rweight = rw;
50 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
51 r->rsrc = -1;
52 r->clipset = NULL;
53 r->revf = raytrace;
54 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
55 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
56 r->gecc = seccg;
57 r->slights = NULL;
58 } else if (ro->rot >= FHUGE) { /* illegal continuation */
59 memset(r, 0, sizeof(RAY));
60 return(-1);
61 } else { /* spawned ray */
62 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
63 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
64 r->rlvl++;
65 r->rsrc = -1;
66 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
67 r->rmax = 0.0;
68 } else {
69 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
70 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
71 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
72 }
73 r->revf = ro->revf;
74 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
75 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
76 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
77 r->slights = ro->slights;
78 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
79 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
80 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
81 /* estimate absorption */
82 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
83 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
84 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
85 if (re > 0.)
86 r->rweight *= exp(-re*ro->rot);
87 }
88 rayclear(r);
89 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
90 }
91
92
93 extern void
94 rayclear( /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
95 register RAY *r
96 )
97 {
98 r->rno = raynum++;
99 r->newcset = r->clipset;
100 r->hitf = rayhit;
101 r->robj = OVOID;
102 r->ro = NULL;
103 r->rox = NULL;
104 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
105 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
106 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
107 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
108 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
109 }
110
111
112 extern void
113 raytrace( /* trace a ray and compute its value */
114 RAY *r
115 )
116 {
117 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
118 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
119 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
120 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
121 r->rot = FHUGE;
122 } else if (sourcehit(r))
123 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
124
125 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
126
127 if (trace != NULL)
128 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
129 }
130
131
132 extern void
133 raycont( /* check for clipped object and continue */
134 register RAY *r
135 )
136 {
137 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
138 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
139 raytrans(r);
140 }
141
142
143 extern void
144 raytrans( /* transmit ray as is */
145 register RAY *r
146 )
147 {
148 RAY tr;
149
150 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
151 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
152 rayvalue(&tr);
153 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
154 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
155 }
156 }
157
158
159 extern int
160 rayshade( /* shade ray r with material mod */
161 register RAY *r,
162 int mod
163 )
164 {
165 int gotmat;
166 register OBJREC *m;
167 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
168 for (gotmat = 0; !gotmat && mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
169 m = objptr(mod);
170 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
171 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
172 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
173 error(USER, errmsg);
174 }
175 ******/
176 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
177 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS)) &&
178 m->otype != MAT_CLIP &&
179 (ofun[m->otype].flags & (T_M|T_X))) {
180 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
181 raytrans(r);
182 return(1);
183 }
184 if (!islight(m->otype))
185 m = &Lamb;
186 }
187 /* materials call raytexture */
188 gotmat = (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
189 }
190 return(gotmat);
191 }
192
193
194 extern void
195 rayparticipate( /* compute ray medium participation */
196 register RAY *r
197 )
198 {
199 COLOR ce, ca;
200 double re, ge, be;
201
202 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
203 return; /* no medium */
204 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
205 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
206 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
207 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
208 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
209 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
210 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
211 }
212 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
213 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
214 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
215 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
216 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
217 return; /* no scattering */
218 setcolor(ca,
219 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
220 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
221 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
222 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
223 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
224 }
225
226
227 extern void
228 raytexture( /* get material modifiers */
229 RAY *r,
230 OBJECT mod
231 )
232 {
233 register OBJREC *m;
234 /* execute textures and patterns */
235 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
236 m = objptr(mod);
237 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
238 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
239 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
240 error(USER, errmsg);
241 }
242 ******/
243 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
244 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
245 m->oname);
246 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
247 }
248 }
249 }
250
251
252 extern int
253 raymixture( /* mix modifiers */
254 register RAY *r,
255 OBJECT fore,
256 OBJECT back,
257 double coef
258 )
259 {
260 RAY fr, br;
261 int foremat, backmat;
262 register int i;
263 /* bound coefficient */
264 if (coef > 1.0)
265 coef = 1.0;
266 else if (coef < 0.0)
267 coef = 0.0;
268 /* compute foreground and background */
269 foremat = backmat = 0;
270 /* foreground */
271 fr = *r;
272 if (coef > FTINY)
273 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
274 /* background */
275 br = *r;
276 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
277 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
278 /* check for transparency */
279 if (backmat ^ foremat) {
280 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
281 raytrans(&fr);
282 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
283 raytrans(&br);
284 }
285 /* mix perturbations */
286 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
287 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
288 /* mix pattern colors */
289 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
290 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
291 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
292 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
293 /* return value tells if material */
294 if (!foremat & !backmat)
295 return(0);
296 /* mix returned ray values */
297 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
298 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
299 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
300 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
301 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
302 return(1);
303 }
304
305
306 extern double
307 raydist( /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
308 register RAY *r,
309 register int flags
310 )
311 {
312 double sum = 0.0;
313
314 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
315 sum += r->rot;
316 r = r->parent;
317 }
318 return(sum);
319 }
320
321
322 extern double
323 raynormal( /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
324 FVECT norm,
325 register RAY *r
326 )
327 {
328 double newdot;
329 register int i;
330
331 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
332 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
333 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
334 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
335 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
336 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
337 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
338 */
339
340 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
341 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
342
343 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
344 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
345 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
346 return(r->rod);
347 }
348 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
349 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
350 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
351 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
352 newdot = -newdot;
353 }
354 return(newdot);
355 }
356
357
358 extern void
359 newrayxf( /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
360 RAY *r
361 )
362 {
363 static struct xfn {
364 struct xfn *next;
365 FULLXF xf;
366 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
367 register struct xfn *xp;
368 register RAY *rp;
369
370 /*
371 * Search for transform in circular list that
372 * has no associated ray in the tree.
