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greg |
1.17 |
/* Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California */ |
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greg |
1.1 |
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#ifndef lint |
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static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL"; |
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#endif |
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/* |
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* raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays. |
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* |
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* 8/7/85 |
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*/ |
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#include "ray.h" |
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#include "octree.h" |
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#include "otypes.h" |
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greg |
1.15 |
#include "otspecial.h" |
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greg |
1.1 |
extern CUBE thescene; /* our scene */ |
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extern int maxdepth; /* maximum recursion depth */ |
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extern double minweight; /* minimum ray weight */ |
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greg |
1.15 |
extern int do_irrad; /* compute irradiance? */ |
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greg |
1.1 |
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long nrays = 0L; /* number of rays traced */ |
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greg |
1.15 |
static double Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0}; |
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OBJREC Lamb = { |
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OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian", |
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{0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL, -1, |
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}; /* a Lambertian surface */ |
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greg |
1.6 |
#define MAXLOOP 128 /* modifier loop detection */ |
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greg |
1.1 |
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#define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */ |
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rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */ |
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register RAY *r, *ro; |
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int rt; |
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double rw; |
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{ |
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if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */ |
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r->rlvl = 0; |
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r->rweight = rw; |
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r->crtype = r->rtype = rt; |
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r->rsrc = -1; |
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r->clipset = NULL; |
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} else { /* spawned ray */ |
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r->rlvl = ro->rlvl; |
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if (rt & RAYREFL) { |
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r->rlvl++; |
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r->rsrc = -1; |
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r->clipset = ro->clipset; |
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} else { |
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r->rsrc = ro->rsrc; |
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r->clipset = ro->newcset; |
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} |
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r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw; |
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r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt); |
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VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop); |
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} |
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r->rno = nrays; |
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r->newcset = r->clipset; |
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r->ro = NULL; |
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r->rot = FHUGE; |
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r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0; |
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setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); |
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setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); |
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greg |
1.10 |
r->rt = 0.0; |
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1.1 |
return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1); |
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} |
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rayvalue(r) /* compute a ray's value */ |
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1.8 |
RAY *r; |
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1.1 |
{ |
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extern int (*trace)(); |
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greg |
1.15 |
if (localhit(r, &thescene)) |
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greg |
1.8 |
raycont(r); |
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greg |
1.15 |
else if (sourcehit(r)) |
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rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); |
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greg |
1.1 |
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if (trace != NULL) |
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(*trace)(r); /* trace execution */ |
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} |
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1.8 |
raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */ |
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register RAY *r; |
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{ |
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if (r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod)) |
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raytrans(r); |
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else |
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rayshade(r, r->ro->omod); |
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} |
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greg |
1.1 |
raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */ |
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greg |
1.8 |
register RAY *r; |
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greg |
1.1 |
{ |
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RAY tr; |
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if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) { |
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VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir); |
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rayvalue(&tr); |
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copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol); |
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1.10 |
r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt; |
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greg |
1.1 |
} |
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} |
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rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */ |
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register RAY *r; |
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int mod; |
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{ |
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static int depth = 0; |
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register OBJREC *m; |
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/* check for infinite loop */ |
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if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP) |
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greg |
1.4 |
objerror(r->ro, USER, "possible modifier loop"); |
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greg |
1.1 |
for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) { |
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m = objptr(mod); |
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greg |
1.4 |
/****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called |
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greg |
1.1 |
if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) { |
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sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname); |
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error(USER, errmsg); |
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} |
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greg |
1.4 |
******/ |
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greg |
1.16 |
/* hack for irradiance calculation */ |
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if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS))) { |
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if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) { |
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depth--; |
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raytrans(r); |
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return; |
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} |
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greg |
1.18 |
if (!islight(m->otype)) |
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greg |
1.16 |
m = &Lamb; |
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} |
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greg |
