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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/raytrace.c
Revision: 2.26
Committed: Wed Apr 17 14:06:35 1996 UTC (28 years ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.25: +16 -14 lines
Log Message:
changed albedo to 3-color parameter

File Contents

# Content
1 /* Copyright (c) 1996 Regents of the University of California */
2
3 #ifndef lint
4 static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL";
5 #endif
6
7 /*
8 * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
9 *
10 * 8/7/85
11 */
12
13 #include "ray.h"
14
15 #include "octree.h"
16
17 #include "otypes.h"
18
19 #include "otspecial.h"
20
21 #define MAXCSET ((MAXSET+1)*2-1) /* maximum check set size */
22
23 extern CUBE thescene; /* our scene */
24 extern int maxdepth; /* maximum recursion depth */
25 extern double minweight; /* minimum ray weight */
26 extern int do_irrad; /* compute irradiance? */
27 extern COLOR ambval; /* ambient value */
28
29 extern COLOR cextinction; /* global extinction coefficient */
30 extern COLOR salbedo; /* global scattering albedo */
31 extern double seccg; /* global scattering eccentricity */
32 extern double ssampdist; /* scatter sampling distance */
33
34 unsigned long raynum = 0; /* next unique ray number */
35 unsigned long nrays = 0; /* number of calls to localhit */
36
37 static FLOAT Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
38 OBJREC Lamb = {
39 OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
40 {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL,
41 }; /* a Lambertian surface */
42
43 OBJREC Aftplane; /* aft clipping plane object */
44
45 static int raymove(), checkset(), checkhit();
46
47 #define MAXLOOP 128 /* modifier loop detection */
48
49 #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
50
51
52 rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */
53 register RAY *r, *ro;
54 int rt;
55 double rw;
56 {
57 if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
58 r->rlvl = 0;
59 r->rweight = rw;
60 r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
61 r->rsrc = -1;
62 r->clipset = NULL;
63 r->revf = raytrace;
64 copycolor(r->cext, cextinction);
65 copycolor(r->albedo, salbedo);
66 r->gecc = seccg;
67 r->slights = NULL;
68 } else { /* spawned ray */
69 r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
70 if (rt & RAYREFL) {
71 r->rlvl++;
72 r->rsrc = -1;
73 r->clipset = ro->clipset;
74 r->rmax = 0.0;
75 } else {
76 r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
77 r->clipset = ro->newcset;
78 r->rmax = ro->rmax <= FTINY ? 0.0 : ro->rmax - ro->rot;
79 }
80 r->revf = ro->revf;
81 copycolor(r->cext, ro->cext);
82 copycolor(r->albedo, ro->albedo);
83 r->gecc = ro->gecc;
84 r->slights = ro->slights;
85 r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
86 r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
87 VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
88 }
89 rayclear(r);
90 return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
91 }
92
93
94 rayclear(r) /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
95 register RAY *r;
96 {
97 r->rno = raynum++;
98 r->newcset = r->clipset;
99 r->ro = NULL;
100 r->rot = FHUGE;
101 r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
102 setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
103 setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
104 r->rt = 0.0;
105 }
106
107
108 raytrace(r) /* trace a ray and compute its value */
109 RAY *r;
110 {
111 extern int (*trace)();
112
113 if (localhit(r, &thescene))
114 raycont(r); /* hit local surface, evaluate */
115 else if (r->ro == &Aftplane) {
116 r->ro = NULL; /* hit aft clipping plane */
117 r->rot = FHUGE;
118 } else if (sourcehit(r))
119 rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); /* distant source */
120
121 rayparticipate(r); /* for participating medium */
122
123 if (trace != NULL)
124 (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
125 }
126
127
128 raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */
129 register RAY *r;
130 {
131 if ((r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) ||
132 !rayshade(r, r->ro->omod))
133 raytrans(r);
134 }
135
136
137 raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */
138 register RAY *r;
139 {
140 RAY tr;
141
142 if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
143 VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
144 rayvalue(&tr);
145 copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
146 r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
