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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.33
Committed: Tue Sep 15 09:52:39 1998 UTC (25 years, 7 months ago) by gwlarson
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.32: +17 -5 lines
Log Message:
eliminated unecessary modifier loop checking (I hope!)

File Contents

# Content
1 /* Copyright (c) 1998 Silicon Graphics, Inc. */
2
3 #ifndef lint
4 static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ SGI";
5 #endif
6
7 /*
8 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
9 *
10 * 8/7/85
11 */
12
13 #include "ray.h"
14
15 #include "octree.h"
16
17 #include "otypes.h"
18
19 #include "otspecial.h"
20
21 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
22
23 extern CUBE thescene; /* our scene */
24 extern int maxdepth; /* maximum recursion depth */
25 extern double minweight; /* minimum ray weight */
26 extern int do_irrad; /* compute irradiance? */
27 extern COLOR ambval; /* ambient value */
28
29 extern COLOR cextinction; /* global extinction coefficient */
30 extern COLOR salbedo; /* global scattering albedo */
31 extern double seccg; /* global scattering eccentricity */
32 extern double ssampdist; /* scatter sampling distance */
33
34 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
35 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
36
37 static FLOAT Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
38 OBJREC Lamb = {
39 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
40 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
41 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
42
43 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
44
45 static int raymove(), checkset(), checkhit();
46
47 #ifndef MAXLOOP
48 #define MAXLOOP 0 /* modifier loop detection */
49 #endif
50
51 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
52
53
54 rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */
55 register RAY *r, *ro;
56 int rt;
57 double rw;
58 {
59 double re;
60
61 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
62 r->rlvl = 0;
63 r->rweight = rw;
64 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
65 r->rsrc = -1;
66 r->clipset = NULL;
67 r->revf = raytrace;
68 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
69 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
70 r->gecc = seccg;
71 r->slights = NULL;
72 } else { /* spawned ray */
73 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
74 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
75 r->rlvl++;
76 r->rsrc = -1;
77 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
78 r->rmax = 0.0;
79 } else {
80 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
81 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
82 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
83 }
84 r->revf = ro->revf;
85 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
86 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
87 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
88 r->slights = ro->slights;
89 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
90 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
91 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
92 /* estimate absorption */
93 re = colval(ro->cext,RED) < colval(ro->cext,GRN) ?
94 colval(ro->cext,RED) : colval(ro->cext,GRN);
95 if (colval(ro->cext,BLU) < re) re = colval(ro->cext,BLU);
96 if (re > 0.)
97 r->rweight *= exp(-re*ro->rot);
98 }
99 rayclear(r);
100 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
101 }
102
103
104 rayclear(r) /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
105 register RAY *r;
106 {
107 r->rno = raynum++;
108 r->newcset = r->clipset;
109 r->robj = OVOID;
110 r->ro = NULL;
111 r->rt = r->rot = FHUGE;
112 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
113 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
114 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
115 }
116
117
118 raytrace(r) /* trace a ray and compute its value */
119 RAY *r;
120 {
121 extern int (*trace)();
122
123 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
124 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
125 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
126 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
127 r->rot = FHUGE;
128 } else if (sourcehit(r))
129 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
130
131 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
132
133 if (trace != NULL)
134 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
135 }
136
137
138 raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */
139 register RAY *r;
140 {
141 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
142 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
143 raytrans(r);
144 }
145
146
147 raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */
148 register RAY *r;
149 {
150 RAY tr;
151
152 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
153 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
154 rayvalue(&tr);
155 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
156 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
157 }
158 }
159
160
161 rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */
162 register RAY *r;
163 int mod;
164 {
165 int gotmat;
166 register OBJREC *m;
167 #if MAXLOOP
168 static int depth = 0;
169 /* check for infinite loop */
170 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
171 objerror(r->ro, USER, "possible modifier loop");
172 #endif
173 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
174 for (gotmat = 0; !gotmat && mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
175 m = objptr(mod);
176 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
177 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
178 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
179 error(USER, errmsg);
180 }
181 ******/
182 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
183 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS))) {