1.1 |
(*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r); /* execute function */ |
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m->lastrno = r->rno; |
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if (ismaterial(m->otype)) { /* materials call raytexture */ |
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depth--; |
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return; /* we're done */ |
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} |
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} |
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objerror(r->ro, USER, "material not found"); |
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} |
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raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */ |
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RAY *r; |
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int mod; |
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{ |
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static int depth = 0; |
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register OBJREC *m; |
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/* check for infinite loop */ |
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if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP) |
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objerror(r->ro, USER, "modifier loop"); |
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/* execute textures and patterns */ |
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for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) { |
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m = objptr(mod); |
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if (!istexture(m->otype)) { |
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sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname); |
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error(USER, errmsg); |
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} |
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(*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r); |
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m->lastrno = r->rno; |
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} |
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depth--; /* end here */ |
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} |
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raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */ |
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register RAY *r; |
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OBJECT fore, back; |
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double coef; |
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{ |
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FVECT curpert, forepert, backpert; |
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COLOR curpcol, forepcol, backpcol; |
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register int i; |
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/* clip coefficient */ |
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if (coef > 1.0) |
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coef = 1.0; |
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else if (coef < 0.0) |
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coef = 0.0; |
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/* save current mods */ |
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VCOPY(curpert, r->pert); |
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copycolor(curpcol, r->pcol); |
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/* compute new mods */ |
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/* foreground */ |
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r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0; |
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setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); |
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if (fore != OVOID && coef > FTINY) |
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raytexture(r, fore); |
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VCOPY(forepert, r->pert); |
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copycolor(forepcol, r->pcol); |
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/* background */ |
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r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0; |
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setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); |
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if (back != OVOID && coef < 1.0-FTINY) |
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raytexture(r, back); |
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VCOPY(backpert, r->pert); |
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copycolor(backpcol, r->pcol); |
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/* sum perturbations */ |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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r->pert[i] = curpert[i] + coef*forepert[i] + |
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(1.0-coef)*backpert[i]; |
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/* multiply colors */ |
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setcolor(r->pcol, coef*colval(forepcol,RED) + |
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(1.0-coef)*colval(backpcol,RED), |
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coef*colval(forepcol,GRN) + |
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(1.0-coef)*colval(backpcol,GRN), |
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coef*colval(forepcol,BLU) + |
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(1.0-coef)*colval(backpcol,BLU)); |
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multcolor(r->pcol, curpcol); |
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} |
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double |
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raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */ |
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FVECT norm; |
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register RAY *r; |
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{ |
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double newdot; |
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register int i; |
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/* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain |
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* the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface |
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* orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is |
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* still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar |
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* directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind |
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* the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high |
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greg |
1.9 |
* incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot). |
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greg |
1.1 |
*/ |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i]; |
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if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) { |
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objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation"); |
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VCOPY(norm, r->ron); |
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return(r->rod); |
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} |
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newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir); |
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if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */ |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i]; |
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newdot = -newdot; |
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} |
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return(newdot); |
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greg |
1.12 |
} |
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newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */ |
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RAY *r; |
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{ |
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static struct xfn { |
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struct xfn *next; |
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FULLXF xf; |
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} xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed; |
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register struct xfn *xp; |
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register RAY *rp; |
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/* |
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* Search for transform in circular list that |
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* has no associated ray in the tree. |
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*/ |
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xp = xflast; |
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for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent) |
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if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */ |
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xp = xp->next; /* move to next */ |
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if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */ |
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greg |
1.14 |
xp = (struct xfn *)bmalloc(sizeof(struct xfn)); |
277 |
greg |
1.12 |
if (xp == NULL) |
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error(SYSTEM, |
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"out of memory in newrayxf"); |
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/* insert in list */ |
