1 |
/* |
2 |
================================================================== |
3 |
Bias compensation for photon density estimates |
4 |
|
5 |
For background see: |
6 |
R. Schregle, "Bias Compensation for Photon Maps", |
7 |
Computer Graphics Forum, v22:n4, pp. 729-742, Dec. 2003. |
8 |
|
9 |
Roland Schregle ([email protected]) |
10 |
(c) Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems |
11 |
================================================================== |
12 |
|
13 |
$Id: pmapbias.c,v 2.1 2015/02/24 19:39:26 greg Exp $ |
14 |
*/ |
15 |
|
16 |
|
17 |
|
18 |
#include "pmapbias.h" |
19 |
#include "pmap.h" |
20 |
#include "pmaprand.h" |
21 |
|
22 |
|
23 |
|
24 |
void squeuePartition (PhotonSQNode* squeue, unsigned lo, |
25 |
unsigned mid, unsigned hi) |
26 |
/* REVERSE Partition squeue such that all photons in |
27 |
squeue-hi+1..squeue-mid are farther than the median at squeue-mid+1, |
28 |
and those in squeue-mid+2..squeue-lo+1 are closer than the median. |
29 |
This means that squeue points to the END of the queue, and the (1-based) |
30 |
indices are offsets relative to it. This convoluted scheme is adopted |
31 |
since the queue is initially a maxheap, so reverse sorting is expected |
32 |
to be faster. */ |
33 |
{ |
34 |
unsigned l, h, p; |
35 |
PhotonSQNode *lp, *hp, *pp; |
36 |
float pivot, dist; |
37 |
Photon* photon; |
38 |
|
39 |
while (hi > lo) { |
40 |
/* Grab pivot node in middle as an educated guess, since our |
41 |
queue is sorta sorted. */ |
42 |
l = lo; |
43 |
h = hi; |
44 |
p = mid; |
45 |
lp = squeue - lo + 1; |
46 |
hp = squeue - hi + 1; |
47 |
pp = squeue - p + 1; |
48 |
pivot = pp -> dist; |
49 |
|
50 |
/* l & h converge, swapping elements out of order with respect to |
51 |
pivot node. */ |
52 |
while (l < h) { |
53 |
while (lp -> dist <= pivot && l <= h && l < hi) |
54 |
++l, --lp; |
55 |
while (hp -> dist >= pivot && h >= l && h > lo) |
56 |
--h, ++hp; |
57 |
|
58 |
if (l < h) { |
59 |
/* Swap */ |
60 |
photon = lp -> photon; |
61 |
dist = lp -> dist; |
62 |
lp -> photon = hp -> photon; |
63 |
lp -> dist = hp -> dist; |
64 |
hp -> photon = photon; |
65 |
hp -> dist = dist; |
66 |
} |
67 |
} |
68 |
|
69 |
/* Swap convergence and pivot node */ |
70 |
if (p > h) { |
71 |
/* Need this otherwise shit happens! |
72 |
Since lp -> dist > hp -> dist, we swap either l or p depending |
73 |
on whether we're above or below p */ |
74 |
h = l; |
75 |
hp = lp; |
76 |
} |
77 |
|
78 |
photon = hp -> photon; |
79 |
dist = hp -> dist; |
80 |
hp -> photon = pp -> photon; |
81 |
hp -> dist = pivot; |
82 |
pp -> photon = photon; |
83 |
pp -> dist = dist; |
84 |
if (h >= mid) |
85 |
hi = h - 1; |
86 |
if (h <= mid) |
87 |
lo = h + 1; |
88 |
} |
89 |
|
90 |
/* Once lo & hi have converged, we have found the median! */ |
91 |
} |
92 |
|
93 |
|
94 |
|
95 |
void biasComp (PhotonMap* pmap, COLOR irrad) |
96 |
/* Photon density estimate with bias compensation -- czech dis shit out! */ |
97 |
{ |
98 |
unsigned i, numLo, numHi, numMid; |
99 |
PhotonSQNode *sq; |
100 |
PhotonBCNode *hist; |
101 |
float r, totalWeight = 0; |
102 |
PhotonSQNode *squeueEnd; |
103 |
PhotonBCNode *histEnd; |
104 |
COLOR fluxLo, fluxMid, irradVar, irradAvg, p, d; |
105 |
|
106 |
if (!pmap -> biasCompHist) { |
