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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.36
Committed: Tue Mar 4 19:02:22 2003 UTC (21 years, 2 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.35: +23 -10 lines
Log Message:
Modified new ray hit interface to check whole sets at a time

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id$";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 #include "copyright.h"
11
12 #include "ray.h"
13
14 #include "otypes.h"
15
16 #include "otspecial.h"
17
18 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
19
20 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
21 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
22
23 static FLOAT Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
24 OBJREC Lamb = {
25 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
26 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
27 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
28
29 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
30
31 static int raymove(), checkhit();
32 static void checkset();
33
34 #ifndef MAXLOOP
35 #define MAXLOOP 0 /* modifier loop detection */
36 #endif
37
38 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
39
40
41 int
42 rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */
43 register RAY *r, *ro;
44 int rt;
45 double rw;
46 {
47 double re;
48
49 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
50 r->rlvl = 0;
51 r->rweight = rw;
52 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
53 r->rsrc = -1;
54 r->clipset = NULL;
55 r->revf = raytrace;
56 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
57 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
58 r->gecc = seccg;
59 r->slights = NULL;
60 } else { /* spawned ray */
61 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
62 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
63 r->rlvl++;
64 r->rsrc = -1;
65 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
66 r->rmax = 0.0;
67 } else {
68 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
69 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
70 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
71 }
72 r->revf = ro->revf;
73 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
74 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
75 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
76 r->slights = ro->slights;
77 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
78 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
79 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
80 /* estimate absorption */
81 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
82 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
83 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
84 if (re > 0.)
85 r->rweight *= exp(-re*ro->rot);
86 }
87 rayclear(r);
88 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
89 }
90
91
92 void
93 rayclear(r) /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
94 register RAY *r;
95 {
96 r->rno = raynum++;
97 r->newcset = r->clipset;
98 r->hitf = rayhit;
99 r->robj = OVOID;
100 r->ro = NULL;
101 r->rox = NULL;
102 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
103 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
104 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
105 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
106 }
107
108
109 void
110 raytrace(r) /* trace a ray and compute its value */
111 RAY *r;
112 {
113 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
114 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
115 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
116 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
117 r->rot = FHUGE;
118 } else if (sourcehit(r))
119 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
120
121 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
122
123 if (trace != NULL)
124 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
125 }
126
127
128 void
129 raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */
130 register RAY *r;
131 {
132 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
133 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
134 raytrans(r);
135 }
136
137
138 void
139 raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */
140 register RAY *r;
141 {
142 RAY tr;
143
144 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
145 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
146 rayvalue(&tr);
147 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
148 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
149 }
150 }
151
152
153 int
154 rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */
155 register RAY *r;
156 int mod;
157 {
158 int gotmat;
159 register OBJREC *m;
160 #if MAXLOOP
161 static int depth = 0;
162 /* check for infinite loop */
163 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
164 objerror(r->ro, USER, "possible modifier loop");
165 #endif
166 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
167 for (gotmat = 0; !gotmat && mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
168 m = objptr(mod);
169 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
170 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
171 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
172 error(USER, errmsg);
173 }
174 ******/
175 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
176 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS))) {
177 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
178 #if MAXLOOP
179 depth--;
180 #endif
181 raytrans(r);
182 return(1);
183 }
184 if (!islight(m->otype))
185 m = &Lamb;
186 }
187 /* materials call raytexture */
188 gotmat = (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
189 }
190 #if MAXLOOP
191 depth--;
192 #endif
193 return(gotmat);
194 }
195
196
197 void
198 rayparticipate(r) /* compute ray medium participation */
199 register RAY *r;
200 {
201 COLOR ce, ca;
202 double re, ge, be;
203
204 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
205 return; /* no medium */
206 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
207 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
208 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
209 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
210 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
211 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
212 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
213 }
214 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
215 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
216 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
217 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
218 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
219 return; /* no scattering */
220 setcolor(ca,
221 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
222 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
223 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
224 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
225 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
226 }
227
228
229 raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */
230 RAY *r;
231 int mod;
232 {
233 register OBJREC *m;
234 #if MAXLOOP
235 static int depth = 0;
236 /* check for infinite loop */
237 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
238 objerror(r->ro, USER, "modifier loop");
239 #endif
240 /* execute textures and patterns */
241 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
242 m = objptr(mod);
243 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
244 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
245 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
246 error(USER, errmsg);
247 }
248 ******/
249 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
250 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
251 m->oname);
252 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
253 }
254 }
255 #if MAXLOOP
256 depth--; /* end here */
257 #endif
258 }
259
260
261 int
262 raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */
263 register RAY *r;
264 OBJECT fore, back;
265 double coef;
266 {
267 RAY fr, br;
268 int foremat, backmat;
269 register int i;
270 /* bound coefficient */
271 if (coef > 1.0)
272 coef = 1.0;
273 else if (coef < 0.0)
274 coef = 0.0;
275 /* compute foreground and background */
276 foremat = backmat = 0;
277 /* foreground */
278 copystruct(&fr, r);
279 if (coef > FTINY)
280 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
281 /* background */
282 copystruct(&br, r);
283 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
284 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
285 /* check for transparency */
286 if (backmat ^ foremat)
287 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
288 raytrans(&fr);
289 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
290 raytrans(&br);
291 /* mix perturbations */
292 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
293 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
294 /* mix pattern colors */
295 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
296 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
297 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
298 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
299 /* return value tells if material */
300 if (!foremat & !backmat)
301 return(0);
302 /* mix returned ray values */
303 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
304 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
305 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
306 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
307 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
308 return(1);
309 }
310
311
312 double
313 raydist(r, flags) /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
314 register RAY *r;
315 register int flags;
316 {
317 double sum = 0.0;
318
319 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
320 sum += r->rot;
321 r = r->parent;
322 }
323 return(sum);
324 }
325
326
327 double
328 raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
329 FVECT norm;
330 register RAY *r;
331 {
332 double newdot;
333 register int i;
334
335 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
336 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
337 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
338 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
339 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
340 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
341 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
342 */
343
344 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
345 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
346
347 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
348 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
349 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
350 return(r->rod);
351 }
352 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
353 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
354 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
355 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
356 newdot = -newdot;
357 }
358 return(newdot);
359 }
360
361
362 void
363 newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
364 RAY *r;
365 {
366 static struct xfn {
367 struct xfn *next;
368 FULLXF xf;
369 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
370 register struct xfn *xp;
371 register RAY *rp;
372
373 /*
374 * Search for transform in circular list that
375 * has no associated ray in the tree.