147 }
148 }
149
150
151 rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */
152 register RAY *r;
153 int mod;
154 {
155 static int depth = 0;
156 int gotmat;
157 register OBJREC *m;
158 /* check for infinite loop */
159 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
160 objerror(r->ro, USER, "possible modifier loop");
161 r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
162 for (gotmat = 0; !gotmat && mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
163 m = objptr(mod);
164 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
165 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
166 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
167 error(USER, errmsg);
168 }
169 ******/
170 /* hack for irradiance calculation */
171 if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS))) {
172 if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
173 depth--;
174 raytrans(r);
175 return(1);
176 }
177 if (!islight(m->otype))
178 m = &Lamb;
179 }
180 /* materials call raytexture */
181 gotmat = (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
182 }
183 depth--;
184 return(gotmat);
185 }
186
187
188 rayparticipate(r) /* compute ray medium participation */
189 register RAY *r;
190 {
191 COLOR ce, ca;
192 double dist;
193 double re, ge, be;
194
195 if (intens(r->cext) <= 1./FHUGE)
196 return; /* no medium */
197 if ((dist = r->rot) >= FHUGE)
198 dist = 2.*thescene.cusize; /* what to use for infinity? */
199 re = dist*colval(r->cext,RED);
200 ge = dist*colval(r->cext,GRN);
201 be = dist*colval(r->cext,BLU);
202 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* no scattering for sources */
203 re *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,RED);
204 ge *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,GRN);
205 be *= 1. - colval(r->albedo,BLU);
206 }
207 setcolor(ce, re<=0. ? 1. : re>92. ? 0. : exp(-re),
208 ge<=0. ? 1. : ge>92. ? 0. : exp(-ge),
209 be<=0. ? 1. : be>92. ? 0. : exp(-be));
210 multcolor(r->rcol, ce); /* path absorption */
211 if (r->crtype & SHADOW || intens(r->albedo) <= FTINY)
212 return; /* no scattering */
213 setcolor(ca,
214 colval(r->albedo,RED)*colval(ambval,RED)*(1.-colval(ce,RED)),
215 colval(r->albedo,GRN)*colval(ambval,GRN)*(1.-colval(ce,GRN)),
216 colval(r->albedo,BLU)*colval(ambval,BLU)*(1.-colval(ce,BLU)));
217 addcolor(r->rcol, ca); /* ambient in scattering */
218 srcscatter(r); /* source in scattering */
219 }
220
221
222 raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */
223 RAY *r;
224 int mod;
225 {
226 static int depth = 0;
227 register OBJREC *m;
228 /* check for infinite loop */
229 if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
230 objerror(r->ro, USER, "modifier loop");
231 /* execute textures and patterns */
232 for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
233 m = objptr(mod);
234 /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
235 if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
236 sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
237 error(USER, errmsg);
238 }
239 ******/
240 if ((*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r)) {
241 sprintf(errmsg, "conflicting material \"%s\"",
242 m->oname);
243 objerror(r->ro, USER, errmsg);
244 }
245 }
246 depth--; /* end here */
247 }
248
249
250 raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */
251 register RAY *r;
252 OBJECT fore, back;
253 double coef;
254 {
255 RAY fr, br;
256 int foremat, backmat;
257 register int i;
258 /* bound coefficient */
259 if (coef > 1.0)
260 coef = 1.0;
261 else if (coef < 0.0)
262 coef = 0.0;
263 /* compute foreground and background */
264 foremat = backmat = 0;
265 /* foreground */
266 copystruct(&fr, r);
267 if (coef > FTINY)
268 foremat = rayshade(&fr, fore);
269 /* background */
270 copystruct(&br, r);
271 if (coef < 1.0-FTINY)
272 backmat = rayshade(&br, back);
273 /* check for transparency */
274 if (backmat ^ foremat)
275 if (backmat)
276 raytrans(&fr);
277 else
278 raytrans(&br);
279 /* mix perturbations */
280 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
281 r->pert[i] = coef*fr.pert[i] + (1.0-coef)*br.pert[i];
282 /* mix pattern colors */
283 scalecolor(fr.pcol, coef);
284 scalecolor(br.pcol, 1.0-coef);
285 copycolor(r->pcol, fr.pcol);
286 addcolor(r->pcol, br.pcol);
287 /* return value tells if material */
288 if (!foremat & !backmat)
289 return(0);
290 /* mix returned ray values */
291 scalecolor(fr.rcol, coef);
292 scalecolor(br.rcol, 1.0-coef);
293 copycolor(r->rcol, fr.rcol);
294 addcolor(r->rcol, br.rcol);