107 |
/* Allocate bias compensation history */ |
108 |
numHi = pmap -> maxGather - pmap -> minGather; |
109 |
for (i = pmap -> minGather + 1; numHi > 1; numHi >>= 1, ++i); |
110 |
pmap -> biasCompHist = (PhotonBCNode*)malloc(i * sizeof(PhotonBCNode)); |
111 |
if (!pmap -> biasCompHist) |
112 |
error(USER, "can't allocate bias compensation history"); |
113 |
} |
114 |
|
115 |
numLo = min(pmap -> minGather, pmap -> squeueEnd - 1); |
116 |
numHi = min(pmap -> maxGather, pmap -> squeueEnd - 1); |
117 |
sq = squeueEnd = pmap -> squeue + pmap -> squeueEnd - 1; |
118 |
histEnd = pmap -> biasCompHist; |
119 |
setcolor(fluxLo, 0, 0, 0); |
120 |
|
121 |
/* Partition to get numLo closest photons starting from END of queue */ |
122 |
squeuePartition(squeueEnd, 1, numLo + 1, numHi); |
123 |
|
124 |
/* Get irradiance estimates (ignoring 1 / PI) using 1..numLo photons |
125 |
and chuck in history. Queue is traversed BACKWARDS. */ |
126 |
for (i = 1; i <= numLo; i++, sq--) { |
127 |
/* Make sure furthest two photons are consecutive wrt distance */ |
128 |
squeuePartition(squeueEnd, i, i + 1, numLo + 1); |
129 |
getPhotonFlux(sq -> photon, irrad); |
130 |
addcolor(fluxLo, irrad); |
131 |
/* Average radius between furthest two photons to improve accuracy */ |
132 |
r = 0.25 * (sq -> dist + (sq - 1) -> dist + |
133 |
2 * sqrt(sq -> dist * (sq - 1) -> dist)); |
134 |
/* Add irradiance and weight to history. Weights should increase |
135 |
monotonically based on number of photons used for the estimate. */ |
136 |
histEnd -> irrad [0] = fluxLo [0] / r; |
137 |
histEnd -> irrad [1] = fluxLo [1] / r; |
138 |
histEnd -> irrad [2] = fluxLo [2] / r; |
139 |
totalWeight += histEnd++ -> weight = BIASCOMP_WGT((float)i); |
140 |
} |
141 |
|
142 |
/* Compute expected value (average) and variance of irradiance based on |
143 |
history for numLo photons. */ |
144 |
setcolor(irradAvg, 0, 0, 0); |
145 |
setcolor(irradVar, 0, 0, 0); |
146 |
|
147 |
for (hist = pmap -> biasCompHist; hist < histEnd; ++hist) |
148 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) { |
149 |
irradAvg [i] += r = hist -> weight * hist -> irrad [i]; |
150 |
irradVar [i] += r * hist -> irrad [i]; |
151 |
} |
152 |
|
153 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) { |
154 |
r = irradAvg [i] /= totalWeight; |
155 |
irradVar [i] = irradVar [i] / totalWeight - r * r; |
156 |
} |
157 |
|
158 |
/* Do binary search within interval [numLo, numHi]. numLo is towards |
159 |
the END of the queue. */ |
160 |
while (numHi - numLo > 1) { |
161 |
numMid = (numLo + numHi) >> 1; |
162 |
/* Split interval to get numMid closest photons starting from the |
163 |
END of the queue */ |
164 |
squeuePartition(squeueEnd, numLo, numMid, numHi); |
165 |
/* Make sure furthest two photons are consecutive wrt distance */ |
166 |
squeuePartition(squeueEnd, numMid, numMid + 1, numHi); |
167 |
copycolor(fluxMid, fluxLo); |
168 |
sq = squeueEnd - numLo; |
169 |
|
170 |
/* Get irradiance for numMid photons (ignoring 1 / PI) */ |
171 |
for (i = numLo; i < numMid; i++, sq--) { |
172 |
getPhotonFlux(sq -> photon, irrad); |
173 |
addcolor(fluxMid, irrad); |
174 |
} |
175 |
|
176 |
/* Average radius between furthest two photons to improve accuracy */ |
