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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.34
Committed: Sat Feb 22 02:07:29 2003 UTC (21 years, 2 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.33: +76 -24 lines
Log Message:
Changes and check-in for 3.5 release
Includes new source files and modifications not recorded for many years
See ray/doc/notes/ReleaseNotes for notes between 3.1 and 3.5 release

File Contents

# Content
1 #ifndef lint
2 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id$";
3 #endif
4 /*
5 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
6 *
7 * External symbols declared in ray.h
8 */
9
10 /* ====================================================================
11 * The Radiance Software License, Version 1.0
12 *
13 * Copyright (c) 1990 - 2002 The Regents of the University of California,
14 * through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All rights reserved.
15 *
16 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
17 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
18 * are met:
19 *
20 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22 *
23 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
24 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
25 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
26 * distribution.
27 *
28 * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
29 * if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
30 * "This product includes Radiance software
31 * (http://radsite.lbl.gov/)
32 * developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
33 * (http://www.lbl.gov/)."
34 * Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
35 * if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
36 *
37 * 4. The names "Radiance," "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"
38 * and "The Regents of the University of California" must
39 * not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
40 * software without prior written permission. For written
41 * permission, please contact [email protected].
42 *
43 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Radiance",
44 * nor may "Radiance" appear in their name, without prior written
45 * permission of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
46 *
47 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
48 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
49 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
50 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory OR
51 * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
52 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
53 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
54 * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
55 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
56 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
57 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
58 * SUCH DAMAGE.
59 * ====================================================================
60 *
61 * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
62 * individuals on behalf of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. For more
63 * information on Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, please see
64 * <http://www.lbl.gov/>.
65 */
66
67 #include "ray.h"
68
69 #include "otypes.h"
70
71 #include "otspecial.h"
72
73 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
74
75 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
76 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
77
78 static FLOAT Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
79 OBJREC Lamb = {
80 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
81 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
82 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
83
84 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
85
86 static int raymove(), checkhit();
87 static void checkset();
88
89 #ifndef MAXLOOP
90 #define MAXLOOP 0 /* modifier loop detection */
91 #endif
92
93 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
94
95
96 int
97 rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */
98 register RAY *r, *ro;
99 int rt;
100 double rw;
101 {
102 double re;
103
104 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
105 r->rlvl = 0;
106 r->rweight = rw;
107 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
108 r->rsrc = -1;
109 r->clipset = NULL;
110 r->revf = raytrace;
111 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
112 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
113 r->gecc = seccg;
114 r->slights = NULL;
115 } else { /* spawned ray */
116 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
117 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
118 r->rlvl++;
119 r->rsrc = -1;
120 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
121 r->rmax = 0.0;
122 } else {
123 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
124 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
125 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
126 }
127 r->revf = ro->revf;
128 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
129 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
130 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
131 r->slights = ro->slights;
132 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
133 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
134 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
135 /* estimate absorption */
136 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
137 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
138 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
139 if (re > 0.)