295 r->rt = bright(fr.rcol) > bright(br.rcol) ? fr.rt : br.rt;
296 return(1);
297 }
298
299
300 double
301 raydist(r, flags) /* compute (cumulative) ray distance */
302 register RAY *r;
303 register int flags;
304 {
305 double sum = 0.0;
306
307 while (r != NULL && r->crtype&flags) {
308 sum += r->rot;
309 r = r->parent;
310 }
311 return(sum);
312 }
313
314
315 double
316 raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
317 FVECT norm;
318 register RAY *r;
319 {
320 double newdot;
321 register int i;
322
323 /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
324 * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
325 * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
326 * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
327 * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
328 * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
329 * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
330 */
331
332 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
333 norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
334
335 if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
336 objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
337 VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
338 return(r->rod);
339 }
340 newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
341 if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
342 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
343 norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
344 newdot = -newdot;
345 }
346 return(newdot);
347 }
348
349
350 newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
351 RAY *r;
352 {
353 static struct xfn {
354 struct xfn *next;
355 FULLXF xf;
356 } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
357 register struct xfn *xp;
358 register RAY *rp;
359
360 /*
361 * Search for transform in circular list that
362 * has no associated ray in the tree.
363 */
364 xp = xflast;
365 for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
366 if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
367 xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
368 if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
369 xp = (struct xfn *)bmalloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
370 if (xp == NULL)
371 error(SYSTEM,
372 "out of memory in newrayxf");
373 /* insert in list */
374 xp->next = xflast->next;
375 xflast->next = xp;
376 break; /* we're done */
377 }
378 rp = r; /* start check over */
379 }
380 /* got it */
381 r->rox = &xp->xf;
382 xflast = xp;
383 }
384
385
386 flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */
387 register RAY *r;
388 {
389 r->rod = -r->rod;
390 r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
391 r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
392 r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
393 r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
394 r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
395 r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
396 }
397
398
399 localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */
400 register RAY *r;
401 register CUBE *scene;
402 {
403 OBJECT cxset[MAXCSET+1]; /* set of checked objects */
404 FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
405 int sflags; /* sign flags */
406 double t, dt;
407 register int i;
408
409 nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
410 sflags = 0;
411 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
412 curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
413 if (r->rdir[i] > 1e-7)
414 sflags |= 1 << i;
415 else if (r->rdir[i] < -1e-7)
416 sflags |= 0x10 << i;
417 }
418 if (sflags == 0)
419 error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
420 /* start off assuming nothing hit */
421 if (r->rmax > FTINY) { /* except aft plane if one */
422 r->ro = &Aftplane;
423 r->rot = r->rmax;
424 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
425 r->rop[i] = r->rorg[i] + r->rot*r->rdir[i];
426 }
427 /* find global cube entrance point */
428 t = 0.0;
429 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
430 /* find distance to entry */
431 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
432 /* plane in our direction */
433 if (sflags & 1<<i)
434 dt = scene->cuorg[i];
435 else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
436 dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
437 else
438 continue;
439 /* distance to the plane */
440 dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
441 if (dt > t)
442 t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
443 }
