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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.41
Committed: Mon Jul 21 22:30:19 2003 UTC (20 years, 9 months ago) by schorsch
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.40: +5 -4 lines
Log Message:
Eliminated copystruct() macro, which is unnecessary in ANSI.
Reduced ambiguity warnings for nested if/if/else clauses.

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: raytrace.c,v 2.40 2003/06/26 00:58:10 schorsch Exp $";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13
14 #include "otypes.h"
15
16 #include "otspecial.h"
17
18 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
19
20 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
21 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
22
23 static RREAL Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
24 OBJREC Lamb = {
25 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
26 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
27 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
28
29 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
30
31 static int raymove(), checkhit();
32 static void checkset();
33
34 #ifndef MAXLOOP
35 #define MAXLOOP 0 /* modifier loop detection */
36 #endif
37
38 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
39
40
41 int
42 rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */
43 register RAY *r, *ro;
44 int rt;
45 double rw;
46 {
47 double re;
48
49 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
50 r->rlvl = 0;
51 r->rweight = rw;
52 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
53 r->rsrc = -1;
54 r->clipset = NULL;
55 r->revf = raytrace;
56 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
57 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
58 r->gecc = seccg;
59 r->slights = NULL;
60 } else { /* spawned ray */
61 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
62 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
63 r->rlvl++;
64 r->rsrc = -1;
65 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
66 r->rmax = 0.0;
67 } else {
68 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
69 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
70 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
71 }
72 r->revf = ro->revf;
73 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
74 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
75 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
76 r->slights = ro->slights;
77 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
78 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
79 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
80 /* estimate absorption */
81 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
82 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
83 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
84 if (re > 0.)
85 r->rweight *= exp(-re*ro->rot);
86 }
87 rayclear(r);
88 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
89 }
90
91
92 void
93 rayclear(r) /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
94 register RAY *r;
95 {
96 r->rno = raynum++;
97 r->newcset = r->clipset;
98 r->hitf = rayhit;
99 r->robj = OVOID;
100 r->ro = NULL;
101 r->rox = NULL;
102 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
103 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
104 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
105 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
106 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
107 }
108
109
110 void
111 raytrace(r) /* trace a ray and compute its value */
112 RAY *r;
113 {
114 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
115 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
116 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
117 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
118 r->rot = FHUGE;
119 } else if (sourcehit(r))
120 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
121
122 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
123
124 if (trace != NULL)
125 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
126 }
127
128
129 void
130 raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */
131 register RAY *r;
132 {
133 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
134 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
135 raytrans(r);
136 }
137
138
139 void
140 raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */
141 register RAY *r;
142 {
143 RAY tr;
144
145 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
146 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
147 rayvalue(&tr);
148 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
149 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
150 }
151 }
152
153
154 int
155 rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */
156 register RAY *r;
157 int mod;
158 {
159 int gotmat;
160 register OBJREC *m;
161 #if MAXLOOP
162 static int depth = 0;
163 /* check for infinite loop */
164 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
165 objerror(r->ro, USER, "possible modifier loop");
166 #endif
167 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
168 for (gotmat = 0; !gotmat && mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
169 m = objptr(mod);
170 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
171 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
172 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
173 error(USER, errmsg);
174 }
175 ******/
176 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
177 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS)) &&
178 (ofun[m->otype].flags & (T_M|T_X))) {
179 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
180 #if MAXLOOP
181 depth--;
182 #endif
183 raytrans(r);
184 return(1);
185 }
186 if (!islight(m->otype))
187 m = &Lamb;
188 }
189 /* materials call raytexture */
190 gotmat = (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
191 }
192 #if MAXLOOP
193 depth--;
194 #endif
195 return(gotmat);
196 }
197
198
199 void
200 rayparticipate(r) /* compute ray medium participation */
201 register RAY *r;
202 {
203 COLOR ce, ca;
204 double re, ge, be;
205
206 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
207 return; /* no medium */
208 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
209 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
210 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
211 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
212 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
213 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
214 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
215 }
216 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
217 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
218 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
219 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
220 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
221 return; /* no scattering */
222 setcolor(ca,
223 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
224 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
225 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
226 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
227 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
228 }
229
230
231 void
232 raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */
233 RAY *r;
234 OBJECT mod;
235 {
236 register OBJREC *m;
237 #if MAXLOOP
238 static int depth = 0;
239 /* check for infinite loop */
240 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
241 objerror(r->ro, USER, "modifier loop");
242 #endif
243 /* execute textures and patterns */
244 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
245 m = objptr(mod);
246 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
247 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
248 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
249 error(USER, errmsg);
250 }
251 ******/
252 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
253 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
254 m->oname);
255 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
256 }
257 }
258 #if MAXLOOP
259 depth--; /* end here */
260 #endif
261 }
262
263
264 int
265 raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */
266 register RAY *r;
267 OBJECT fore, back;
268 double coef;
269 {
270 RAY fr, br;
271 int foremat, backmat;
272 register int i;
273 /* bound coefficient */
274 if (coef > 1.0)
275 coef = 1.0;
276 else if (coef < 0.0)
277 coef = 0.0;
278 /* compute foreground and background */
279 foremat = backmat = 0;
280 /* foreground */
281 fr = *r;
282 if (coef > FTINY)
283 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
284 /* background */
285 br = *r;
286 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
287 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
288 /* check for transparency */
289 if (backmat ^ foremat) {
290 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
291 raytrans(&fr);
292 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
293 raytrans(&br);
294 }
295 /* mix perturbations */
296 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
297 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
298 /* mix pattern colors */
299 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
300 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
301 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
302 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
303 /* return value tells if material */
304 if (!foremat & !backmat)
305 return(0);
306 /* mix returned ray values */
307 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
308 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
309 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
310 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
311 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
312 return(1);
313 }
314
315
316 double
317 raydist(r, flags) /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
318 register RAY *r;
319 register int flags;
320 {
321 double sum = 0.0;
322
323 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
324 sum += r->rot;
325 r = r->parent;
326 }
327 return(sum);
328 }
329
330
331 double
332 raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
333 FVECT norm;
334 register RAY *r;
335 {
336 double newdot;
337 register int i;
338
339 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
340 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
341 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
342 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
343 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
344 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
345 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
346 */
347
348 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
349 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
350
351 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
352 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
353 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
354 return(r->rod);
355 }
356 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
357 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
358 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
359 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
360 newdot = -newdot;
361 }
362 return(newdot);
363 }
364
365
366 void
367 newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
368 RAY *r;
369 {
370 static struct xfn {
371 struct xfn *next;
372 FULLXF xf;
373 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
374 register struct xfn *xp;
375 register RAY *rp;
376
377 /*
378 * Search for transform in circular list that
379 * has no associated ray in the tree.