184 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
185 #if MAXLOOP
186 depth--;
187 #endif
188 raytrans(r);
189 return(1);
190 }
191 if (!islight(m->otype))
192 m = &Lamb;
193 }
194 /* materials call raytexture */
195 gotmat = (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
196 }
197 #if MAXLOOP
198 depth--;
199 #endif
200 return(gotmat);
201 }
202
203
204 rayparticipate(r) /* compute ray medium participation */
205 register RAY *r;
206 {
207 COLOR ce, ca;
208 double re, ge, be;
209
210 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
211 return; /* no medium */
212 re = r->rot*colval(r->cext,RED);
213 ge = r->rot*colval(r->cext,GRN);
214 be = r->rot*colval(r->cext,BLU);
215 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
216 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
217 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
218 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
219 }
220 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
221 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
222 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
223 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
224 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
225 return; /* no scattering */
226 setcolor(ca,
227 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
228 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
229 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
230 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
231 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
232 }
233
234
235 raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */
236 RAY *r;
237 int mod;
238 {
239 register OBJREC *m;
240 #if MAXLOOP
241 static int depth = 0;
242 /* check for infinite loop */
243 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
244 objerror(r->ro, USER, "modifier loop");
245 #endif
246 /* execute textures and patterns */
247 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
248 m = objptr(mod);
249 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
250 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
251 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
252 error(USER, errmsg);
253 }
254 ******/
255 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
256 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
257 m->oname);
258 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
259 }
260 }
261 #if MAXLOOP
262 depth--; /* end here */
263 #endif
264 }
265
266
267 raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */
268 register RAY *r;
269 OBJECT fore, back;
270 double coef;
271 {
272 RAY fr, br;
273 int foremat, backmat;
274 register int i;
275 /* bound coefficient */
276 if (coef > 1.0)
277 coef = 1.0;
278 else if (coef < 0.0)
279 coef = 0.0;
280 /* compute foreground and background */
281 foremat = backmat = 0;
282 /* foreground */
283 copystruct(&fr, r);
284 if (coef > FTINY)
285 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
286 /* background */
287 copystruct(&br, r);
288 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
289 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
290 /* check for transparency */
291 if (backmat ^ foremat)
292 if (backmat && coef > FTINY)
293 raytrans(&fr);
294 else if (foremat && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
295 raytrans(&br);
296 /* mix perturbations */
297 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
298 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
299 /* mix pattern colors */
300 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
301 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
302 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
303 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
304 /* return value tells if material */
305 if (!foremat & !backmat)
306 return(0);
307 /* mix returned ray values */
308 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
309 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
310 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
311 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
312 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
313 return(1);
314 }
315
316
317 double
318 raydist(r, flags) /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
319 register RAY *r;
320 register int flags;
321 {
322 double sum = 0.0;
323
324 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
325 sum += r->rot;
326 r = r->parent;
327 }
328 return(sum);
329 }
330
331
332 double
333 raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
334 FVECT norm;
335 register RAY *r;
336 {
337 double newdot;
338 register int i;
339
340 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
341 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
342 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
343 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
344 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
345 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
346 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
347 */
348
349 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
350 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
351
352 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
353 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
354 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
355 return(r->rod);
356 }
357 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
358 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
359 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
360 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
361 newdot = -newdot;
362 }
363 return(newdot);
364 }
365
366
367 newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
368 RAY *r;
369 {
370 static struct xfn {
371 struct xfn *next;
372 FULLXF xf;
373 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
374 register struct xfn *xp;
375 register RAY *rp;
376
377 /*
378 * Search for transform in circular list that
379 * has no associated ray in the tree.