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xp->next = xflast->next; |
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xflast->next = xp; |
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break; /* we're done */ |
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} |
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rp = r; /* start check over */ |
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} |
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/* got it */ |
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r->rox = &xp->xf; |
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xflast = xp; |
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greg |
1.1 |
} |
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flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */ |
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register RAY *r; |
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{ |
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r->rod = -r->rod; |
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r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0]; |
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r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1]; |
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r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2]; |
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r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0]; |
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r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1]; |
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r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2]; |
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} |
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localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */ |
307 |
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register RAY *r; |
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register CUBE *scene; |
309 |
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{ |
310 |
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FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */ |
311 |
greg |
1.11 |
int sflags; /* sign flags */ |
312 |
greg |
1.1 |
double t, dt; |
313 |
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register int i; |
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315 |
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nrays++; /* increment trace counter */ |
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317 |
greg |
1.11 |
sflags = 0; |
318 |
greg |
1.1 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { |
319 |
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curpos[i] = r->rorg[i]; |
320 |
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if (r->rdir[i] > FTINY) |
321 |
greg |
1.11 |
sflags |= 1 << i; |
322 |
greg |
1.1 |
else if (r->rdir[i] < -FTINY) |
323 |
greg |
1.11 |
sflags |= 0x10 << i; |
324 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
325 |
greg |
1.17 |
if (sflags == 0) |
326 |
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error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit"); |
327 |
greg |
1.1 |
t = 0.0; |
328 |
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if (!incube(scene, curpos)) { |
329 |
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/* find distance to entry */ |
330 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { |
331 |
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/* plane in our direction */ |
332 |
greg |
1.11 |
if (sflags & 1<<i) |
333 |
greg |
1.1 |
dt = scene->cuorg[i]; |
334 |
greg |
1.11 |
else if (sflags & 0x10<<i) |
335 |
greg |
1.1 |
dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize; |
336 |
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else |
337 |
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continue; |
338 |
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/* distance to the plane */ |
339 |
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dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i]; |
340 |
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if (dt > t) |
341 |
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t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */ |
342 |
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} |
343 |
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t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */ |
344 |
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/* advance position */ |
345 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
346 |
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curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t; |
347 |
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348 |
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if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */ |
349 |
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return(0); |
350 |
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} |
351 |
greg |
1.11 |
return(raymove(curpos, sflags, r, scene) == RAYHIT); |
352 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
353 |
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354 |
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355 |
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static int |
356 |
greg |
1.11 |
raymove(pos, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */ |
357 |
greg |
1.1 |
FVECT pos; /* modified */ |
358 |
greg |
1.11 |
int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */ |
359 |
greg |
1.1 |
register RAY *r; |
360 |
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register CUBE *cu; |
361 |
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{ |
362 |
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int ax; |
363 |
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double dt, t; |
364 |
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365 |
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if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */ |
366 |
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CUBE cukid; |
367 |
greg |
1.11 |
register int br, sgn; |
368 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
369 |
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cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */ |
370 |
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VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg); |
371 |
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br = 0; |
372 |
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if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) { |
373 |
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cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize; |
374 |
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br |= 1; |
375 |
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} |
376 |
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if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) { |
377 |
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cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize; |
378 |
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br |= 2; |
379 |
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|
} |
380 |
|
|
if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) { |
381 |
|
|
cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize; |
382 |
|
|
br |= 4; |
383 |
|
|
} |
384 |
|
|
for ( ; ; ) { |
385 |
|
|
cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br); |
386 |
greg |
1.11 |
if ((ax = raymove(pos,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT) |
387 |
greg |
1.1 |
return(RAYHIT); |
388 |
|
|
sgn = 1 << ax; |
389 |
greg |
1.11 |
if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */ |
390 |
greg |
1.1 |
if (sgn & br) |
391 |
|
|
return(ax); /* overflow */ |
392 |
|
|
else { |
393 |
|
|
cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize; |
394 |
|
|
br |= sgn; |
395 |
|
|
} |
396 |
greg |
1.11 |
else |
397 |
|
|
if (sgn & br) { |
398 |
|
|
cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize; |
399 |
|
|
br &= ~sgn; |
400 |
|
|
} else |
401 |
|
|
return(ax); /* underflow */ |
402 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
403 |
|
|
/*NOTREACHED*/ |
404 |
|
|
} |
405 |
|
|
if (isfull(cu->cutree) && checkhit(r, cu)) |
406 |
|
|
return(RAYHIT); |
407 |
|
|
/* advance to next cube */ |
408 |
greg |
1.11 |
if (dirf&0x11) { |
409 |
|
|
dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0]; |
410 |
greg |
1.1 |
t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0]; |
411 |
|
|
ax = 0; |
412 |
|
|
} else |
413 |
|
|
t = FHUGE; |
414 |
greg |
1.11 |
if (dirf&0x22) { |
415 |
|
|
dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1]; |
416 |
greg |
1.1 |
dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1]; |
417 |
|
|
if (dt < t) { |
418 |
|
|
t = dt; |
419 |
|
|
ax = 1; |
420 |
|
|
} |
421 |
|
|
} |
422 |
greg |
1.11 |
if (dirf&0x44) { |
423 |
|
|
dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2]; |
424 |
greg |
1.1 |
dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2]; |
425 |
|
|
if (dt < t) { |
426 |
|
|
t = dt; |
427 |
|
|
ax = 2; |
428 |
|
|
} |
429 |
|
|
} |
430 |
|
|
pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t; |
431 |
|
|
pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t; |
432 |
|
|
pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t; |
433 |
|
|
return(ax); |
434 |
|
|
} |
435 |
|
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
static |
438 |
|
|
checkhit(r, cu) /* check for hit in full cube */ |
439 |
|
|
register RAY *r; |
440 |
|
|
CUBE *cu; |
441 |
|
|
{ |
442 |
|
|
OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1]; |
443 |
|
|
register OBJREC *o; |
444 |
|
|
register int i; |
445 |
|
|
|
446 |
|
|
objset(oset, cu->cutree); |
447 |
|
|
for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) { |
448 |
|
|
o = objptr(oset[i]); |
449 |
|
|
if (o->lastrno == r->rno) /* checked already? */ |
450 |
|
|
continue; |
451 |
|
|
(*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r); |
452 |
|
|
o->lastrno = r->rno; |
453 |
|
|
} |
454 |
|
|
if (r->ro == NULL) |
455 |
|
|
return(0); /* no scores yet */ |
456 |
|
|
|
457 |
|
|
return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */ |
458 |
|
|
} |