177 |
r = 0.25 * (sq -> dist + (sq + 1) -> dist + |
178 |
2 * sqrt(sq -> dist * (sq + 1) -> dist)); |
179 |
|
180 |
/* Get deviation from current average, and probability that it's due |
181 |
to noise from gaussian distribution based on current variance. Since |
182 |
we are doing this for each colour channel we can also detect |
183 |
chromatic bias. */ |
184 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) { |
185 |
d [i] = irradAvg [i] - (irrad [i] = fluxMid [i] / r); |
186 |
p [i] = exp(-0.5 * d [i] * d [i] / irradVar [i]); |
187 |
} |
188 |
|
189 |
if (pmapRandom(pmap -> randState) < colorAvg(p)) { |
190 |
/* Deviation is probably noise, so add mid irradiance to history */ |
191 |
copycolor(histEnd -> irrad, irrad); |
192 |
totalWeight += histEnd++ -> weight = BIASCOMP_WGT((float)numMid); |
193 |
setcolor(irradAvg, 0, 0, 0); |
194 |
setcolor(irradVar, 0, 0, 0); |
195 |
|
196 |
/* Update average and variance */ |
197 |
for (hist = pmap -> biasCompHist; hist < histEnd; ++hist) |
198 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) { |
199 |
r = hist -> irrad [i]; |
200 |
irradAvg [i] += hist -> weight * r; |
201 |
irradVar [i] += hist -> weight * r * r; |
202 |
} |
203 |
|
204 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) { |
205 |
r = irradAvg [i] /= totalWeight; |
206 |
irradVar [i] = irradVar [i] / totalWeight - r * r; |
207 |
} |
208 |
|
209 |
/* Need more photons -- recurse on [numMid, numHi] */ |
210 |
numLo = numMid; |
211 |
copycolor(fluxLo, fluxMid); |
212 |
} |
213 |
else |
214 |
/* Deviation is probably bias -- need fewer photons, |
215 |
so recurse on [numLo, numMid] */ |
216 |
numHi = numMid; |
217 |
} |
218 |
|
219 |
--histEnd; |
220 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) { |
221 |
/* Estimated relative error */ |
222 |
d [i] = histEnd -> irrad [i] / irradAvg [i] - 1; |
223 |
|
224 |
#ifdef BIASCOMP_BWIDTH |
225 |
/* Return bandwidth instead of irradiance */ |
226 |
irrad [i] = numHi / PI; |
227 |
#else |
228 |
/* 1 / PI required as ambient normalisation factor */ |
229 |
irrad [i] = histEnd -> irrad [i] / (PI * PI); |
230 |
#endif |
231 |
} |
232 |
|
233 |
/* Update statistix */ |
234 |
r = colorAvg(d); |
235 |
if (r < pmap -> minError) |
236 |
pmap -> minError = r; |
237 |
if (r > pmap -> maxError) |
238 |
pmap -> maxError = r; |
239 |
pmap -> rmsError += r * r; |
240 |
|
241 |
if (numHi < pmap -> minGathered) |
242 |
pmap -> minGathered = numHi; |
243 |
if (numHi > pmap -> maxGathered) |
244 |
pmap -> maxGathered = numHi; |
245 |
|
246 |
pmap -> totalGathered += numHi; |
247 |
++pmap -> numDensity; |
248 |
} |
249 |
|
250 |
|
251 |
|
252 |
void volumeBiasComp (PhotonMap* pmap, const RAY* ray, COLOR irrad) |
253 |
/* Photon volume density estimate with bias compensation -- czech dis |
254 |
shit out! */ |
255 |
{ |
256 |
unsigned i, numLo, numHi, numMid = 0; |
257 |
PhotonSQNode *sq; |
258 |
PhotonBCNode *hist; |
259 |
const float gecc2 = ray -> gecc * ray -> gecc; |
260 |
float r, totalWeight = 0; |
261 |
PhotonSQNode *squeueEnd; |
262 |
PhotonBCNode *histEnd; |
263 |
COLOR fluxLo, fluxMid, irradVar, irradAvg, p, d; |
264 |
|
265 |
if (!pmap -> biasCompHist) { |
266 |
/* Allocate bias compensation history */ |
267 |