376 */
377 xp = xflast;
378 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
379 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
380 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
381 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
382 xp = (struct xfn *)malloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
383 if (xp == NULL)
384 error(SYSTEM,
385 "out of memory in newrayxf");
386 /* insert in list */
387 xp->next = xflast->next;
388 xflast->next = xp;
389 break; /* we're done */
390 }
391 rp = r; /* start check over */
392 }
393 /* got it */
394 r->rox = &xp->xf;
395 xflast = xp;
396 }
397
398
399 void
400 flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */
401 register RAY *r;
402 {
403 r->rod = -r->rod;
404 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
405 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
406 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
407 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
408 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
409 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
410 }
411
412
413 void
414 rayhit(oset, r) /* standard ray hit test */
415 OBJECT *oset;
416 RAY *r;
417 {
418 OBJREC *o;
419 int i;
420
421 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
422 o = objptr(oset[i]);
423 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
424 r->robj = oset[i];
425 }
426 }
427
428
429 int
430 localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */
431 register RAY *r;
432 register CUBE *scene;
433 {
434 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
435 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
436 int sflags; /* sign flags */
437 double t, dt;
438 register int i;
439
440 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
441 sflags = 0;
442 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
443 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
444 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
445 sflags |= 1 << i;
446 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
447 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
448 }
449 if (sflags == 0)
450 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
451 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
452 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
453 r->ro = &Aftplane;
454 r->rot = r->rmax;
455 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
456 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
457 }
458 /* find global cube entrance point */
459 t = 0.0;
460 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
461 /* find distance to entry */
462 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
463 /* plane in our direction */
464 if (sflags & 1<<i)
465 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
466 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
467 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
468 else
469 continue;
470 /* distance to the plane */
471 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
472 if (dt > t)
473 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
474 }
475 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
476 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
477 return(0);
478 /* advance position */
479 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
480 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
481
482 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
483 return(0);
484 }
485 cxset[0] = 0;
486 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
487 return(r->ro != NULL & r->ro != &Aftplane);
488 }
489
490
491 static int
492 raymove(pos, cxs, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */
493 FVECT pos; /* current position, modified herein */
494 OBJECT *cxs; /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
495 int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */
496 register RAY *r;
497 register CUBE *cu;
498 {
499 int ax;
500 double dt, t;
501
502 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
503 CUBE cukid;
504 register int br, sgn;
505
506 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
507 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
508 br = 0;
509 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
510 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
511 br |= 1;
512 }
513 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
514 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
515 br |= 2;
516 }
517 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
518 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
519 br |= 4;
520 }
521 for ( ; ; ) {
522 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
523 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
524 return(RAYHIT);
525 sgn = 1 << ax;
526 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
527 if (sgn & br)
528 return(ax); /* overflow */
529 else {
530 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
531 br |= sgn;
532 }
533 else
534 if (sgn & br) {
535 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
536 br &= ~sgn;
537 } else
538 return(ax); /* underflow */
539 }
540 /*NOTREACHED*/
541 }
542 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
543 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
544 return(RAYHIT);
545 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
546 return(RAYHIT);
547 /* advance to next cube */
548 if (dirf&0x11) {
549 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
550 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
551 ax = 0;
552 } else
553 t = FHUGE;
554 if (dirf&0x22) {
555 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
556 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
557 if (dt < t) {
558 t = dt;
559 ax = 1;
560 }
561 }
562 if (dirf&0x44) {
563 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
564 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
565 if (dt < t) {
566 t = dt;
567 ax = 2;
568 }
569 }
570 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
571 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
572 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
573 return(ax);
574 }
575
576
577 static int
578 checkhit(r, cu, cxs) /* check for hit in full cube */
579 register RAY *r;
580 CUBE *cu;
581 OBJECT *cxs;
582 {
583 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
584
585 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
586 checkset(oset, cxs); /* avoid double-checking */
587
588 (*r->hitf)(oset, r); /* test for hit in set */
589
590 if (r->robj == OVOID)
591 return(0); /* no scores yet */
592
593 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
594 }
595
596
597 static void
598 checkset(os, cs) /* modify checked set and set to check */
599 register OBJECT *os; /* os' = os - cs */
600 register OBJECT *cs; /* cs' = cs + os */
601 {
602 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
603 register int i, j;
604 int k;
605 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
606 cset[0] = 0;
607 k = 0;
608 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
609 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
610 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
611 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
612 os[++k] = os[i];
613 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
614 }
615 }
616 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
617 return; /* special case */
618 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
619 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
620 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
621 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
622 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
623 os = cset;
624 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
625 *cs++ = *os++;
626 }