140 r->rweight *= exp(-re*ro->rot);
141 }
142 rayclear(r);
143 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
144 }
145
146
147 void
148 rayclear(r) /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
149 register RAY *r;
150 {
151 r->rno = raynum++;
152 r->newcset = r->clipset;
153 r->robj = OVOID;
154 r->ro = NULL;
155 r->rox = NULL;
156 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
157 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
158 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
159 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
160 }
161
162
163 void
164 raytrace(r) /* trace a ray and compute its value */
165 RAY *r;
166 {
167 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
168 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
169 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
170 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
171 r->rot = FHUGE;
172 } else if (sourcehit(r))
173 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
174
175 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
176
177 if (trace != NULL)
178 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
179 }
180
181
182 void
183 raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */
184 register RAY *r;
185 {
186 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
187 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
188 raytrans(r);
189 }
190
191
192 void
193 raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */
194 register RAY *r;
195 {
196 RAY tr;
197
198 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
199 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
200 rayvalue(&tr);
201 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
202 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
203 }
204 }
205
206
207 int
208 rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */
209 register RAY *r;
210 int mod;
211 {
212 int gotmat;
213 register OBJREC *m;
214 #if MAXLOOP
215 static int depth = 0;
216 /* check for infinite loop */
217 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
218 objerror(r->ro, USER, "possible modifier loop");
219 #endif
220 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
221 for (gotmat = 0; !gotmat && mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
222 m = objptr(mod);
223 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
224 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
225 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
226 error(USER, errmsg);
227 }
228 ******/
229 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
230 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS))) {
231 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
232 #if MAXLOOP
233 depth--;
234 #endif
235 raytrans(r);
236 return(1);
237 }
238 if (!islight(m->otype))
239 m = &Lamb;
240 }
241 /* materials call raytexture */
242 gotmat = (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
243 }
244 #if MAXLOOP
245 depth--;
246 #endif
247 return(gotmat);
248 }
249
250
251 void
252 rayparticipate(r) /* compute ray medium participation */
253 register RAY *r;
254 {
255 COLOR ce, ca;
256 double re, ge, be;
257
258 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
259 return; /* no medium */
260 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
261 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
262 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
263 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
264 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
265 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
266 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
267 }
268 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
269 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
270 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
271 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
272 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
273 return; /* no scattering */
274 setcolor(ca,
275 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
276 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
277 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
278 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
279 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
280 }
281
282
283 raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */
284 RAY *r;
285 int mod;
286 {
287 register OBJREC *m;
288 #if MAXLOOP
289 static int depth = 0;
290 /* check for infinite loop */
291 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
292 objerror(r->ro, USER, "modifier loop");
293 #endif
294 /* execute textures and patterns */
295 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
296 m = objptr(mod);
297 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
298 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
299 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
300 error(USER, errmsg);
301 }
302 ******/
303 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
304 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
305 m->oname);
306 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
307 }
308 }
309 #if MAXLOOP
310 depth--; /* end here */
311 #endif
312 }
313
314
315 int
316 raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */
317 register RAY *r;
318 OBJECT fore, back;
319 double coef;
320 {
321 RAY fr, br;
322 int foremat, backmat;
323 register int i;
324 /* bound coefficient */
325 if (coef > 1.0)
326 coef = 1.0;
327 else if (coef < 0.0)
328 coef = 0.0;
329 /* compute foreground and background */
330 foremat = backmat = 0;
331 /* foreground */
332 copystruct(&fr, r);
333 if (coef > FTINY)
334 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
335 /* background */
336 copystruct(&br, r);
337 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
338 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
339 /* check for transparency */
340 if (backmat ^ foremat)
341 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
342 raytrans(&fr);
343 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
344 raytrans(&br);
345 /* mix perturbations */
346 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
347 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
348 /* mix pattern colors */
349 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
350 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
351 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
352 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
353 /* return value tells if material */
354 if (!foremat & !backmat)
355 return(0);
356 /* mix returned ray values */
357 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
358 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
359 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
360 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
361 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
362 return(1);
363 }
364
365
366 double
367 raydist(r, flags) /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
368 register RAY *r;
369 register int flags;
370 {
371 double sum = 0.0;
372
373 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
374 sum += r->rot;
375 r = r->parent;
376 }
377 return(sum);
378 }
379
380
381 double
382 raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
383 FVECT norm;
384 register RAY *r;
385 {
386 double newdot;
387 register int i;
388
389 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
390 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
391 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
392 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
393 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
394 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
395 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
396 */
397
398 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
399 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
400
401 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
402 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
403 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
404 return(r->rod);
405 }
406 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
407 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
408 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
409 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
410 newdot = -newdot;
411 }
412 return(newdot);
413 }
414
415
416 void
417 newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
418 RAY *r;
419 {
420 static struct xfn {
421 struct xfn *next;
422 FULLXF xf;
423 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
424 register struct xfn *xp;
425 register RAY *rp;
426
427 /*
428 * Search for transform in circular list that
429 * has no associated ray in the tree.
