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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.37
Committed: Tue Mar 11 17:08:55 2003 UTC (21 years, 1 month ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.36: +1 -0 lines
Log Message:
First working version of new "mesh" primitive, obj2mesh converter

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id$";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13
14 #include "otypes.h"
15
16 #include "otspecial.h"
17
18 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
19
20 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
21 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
22
23 static FLOAT Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
24 OBJREC Lamb = {
25 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
26 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
27 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
28
29 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
30
31 static int raymove(), checkhit();
32 static void checkset();
33
34 #ifndef MAXLOOP
35 #define MAXLOOP 0 /* modifier loop detection */
36 #endif
37
38 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
39
40
41 int
42 rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */
43 register RAY *r, *ro;
44 int rt;
45 double rw;
46 {
47 double re;
48
49 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
50 r->rlvl = 0;
51 r->rweight = rw;
52 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
53 r->rsrc = -1;
54 r->clipset = NULL;
55 r->revf = raytrace;
56 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
57 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
58 r->gecc = seccg;
59 r->slights = NULL;
60 } else { /* spawned ray */
61 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
62 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
63 r->rlvl++;
64 r->rsrc = -1;
65 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
66 r->rmax = 0.0;
67 } else {
68 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
69 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
70 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
71 }
72 r->revf = ro->revf;
73 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
74 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
75 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
76 r->slights = ro->slights;
77 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
78 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
79 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
80 /* estimate absorption */
81 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
82 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
83 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
84 if (re > 0.)
85 r->rweight *= exp(-re*ro->rot);
86 }
87 rayclear(r);
88 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
89 }
90
91
92 void
93 rayclear(r) /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
94 register RAY *r;
95 {
96 r->rno = raynum++;
97 r->newcset = r->clipset;
98 r->hitf = rayhit;
99 r->robj = OVOID;
100 r->ro = NULL;
101 r->rox = NULL;
102 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
103 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
104 r->uv[0] = r->uv[1] = 0.0;
105 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
106 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
107 }
108
109
110 void
111 raytrace(r) /* trace a ray and compute its value */
112 RAY *r;
113 {
114 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
115 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
116 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
117 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
118 r->rot = FHUGE;
119 } else if (sourcehit(r))
120 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
121
122 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
123
124 if (trace != NULL)
125 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
126 }
127
128
129 void
130 raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */
131 register RAY *r;
132 {
133 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
134 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
135 raytrans(r);
136 }
137
138
139 void
140 raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */
141 register RAY *r;
142 {
143 RAY tr;
144
145 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
146 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
147 rayvalue(&tr);
148 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
149 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
150 }
151 }
152
153
154 int
155 rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */
156 register RAY *r;
157 int mod;
158 {
159 int gotmat;
160 register OBJREC *m;
161 #if MAXLOOP
162 static int depth = 0;
163 /* check for infinite loop */
164 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
165 objerror(r->ro, USER, "possible modifier loop");
166 #endif
167 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
168 for (gotmat = 0; !gotmat && mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
169 m = objptr(mod);
170 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
171 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
172 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
173 error(USER, errmsg);
174 }
175 ******/
176 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
177 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS))) {
178 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
179 #if MAXLOOP
180 depth--;
181 #endif
182 raytrans(r);
183 return(1);
184 }
185 if (!islight(m->otype))
186 m = &Lamb;
187 }
188 /* materials call raytexture */
189 gotmat = (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
190 }
191 #if MAXLOOP
192 depth--;
193 #endif
194 return(gotmat);
195 }
196
197
198 void
199 rayparticipate(r) /* compute ray medium participation */
200 register RAY *r;
201 {
202 COLOR ce, ca;
203 double re, ge, be;
204
205 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
206 return; /* no medium */
207 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
208 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
209 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
210 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
211 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
212 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
213 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
214 }
215 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
216 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
217 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
218 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
219 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
220 return; /* no scattering */
221 setcolor(ca,
222 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
223 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
224 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
225 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
226 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
227 }
228
229
230 raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */
231 RAY *r;
232 int mod;
233 {
234 register OBJREC *m;
235 #if MAXLOOP
236 static int depth = 0;
237 /* check for infinite loop */
238 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
239 objerror(r->ro, USER, "modifier loop");
240 #endif
241 /* execute textures and patterns */
242 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
243 m = objptr(mod);
244 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
245 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
246 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
247 error(USER, errmsg);
248 }
249 ******/
250 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
251 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
252 m->oname);
253 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
254 }
255 }
256 #if MAXLOOP
257 depth--; /* end here */
258 #endif
259 }
260
261
262 int
263 raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */
264 register RAY *r;
265 OBJECT fore, back;
266 double coef;
267 {
268 RAY fr, br;
269 int foremat, backmat;
270 register int i;
271 /* bound coefficient */
272 if (coef > 1.0)
273 coef = 1.0;
274 else if (coef < 0.0)
275 coef = 0.0;
276 /* compute foreground and background */
277 foremat = backmat = 0;
278 /* foreground */
279 copystruct(&fr, r);
280 if (coef > FTINY)
281 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
282 /* background */
283 copystruct(&br, r);
284 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
285 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
286 /* check for transparency */
287 if (backmat ^ foremat)
288 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
289 raytrans(&fr);
290 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
291 raytrans(&br);
292 /* mix perturbations */
293 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
294 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
295 /* mix pattern colors */
296 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
297 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
298 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
299 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
300 /* return value tells if material */
301 if (!foremat & !backmat)
302 return(0);
303 /* mix returned ray values */
304 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
305 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
306 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
307 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
308 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
309 return(1);
310 }
311
312
313 double
314 raydist(r, flags) /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
315 register RAY *r;
316 register int flags;
317 {
318 double sum = 0.0;
319
320 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
321 sum += r->rot;
322 r = r->parent;
323 }
324 return(sum);
325 }
326
327
328 double
329 raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
330 FVECT norm;
331 register RAY *r;
332 {
333 double newdot;
334 register int i;
335
336 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
337 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
338 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
339 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
340 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
341 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
342 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
343 */
344
345 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
346 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
347
348 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
349 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
350 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
351 return(r->rod);
352 }
353 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
354 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
355 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
356 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
357 newdot = -newdot;
358 }
359 return(newdot);
360 }
361
362
363 void
364 newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
365 RAY *r;
366 {
367 static struct xfn {
368 struct xfn *next;
369 FULLXF xf;
370 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
371 register struct xfn *xp;
372 register RAY *rp;
373
374 /*
375 * Search for transform in circular list that
376 * has no associated ray in the tree.