380 */
381 xp = xflast;
382 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
383 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
384 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
385 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
386 xp = (struct xfn *)bmalloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
387 if (xp == NULL)
388 error(SYSTEM,
389 "out of memory in newrayxf");
390 /* insert in list */
391 xp->next = xflast->next;
392 xflast->next = xp;
393 break; /* we're done */
394 }
395 rp = r; /* start check over */
396 }
397 /* got it */
398 r->rox = &xp->xf;
399 xflast = xp;
400 }
401
402
403 flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */
404 register RAY *r;
405 {
406 r->rod = -r->rod;
407 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
408 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
409 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
410 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
411 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
412 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
413 }
414
415
416 localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */
417 register RAY *r;
418 register CUBE *scene;
419 {
420 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
421 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
422 int sflags; /* sign flags */
423 double t, dt;
424 register int i;
425
426 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
427 sflags = 0;
428 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
429 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
430 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
431 sflags |= 1 << i;
432 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
433 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
434 }
435 if (sflags == 0)
436 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
437 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
438 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
439 r->ro = &Aftplane;
440 r->rot = r->rmax;
441 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
442 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
443 }
444 /* find global cube entrance point */
445 t = 0.0;
446 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
447 /* find distance to entry */
448 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
449 /* plane in our direction */
450 if (sflags & 1<<i)
451 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
452 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
453 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
454 else
455 continue;
456 /* distance to the plane */
457 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
458 if (dt > t)
459 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
460 }
461 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
462 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
463 return(0);
464 /* advance position */
465 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
466 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
467
468 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
469 return(0);
470 }
471 cxset[0] = 0;
472 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
473 return(r->ro != NULL & r->ro != &Aftplane);
474 }
475
476
477 static int
478 raymove(pos, cxs, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */
479 FVECT pos; /* current position, modified herein */
480 OBJECT *cxs; /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
481 int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */
482 register RAY *r;
483 register CUBE *cu;
484 {
485 int ax;
486 double dt, t;
487
488 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
489 CUBE cukid;
490 register int br, sgn;
491
492 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
493 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
494 br = 0;
495 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
496 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
497 br |= 1;
498 }
499 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
500 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
501 br |= 2;
502 }
503 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
504 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
505 br |= 4;
506 }
507 for ( ; ; ) {
508 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
509 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
510 return(RAYHIT);
511 sgn = 1 << ax;
512 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
513 if (sgn & br)
514 return(ax); /* overflow */
515 else {
516 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
517 br |= sgn;
518 }
519 else
520 if (sgn & br) {
521 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
522 br &= ~sgn;
523 } else
524 return(ax); /* underflow */
525 }
526 /*NOTREACHED*/
527 }
528 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
529 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
530 return(RAYHIT);
531 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
532 return(RAYHIT);
533 /* advance to next cube */
534 if (dirf&0x11) {
535 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
536 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
537 ax = 0;
538 } else
539 t = FHUGE;
540 if (dirf&0x22) {
541 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
542 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
543 if (dt < t) {
544 t = dt;
545 ax = 1;
546 }
547 }
548 if (dirf&0x44) {
549 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
550 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
551 if (dt < t) {
552 t = dt;
553 ax = 2;
554 }
555 }
556 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
557 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
558 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
559 return(ax);
560 }
561
562
563 static
564 checkhit(r, cu, cxs) /* check for hit in full cube */
565 register RAY *r;
566 CUBE *cu;
567 OBJECT *cxs;
568 {
569 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
570 register OBJREC *o;
571 register int i;
572
573 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
574 checkset(oset, cxs); /* eliminate double-checking */
575 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
576 o = objptr(oset[i]);
577 if ((*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r))
578 r->robj = oset[i];
579 }
580 if (r->ro == NULL)
581 return(0); /* no scores yet */
582
583 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
584 }
585
586
587 static
588 checkset(os, cs) /* modify checked set and set to check */
589 register OBJECT *os; /* os' = os - cs */
590 register OBJECT *cs; /* cs' = cs + os */
591 {
592 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
593 register int i, j;
594 int k;
595 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
596 cset[0] = 0;
597 k = 0;
598 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
599 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
600 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
601 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
602 os[++k] = os[i];
603 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
604 }
605 }
606 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
607 return; /* special case */
608 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
609 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
610 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
611 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
612 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
613 os = cset;
614 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
615 *cs++ = *os++;
616 }