373 */
374 xp = xflast;
375 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
376 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
377 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
378 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
379 xp = (struct xfn *)malloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
380 if (xp == NULL)
381 error(SYSTEM,
382 "out of memory in newrayxf");
383 /* insert in list */
384 xp->next = xflast->next;
385 xflast->next = xp;
386 break; /* we're done */
387 }
388 rp = r; /* start check over */
389 }
390 /* got it */
391 r->rox = &xp->xf;
392 xflast = xp;
393 }
394
395
396 extern void
397 flipsurface( /* reverse surface orientation */
398 register RAY *r
399 )
400 {
401 r->rod = -r->rod;
402 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
403 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
404 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
405 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
406 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
407 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
408 }
409
410
411 extern void
412 rayhit( /* standard ray hit test */
413 OBJECT *oset,
414 RAY *r
415 )
416 {
417 OBJREC *o;
418 int i;
419
420 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
421 o = objptr(oset[i]);
422 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
423 r->robj = oset[i];
424 }
425 }
426
427
428 extern int
429 localhit( /* check for hit in the octree */
430 register RAY *r,
431 register CUBE *scene
432 )
433 {
434 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
435 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
436 int sflags; /* sign flags */
437 double t, dt;
438 register int i;
439
440 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
441 sflags = 0;
442 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
443 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
444 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
445 sflags |= 1 << i;
446 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
447 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
448 }
449 if (sflags == 0)
450 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
451 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
452 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
453 r->ro = &Aftplane;
454 r->rot = r->rmax;
455 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
456 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
457 }
458 /* find global cube entrance point */
459 t = 0.0;
460 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
461 /* find distance to entry */
462 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
463 /* plane in our direction */
464 if (sflags & 1<<i)
465 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
466 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
467 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
468 else
469 continue;
470 /* distance to the plane */
471 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
472 if (dt > t)
473 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
474 }
475 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
476 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
477 return(0);
478 /* advance position */
479 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
480 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
481
482 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
483 return(0);
484 }
485 cxset[0] = 0;
486 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
487 return((r->ro != NULL) & (r->ro != &Aftplane));
488 }
489
490
491 static int
492 raymove( /* check for hit as we move */
493 FVECT pos, /* current position, modified herein */
494 OBJECT *cxs, /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
495 int dirf, /* direction indicators to speed tests */
496 register RAY *r,
497 register CUBE *cu
498 )
499 {
500 int ax;
501 double dt, t;
502
503 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
504 CUBE cukid;
505 register int br, sgn;
506
507 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
508 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
509 br = 0;
510 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
511 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
512 br |= 1;
513 }
514 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
515 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
516 br |= 2;
517 }
518 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
519 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
520 br |= 4;
521 }
522 for ( ; ; ) {
523 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
524 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
525 return(RAYHIT);
526 sgn = 1 << ax;
527 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
528 if (sgn & br)
529 return(ax); /* overflow */
530 else {
531 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
532 br |= sgn;
533 }
534 else
535 if (sgn & br) {
536 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
537 br &= ~sgn;
538 } else
539 return(ax); /* underflow */
540 }
541 /*NOTREACHED*/
542 }
543 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
544 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
545 return(RAYHIT);
546 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
547 return(RAYHIT);
548 /* advance to next cube */
549 if (dirf&0x11) {
550 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
551 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
552 ax = 0;
553 } else
554 t = FHUGE;
555 if (dirf&0x22) {
556 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
557 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
558 if (dt < t) {
559 t = dt;
560 ax = 1;
561 }
562 }
563 if (dirf&0x44) {
564 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
565 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
566 if (dt < t) {
567 t = dt;
568 ax = 2;
569 }
570 }
571 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
572 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
573 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
574 return(ax);
575 }
576
577
578 static int
579 checkhit( /* check for hit in full cube */
580 register RAY *r,
581 CUBE *cu,
582 OBJECT *cxs
583 )
584 {
585 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
586
587 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
588 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
589
590 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
591
592 if (r->robj == OVOID)
593 return(0); /* no scores yet */
594
595 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
596 }
597
598
599 static void
600 checkset( /* modify checked set and set to check */
601 register OBJECT *os, /* os' = os - cs */
602 register OBJECT *cs /* cs' = cs + os */
603 )
604 {
605 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
606 register int i, j;
607 int k;
608 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
609 cset[0] = 0;
610 k = 0;
611 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
612 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
613 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
614 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
615 os[++k] = os[i];
616 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
617 }
618 }
619 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
620 return; /* special case */
621 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
622 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
623 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
624 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
625 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
626 os = cset;
627 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
628 *cs++ = *os++;
629 }