377 */
378 xp = xflast;
379 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
380 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
381 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
382 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
383 xp = (struct xfn *)malloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
384 if (xp == NULL)
385 error(SYSTEM,
386 "out of memory in newrayxf");
387 /* insert in list */
388 xp->next = xflast->next;
389 xflast->next = xp;
390 break; /* we're done */
391 }
392 rp = r; /* start check over */
393 }
394 /* got it */
395 r->rox = &xp->xf;
396 xflast = xp;
397 }
398
399
400 void
401 flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */
402 register RAY *r;
403 {
404 r->rod = -r->rod;
405 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
406 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
407 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
408 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
409 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
410 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
411 }
412
413
414 void
415 rayhit(oset, r) /* standard ray hit test */
416 OBJECT *oset;
417 RAY *r;
418 {
419 OBJREC *o;
420 int i;
421
422 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
423 o = objptr(oset[i]);
424 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
425 r->robj = oset[i];
426 }
427 }
428
429
430 int
431 localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */
432 register RAY *r;
433 register CUBE *scene;
434 {
435 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
436 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
437 int sflags; /* sign flags */
438 double t, dt;
439 register int i;
440
441 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
442 sflags = 0;
443 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
444 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
445 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
446 sflags |= 1 << i;
447 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
448 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
449 }
450 if (sflags == 0)
451 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
452 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
453 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
454 r->ro = &Aftplane;
455 r->rot = r->rmax;
456 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
457 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
458 }
459 /* find global cube entrance point */
460 t = 0.0;
461 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
462 /* find distance to entry */
463 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
464 /* plane in our direction */
465 if (sflags & 1<<i)
466 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
467 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
468 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
469 else
470 continue;
471 /* distance to the plane */
472 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
473 if (dt > t)
474 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
475 }
476 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
477 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
478 return(0);
479 /* advance position */
480 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
481 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
482
483 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
484 return(0);
485 }
486 cxset[0] = 0;
487 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
488 return(r->ro != NULL & r->ro != &Aftplane);
489 }
490
491
492 static int
493 raymove(pos, cxs, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */
494 FVECT pos; /* current position, modified herein */
495 OBJECT *cxs; /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
496 int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */
497 register RAY *r;
498 register CUBE *cu;
499 {
500 int ax;
501 double dt, t;
502
503 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
504 CUBE cukid;
505 register int br, sgn;
506
507 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
508 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
509 br = 0;
510 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
511 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
512 br |= 1;
513 }
514 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
515 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
516 br |= 2;
517 }
518 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
519 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
520 br |= 4;
521 }
522 for ( ; ; ) {
523 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
524 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
525 return(RAYHIT);
526 sgn = 1 << ax;
527 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
528 if (sgn & br)
529 return(ax); /* overflow */
530 else {
531 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
532 br |= sgn;
533 }
534 else
535 if (sgn & br) {
536 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
537 br &= ~sgn;
538 } else
539 return(ax); /* underflow */
540 }
541 /*NOTREACHED*/
542 }
543 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
544 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
545 return(RAYHIT);
546 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
547 return(RAYHIT);
548 /* advance to next cube */
549 if (dirf&0x11) {
550 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
551 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
552 ax = 0;
553 } else
554 t = FHUGE;
555 if (dirf&0x22) {
556 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
557 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
558 if (dt < t) {
559 t = dt;
560 ax = 1;
561 }
562 }
563 if (dirf&0x44) {
564 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
565 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
566 if (dt < t) {
567 t = dt;
568 ax = 2;
569 }
570 }
571 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
572 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
573 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
574 return(ax);
575 }
576
577
578 static int
579 checkhit(r, cu, cxs) /* check for hit in full cube */
580 register RAY *r;
581 CUBE *cu;
582 OBJECT *cxs;
583 {
584 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
585
586 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
587 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
588
589 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
590
591 if (r->robj == OVOID)
592 return(0); /* no scores yet */
593
594 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
595 }
596
597
598 static void
599 checkset(os, cs) /* modify checked set and set to check */
600 register OBJECT *os; /* os' = os - cs */
601 register OBJECT *cs; /* cs' = cs + os */
602 {
603 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
604 register int i, j;
605 int k;
606 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
607 cset[0] = 0;
608 k = 0;
609 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
610 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
611 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
612 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
613 os[++k] = os[i];
614 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
615 }
616 }
617 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
618 return; /* special case */
619 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
620 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
621 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
622 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
623 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
624 os = cset;
625 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
626 *cs++ = *os++;
627 }