444 t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
445 if (t >= r->rot) /* clipped already */
446 return(0);
447 /* advance position */
448 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
449 curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
450
451 if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
452 return(0);
453 }
454 cxset[0] = 0;
455 raymove(curpos, cxset, sflags, r, scene);
456 return(r->ro != NULL & r->ro != &Aftplane);
457 }
458
459
460 static int
461 raymove(pos, cxs, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */
462 FVECT pos; /* current position, modified herein */
463 OBJECT *cxs; /* checked objects, modified by checkhit */
464 int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */
465 register RAY *r;
466 register CUBE *cu;
467 {
468 int ax;
469 double dt, t;
470
471 if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
472 CUBE cukid;
473 register int br, sgn;
474
475 cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
476 VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
477 br = 0;
478 if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
479 cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
480 br |= 1;
481 }
482 if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
483 cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
484 br |= 2;
485 }
486 if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
487 cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
488 br |= 4;
489 }
490 for ( ; ; ) {
491 cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
492 if ((ax = raymove(pos,cxs,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
493 return(RAYHIT);
494 sgn = 1 << ax;
495 if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
496 if (sgn & br)
497 return(ax); /* overflow */
498 else {
499 cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
500 br |= sgn;
501 }
502 else
503 if (sgn & br) {
504 cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
505 br &= ~sgn;
506 } else
507 return(ax); /* underflow */
508 }
509 /*NOTREACHED*/
510 }
511 if (isfull(cu->cutree)) {
512 if (checkhit(r, cu, cxs))
513 return(RAYHIT);
514 } else if (r->ro == &Aftplane && incube(cu, r->rop))
515 return(RAYHIT);
516 /* advance to next cube */
517 if (dirf&0x11) {
518 dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
519 t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
520 ax = 0;
521 } else
522 t = FHUGE;
523 if (dirf&0x22) {
524 dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
525 dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
526 if (dt < t) {
527 t = dt;
528 ax = 1;
529 }
530 }
531 if (dirf&0x44) {
532 dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
533 dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
534 if (dt < t) {
535 t = dt;
536 ax = 2;
537 }
538 }
539 pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
540 pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
541 pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
542 return(ax);
543 }
544
545
546 static
547 checkhit(r, cu, cxs) /* check for hit in full cube */
548 register RAY *r;
549 CUBE *cu;
550 OBJECT *cxs;
551 {
552 OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
553 register OBJREC *o;
554 register int i;
555
556 objset(oset, cu->cutree);
557 checkset(oset, cxs); /* eliminate double-checking */
558 for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
559 o = objptr(oset[i]);
560 (*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r);
561 }
562 if (r->ro == NULL)
563 return(0); /* no scores yet */
564
565 return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
566 }
567
568
569 static
570 checkset(os, cs) /* modify checked set and set to check */
571 register OBJECT *os; /* os' = os - cs */
572 register OBJECT *cs; /* cs' = cs + os */
573 {
574 OBJECT cset[MAXCSET+MAXSET+1];
575 register int i, j;
576 int k;
577 /* copy os in place, cset <- cs */
578 cset[0] = 0;
579 k = 0;
580 for (i = j = 1; i <= os[0]; i++) {
581 while (j <= cs[0] && cs[j] < os[i])
582 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
583 if (j > cs[0] || os[i] != cs[j]) { /* object to check */
584 os[++k] = os[i];
585 cset[++cset[0]] = os[i];
586 }
587 }
588 if (!(os[0] = k)) /* new "to check" set size */
589 return; /* special case */
590 while (j <= cs[0]) /* get the rest of cs */
591 cset[++cset[0]] = cs[j++];
592 if (cset[0] > MAXCSET) /* truncate "checked" set if nec. */
593 cset[0] = MAXCSET;
594 /* setcopy(cs, cset); */ /* copy cset back to cs */
595 os = cset;
596 for (i = os[0]; i-- >= 0; )
597 *cs++ = *os++;
598 }