430 */
431 xp = xflast;
432 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
433 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
434 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
435 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
436 xp = (struct xfn *)malloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
437 if (xp == NULL)
438 error(SYSTEM,
439 "out of memory in newrayxf");
440 /* insert in list */
441 xp->next = xflast->next;
442 xflast->next = xp;
443 break; /* we're done */
444 }
445 rp = r; /* start check over */
446 }
447 /* got it */
448 r->rox = &xp->xf;
449 xflast = xp;
450 }
451
452
453 void
454 flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */
455 register RAY *r;
456 {
457 r->rod = -r->rod;
458 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
459 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
460 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
461 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
462 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
463 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
464 }
465
466
467 int
468 localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */
469 register RAY *r;
470 register CUBE *scene;
471 {
472 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
473 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
474 int sflags; /* sign flags */
475 double t, dt;
476 register int i;
477
478 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
479 sflags = 0;
480 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
481 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
482 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
483 sflags |= 1 << i;
484 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
485 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
486 }
487 if (sflags == 0)
488 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
489 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
490 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
491 r->ro = &Aftplane;
492 r->rot = r->rmax;
493 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
494 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
495 }
496 /* find global cube entrance point */
497 t = 0.0;
498 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
499 /* find distance to entry */
500 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
501 /* plane in our direction */
502 if (sflags & 1<<i)
503 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
504 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
505 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
506 else
507 continue;
508 /* distance to the plane */
509 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
510 if (dt > t)
511 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
512 }
513 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
514 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
515 return(0);
516 /* advance position */
517 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
518 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
519
520 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
521 return(0);
522 }
523 cxset[0] = 0;
524 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
525 return(r->ro != NULL & r->ro != &Aftplane);
526 }
527
528
529 static int
530 raymove(pos, cxs, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */
531 FVECT pos; /* current position, modified herein */
532 OBJECT *cxs; /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
533 int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */
534 register RAY *r;
535 register CUBE *cu;
536 {
537 int ax;
538 double dt, t;
539
540 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
541 CUBE cukid;
542 register int br, sgn;
543
544 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
545 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
546 br = 0;
547 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
548 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
549 br |= 1;
550 }
551 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
552 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
553 br |= 2;
554 }
555 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
556 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
557 br |= 4;
558 }
559 for ( ; ; ) {
560 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
561 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
562 return(RAYHIT);
563 sgn = 1 << ax;
564 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
565 if (sgn & br)
566 return(ax); /* overflow */
567 else {
568 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
569 br |= sgn;
570 }
571 else
572 if (sgn & br) {
573 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
574 br &= ~sgn;
575 } else
576 return(ax); /* underflow */
577 }
578 /*NOTREACHED*/
579 }
580 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
581 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
582 return(RAYHIT);
583 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
584 return(RAYHIT);
585 /* advance to next cube */
586 if (dirf&0x11) {
587 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
588 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
589 ax = 0;
590 } else
591 t = FHUGE;
592 if (dirf&0x22) {
593 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
594 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
595 if (dt < t) {
596 t = dt;
597 ax = 1;
598 }
599 }
600 if (dirf&0x44) {
601 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
602 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
603 if (dt < t) {
604 t = dt;
605 ax = 2;
606 }
607 }
608 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
609 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
610 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
611 return(ax);
612 }
613
614
615 static int
616 checkhit(r, cu, cxs) /* check for hit in full cube */
617 register RAY *r;
618 CUBE *cu;
619 OBJECT *cxs;
620 {
621 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
622 register OBJREC *o;
623 register int i;
624
625 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
626 checkset(oset, cxs); /* eliminate double-checking */
627 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
628 o = objptr(oset[i]);
629 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
630 r->robj = oset[i];
631 }
632 if (r->ro == NULL)
633 return(0); /* no scores yet */
634
635 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
636 }
637
638
639 static void
640 checkset(os, cs) /* modify checked set and set to check */
641 register OBJECT *os; /* os' = os - cs */
642 register OBJECT *cs; /* cs' = cs + os */
643 {
644 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
645 register int i, j;
646 int k;
647 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
648 cset[0] = 0;
649 k = 0;
650 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
651 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
652 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
653 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
654 os[++k] = os[i];
655 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
656 }
657 }
658 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
659 return; /* special case */
660 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
661 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
662 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
663 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
664 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
665 os = cset;
666 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
667 *cs++ = *os++;
668 }