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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.44
Committed: Wed Dec 31 01:50:02 2003 UTC (20 years, 4 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.43: +1 -26 lines
Log Message:
Created a source occluder cache to accelerate shadow testing.

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: raytrace.c,v 2.43 2003/09/09 03:28:43 greg Exp $";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13
14 #include "otypes.h"
15
16 #include "otspecial.h"
17
18 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
19
20 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
21 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
22
23 static RREAL Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
24 OBJREC Lamb = {
25 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
26 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
27 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
28
29 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
30
31 static int raymove(), checkhit();
32 static void checkset();
33
34 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
35
36
37 int
38 rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */
39 register RAY *r, *ro;
40 int rt;
41 double rw;
42 {
43 double re;
44
45 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
46 r->rlvl = 0;
47 r->rweight = rw;
48 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
49 r->rsrc = -1;
50 r->clipset = NULL;
51 r->revf = raytrace;
52 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
53 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
54 r->gecc = seccg;
55 r->slights = NULL;
56 } else { /* spawned ray */
57 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
58 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
59 r->rlvl++;
60 r->rsrc = -1;
61 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
62 r->rmax = 0.0;
63 } else {
64 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
65 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
66 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
67 }
68 r->revf = ro->revf;
69 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
70 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
71 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
72 r->slights = ro->slights;
73 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
74 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
75 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
76 /* estimate absorption */
77 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
78 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
79 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
80 if (re > 0.)
81 r->rweight *= exp(-re*ro->rot);
82 }
83 rayclear(r);
84 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
85 }
86
87
88 void
89 rayclear(r) /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
90 register RAY *r;
91 {
92 r->rno = raynum++;
93 r->newcset = r->clipset;
94 r->hitf = rayhit;
95 r->robj = OVOID;
96 r->ro = NULL;
97 r->rox = NULL;
98 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
99 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
100 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
101 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
102 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
103 }
104
105
106 void
107 raytrace(r) /* trace a ray and compute its value */
108 RAY *r;
109 {
110 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
111 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
112 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
113 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
114 r->rot = FHUGE;
115 } else if (sourcehit(r))
116 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
117
118 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
119
120 if (trace != NULL)
121 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
122 }
123
124
125 void
126 raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */
127 register RAY *r;
128 {
129 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
130 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
131 raytrans(r);
132 }
133
134
135 void
136 raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */
137 register RAY *r;
138 {
139 RAY tr;
140
141 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
142 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
143 rayvalue(&tr);
144 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
145 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
146 }
147 }
148
149
150 int
151 rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */
152 register RAY *r;
153 int mod;
154 {
155 int gotmat;
156 register OBJREC *m;
157 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
158 for (gotmat = 0; !gotmat && mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
159 m = objptr(mod);
160 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
161 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
162 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
163 error(USER, errmsg);
164 }
165 ******/
166 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
167 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS)) &&
168 m->otype != MAT_CLIP &&
169 (ofun[m->otype].flags & (T_M|T_X))) {
170 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
171 raytrans(r);
172 return(1);
173 }
174 if (!islight(m->otype))
175 m = &Lamb;
176 }
177 /* materials call raytexture */
178 gotmat = (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
179 }
180 return(gotmat);
181 }
182
183
184 void
185 rayparticipate(r) /* compute ray medium participation */
186 register RAY *r;
187 {
188 COLOR ce, ca;
189 double re, ge, be;
190
191 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
192 return; /* no medium */
193 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
194 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
195 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
196 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
197 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
198 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
199 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
200 }
201 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
202 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
203 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
204 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
205 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
206 return; /* no scattering */
207 setcolor(ca,
208 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
209 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
210 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
211 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
212 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
213 }
214
215
216 void
217 raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */
218 RAY *r;
219 OBJECT mod;
220 {
221 register OBJREC *m;
222 /* execute textures and patterns */
223 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
224 m = objptr(mod);
225 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
226 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
227 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
228 error(USER, errmsg);
229 }
230 ******/
231 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
232 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
233 m->oname);
234 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
235 }
236 }
237 }
238
239
240 int
241 raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */
242 register RAY *r;
243 OBJECT fore, back;
244 double coef;
245 {
246 RAY fr, br;
247 int foremat, backmat;
248 register int i;
249 /* bound coefficient */
250 if (coef > 1.0)
251 coef = 1.0;
252 else if (coef < 0.0)
253 coef = 0.0;
254 /* compute foreground and background */
255 foremat = backmat = 0;
256 /* foreground */
257 fr = *r;
258 if (coef > FTINY)
259 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
260 /* background */
261 br = *r;
262 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
263 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
264 /* check for transparency */
265 if (backmat ^ foremat) {
266 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
267 raytrans(&fr);
268 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
269 raytrans(&br);
270 }
271 /* mix perturbations */
272 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
273 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
274 /* mix pattern colors */
275 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
276 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
277 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
278 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
279 /* return value tells if material */
280 if (!foremat & !backmat)
281 return(0);
282 /* mix returned ray values */
283 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
284 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
285 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
286 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
287 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
288 return(1);
289 }
290
291
292 double
293 raydist(r, flags) /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
294 register RAY *r;
295 register int flags;
296 {
297 double sum = 0.0;
298
299 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
300 sum += r->rot;
301 r = r->parent;
302 }
303 return(sum);
304 }
305
306
307 double
308 raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
309 FVECT norm;
310 register RAY *r;
311 {
312 double newdot;
313 register int i;
314
315 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
316 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
317 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
318 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
319 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
320 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
321 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
322 */
323
324 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
325 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
326
327 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
328 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
329 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
330 return(r->rod);
331 }
332 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
333 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
334 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
335 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
336 newdot = -newdot;
337 }
338 return(newdot);
339 }
340
341
342 void
343 newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
344 RAY *r;
345 {
346 static struct xfn {
347 struct xfn *next;
348 FULLXF xf;
349 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
350 register struct xfn *xp;
351 register RAY *rp;
352
353 /*
354 * Search for transform in circular list that
355 * has no associated ray in the tree.