380 */
381 xp = xflast;
382 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
383 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
384 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
385 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
386 xp = (struct xfn *)malloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
387 if (xp == NULL)
388 error(SYSTEM,
389 "out of memory in newrayxf");
390 /* insert in list */
391 xp->next = xflast->next;
392 xflast->next = xp;
393 break; /* we're done */
394 }
395 rp = r; /* start check over */
396 }
397 /* got it */
398 r->rox = &xp->xf;
399 xflast = xp;
400 }
401
402
403 void
404 flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */
405 register RAY *r;
406 {
407 r->rod = -r->rod;
408 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
409 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
410 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
411 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
412 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
413 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
414 }
415
416
417 void
418 rayhit(oset, r) /* standard ray hit test */
419 OBJECT *oset;
420 RAY *r;
421 {
422 OBJREC *o;
423 int i;
424
425 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
426 o = objptr(oset[i]);
427 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
428 r->robj = oset[i];
429 }
430 }
431
432
433 int
434 localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */
435 register RAY *r;
436 register CUBE *scene;
437 {
438 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
439 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
440 int sflags; /* sign flags */
441 double t, dt;
442 register int i;
443
444 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
445 sflags = 0;
446 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
447 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
448 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
449 sflags |= 1 << i;
450 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
451 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
452 }
453 if (sflags == 0)
454 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
455 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
456 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
457 r->ro = &Aftplane;
458 r->rot = r->rmax;
459 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
460 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
461 }
462 /* find global cube entrance point */
463 t = 0.0;
464 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
465 /* find distance to entry */
466 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
467 /* plane in our direction */
468 if (sflags & 1<<i)
469 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
470 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
471 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
472 else
473 continue;
474 /* distance to the plane */
475 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
476 if (dt > t)
477 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
478 }
479 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
480 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
481 return(0);
482 /* advance position */
483 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
484 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
485
486 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
487 return(0);
488 }
489 cxset[0] = 0;
490 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
491 return(r->ro != NULL & r->ro != &Aftplane);
492 }
493
494
495 static int
496 raymove(pos, cxs, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */
497 FVECT pos; /* current position, modified herein */
498 OBJECT *cxs; /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
499 int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */
500 register RAY *r;
501 register CUBE *cu;
502 {
503 int ax;
504 double dt, t;
505
506 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
507 CUBE cukid;
508 register int br, sgn;
509
510 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
511 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
512 br = 0;
513 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
514 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
515 br |= 1;
516 }
517 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
518 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
519 br |= 2;
520 }
521 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
522 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
523 br |= 4;
524 }
525 for ( ; ; ) {
526 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
527 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
528 return(RAYHIT);
529 sgn = 1 << ax;
530 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
531 if (sgn & br)
532 return(ax); /* overflow */
533 else {
534 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
535 br |= sgn;
536 }
537 else
538 if (sgn & br) {
539 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
540 br &= ~sgn;
541 } else
542 return(ax); /* underflow */
543 }
544 /*NOTREACHED*/
545 }
546 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
547 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
548 return(RAYHIT);
549 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
550 return(RAYHIT);
551 /* advance to next cube */
552 if (dirf&0x11) {
553 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
554 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
555 ax = 0;
556 } else
557 t = FHUGE;
558 if (dirf&0x22) {
559 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
560 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
561 if (dt < t) {
562 t = dt;
563 ax = 1;
564 }
565 }
566 if (dirf&0x44) {
567 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
568 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
569 if (dt < t) {
570 t = dt;
571 ax = 2;
572 }
573 }
574 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
575 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
576 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
577 return(ax);
578 }
579
580
581 static int
582 checkhit(r, cu, cxs) /* check for hit in full cube */
583 register RAY *r;
584 CUBE *cu;
585 OBJECT *cxs;
586 {
587 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
588
589 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
590 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
591
592 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
593
594 if (r->robj == OVOID)
595 return(0); /* no scores yet */
596
597 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
598 }
599
600
601 static void
602 checkset(os, cs) /* modify checked set and set to check */
603 register OBJECT *os; /* os' = os - cs */
604 register OBJECT *cs; /* cs' = cs + os */
605 {
606 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
607 register int i, j;
608 int k;
609 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
610 cset[0] = 0;
611 k = 0;
612 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
613 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
614 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
615 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
616 os[++k] = os[i];
617 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
618 }
619 }
620 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
621 return; /* special case */
622 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
623 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
624 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
625 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
626 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
627 os = cset;
628 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
629 *cs++ = *os++;
630 }