356 */
357 xp = xflast;
358 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
359 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
360 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
361 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
362 xp = (struct xfn *)malloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
363 if (xp == NULL)
364 error(SYSTEM,
365 "out of memory in newrayxf");
366 /* insert in list */
367 xp->next = xflast->next;
368 xflast->next = xp;
369 break; /* we're done */
370 }
371 rp = r; /* start check over */
372 }
373 /* got it */
374 r->rox = &xp->xf;
375 xflast = xp;
376 }
377
378
379 void
380 flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */
381 register RAY *r;
382 {
383 r->rod = -r->rod;
384 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
385 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
386 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
387 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
388 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
389 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
390 }
391
392
393 void
394 rayhit(oset, r) /* standard ray hit test */
395 OBJECT *oset;
396 RAY *r;
397 {
398 OBJREC *o;
399 int i;
400
401 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
402 o = objptr(oset[i]);
403 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
404 r->robj = oset[i];
405 }
406 }
407
408
409 int
410 localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */
411 register RAY *r;
412 register CUBE *scene;
413 {
414 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
415 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
416 int sflags; /* sign flags */
417 double t, dt;
418 register int i;
419
420 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
421 sflags = 0;
422 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
423 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
424 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
425 sflags |= 1 << i;
426 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
427 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
428 }
429 if (sflags == 0)
430 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
431 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
432 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
433 r->ro = &Aftplane;
434 r->rot = r->rmax;
435 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
436 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
437 }
438 /* find global cube entrance point */
439 t = 0.0;
440 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
441 /* find distance to entry */
442 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
443 /* plane in our direction */
444 if (sflags & 1<<i)
445 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
446 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
447 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
448 else
449 continue;
450 /* distance to the plane */
451 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
452 if (dt > t)
453 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
454 }
455 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
456 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
457 return(0);
458 /* advance position */
459 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
460 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
461
462 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
463 return(0);
464 }
465 cxset[0] = 0;
466 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
467 return((r->ro != NULL) & (r->ro != &Aftplane));
468 }
469
470
471 static int
472 raymove(pos, cxs, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */
473 FVECT pos; /* current position, modified herein */
474 OBJECT *cxs; /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
475 int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */
476 register RAY *r;
477 register CUBE *cu;
478 {
479 int ax;
480 double dt, t;
481
482 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
483 CUBE cukid;
484 register int br, sgn;
485
486 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
487 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
488 br = 0;
489 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
490 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
491 br |= 1;
492 }
493 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
494 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
495 br |= 2;
496 }
497 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
498 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
499 br |= 4;
500 }
501 for ( ; ; ) {
502 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
503 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
504 return(RAYHIT);
505 sgn = 1 << ax;
506 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
507 if (sgn & br)
508 return(ax); /* overflow */
509 else {
510 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
511 br |= sgn;
512 }
513 else
514 if (sgn & br) {
515 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
516 br &= ~sgn;
517 } else
518 return(ax); /* underflow */
519 }
520 /*NOTREACHED*/
521 }
522 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
523 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
524 return(RAYHIT);
525 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
526 return(RAYHIT);
527 /* advance to next cube */
528 if (dirf&0x11) {
529 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
530 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
531 ax = 0;
532 } else
533 t = FHUGE;
534 if (dirf&0x22) {
535 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
536 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
537 if (dt < t) {
538 t = dt;
539 ax = 1;
540 }
541 }
542 if (dirf&0x44) {
543 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
544 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
545 if (dt < t) {
546 t = dt;
547 ax = 2;
548 }
549 }
550 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
551 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
552 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
553 return(ax);
554 }
555
556
557 static int
558 checkhit(r, cu, cxs) /* check for hit in full cube */
559 register RAY *r;
560 CUBE *cu;
561 OBJECT *cxs;
562 {
563 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
564
565 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
566 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
567
568 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
569
570 if (r->robj == OVOID)
571 return(0); /* no scores yet */
572
573 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
574 }
575
576
577 static void
578 checkset(os, cs) /* modify checked set and set to check */
579 register OBJECT *os; /* os' = os - cs */
580 register OBJECT *cs; /* cs' = cs + os */
581 {
582 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
583 register int i, j;
584 int k;
585 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
586 cset[0] = 0;
587 k = 0;
588 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
589 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
590 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
591 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
592 os[++k] = os[i];
593 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
594 }
595 }
596 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
597 return; /* special case */
598 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
599 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
600 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
601 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
602 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
603 os = cset;
604 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
605 *cs++ = *os++;
606 }