numHi = pmap -> maxGather - pmap -> minGather; |
268 |
for (i = pmap -> minGather + 1; numHi > 1; numHi >>= 1, ++i); |
269 |
pmap -> biasCompHist = (PhotonBCNode*)malloc(i * sizeof(PhotonBCNode)); |
270 |
if (!pmap -> biasCompHist) |
271 |
error(USER, "can't allocate bias compensation history"); |
272 |
} |
273 |
|
274 |
numLo = min(pmap -> minGather, pmap -> squeueEnd - 1); |
275 |
numHi = min(pmap -> maxGather, pmap -> squeueEnd - 1); |
276 |
sq = squeueEnd = pmap -> squeue + pmap -> squeueEnd - 1; |
277 |
histEnd = pmap -> biasCompHist; |
278 |
setcolor(fluxLo, 0, 0, 0); |
279 |
/* Partition to get numLo closest photons starting from END of queue */ |
280 |
squeuePartition(squeueEnd, 1, numLo, numHi); |
281 |
|
282 |
/* Get irradiance estimates (ignoring constants) using 1..numLo photons |
283 |
and chuck in history. Queue is traversed BACKWARDS. */ |
284 |
for (i = 1; i <= numLo; i++, sq--) { |
285 |
/* Make sure furthest two photons are consecutive wrt distance */ |
286 |
squeuePartition(squeueEnd, i, i + 1, numHi); |
287 |
|
288 |
/* Compute phase function for inscattering from photon */ |
289 |
if (gecc2 <= FTINY) |
290 |
r = 1; |
291 |
else { |
292 |
r = DOT(ray -> rdir, sq -> photon -> norm) / 127; |
293 |
r = 1 + gecc2 - 2 * ray -> gecc * r; |
294 |
r = (1 - gecc2) / (r * sqrt(r)); |
295 |
} |
296 |
|
297 |
getPhotonFlux(sq -> photon, irrad); |
298 |
scalecolor(irrad, r); |
299 |
addcolor(fluxLo, irrad); |
300 |
/* Average radius between furthest two photons to improve accuracy */ |
301 |
r = 0.25 * (sq -> dist + (sq - 1) -> dist + |
302 |
2 * sqrt(sq -> dist * (sq - 1) -> dist)); |
303 |
r *= sqrt(r); |
304 |
/* Add irradiance and weight to history. Weights should increase |
305 |
monotonically based on number of photons used for the estimate. */ |
306 |
histEnd -> irrad [0] = fluxLo [0] / r; |
307 |
histEnd -> irrad [1] = fluxLo [1] / r; |
308 |
histEnd -> irrad [2] = fluxLo [2] / r; |
309 |
totalWeight += histEnd++ -> weight = BIASCOMP_WGT((float)i); |
310 |
} |
311 |
|
312 |
/* Compute expected value (average) and variance of irradiance based on |
313 |
history for numLo photons. */ |
314 |
setcolor(irradAvg, 0, 0, 0); |
315 |
setcolor(irradVar, 0, 0, 0); |
316 |
|
317 |
for (hist = pmap -> biasCompHist; hist < histEnd; ++hist) |
318 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) { |
319 |
irradAvg [i] += r = hist -> weight * hist -> irrad [i]; |
320 |
irradVar [i] += r * hist -> irrad [i]; |
321 |
} |
322 |
|
323 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) { |
324 |
r = irradAvg [i] /= totalWeight; |
325 |
irradVar [i] = irradVar [i] / totalWeight - r * r; |
326 |
} |
327 |
|
328 |
/* Do binary search within interval [numLo, numHi]. numLo is towards |
329 |
the END of the queue. */ |
330 |
while (numHi - numLo > 1) { |
331 |
numMid = (numLo + numHi) >> 1; |
332 |
/* Split interval to get numMid closest photons starting from the |
333 |
END of the queue */ |
334 |
squeuePartition(squeueEnd, numLo, numMid, numHi); |
335 |
/* Make sure furthest two photons are consecutive wrt distance */ |
336 |
squeuePartition(squeueEnd, numMid, numMid + 1, numHi); |
337 |
copycolor(fluxMid, fluxLo); |
338 |
sq = squeueEnd - numLo; |
339 |
|
340 |
/* Get irradiance for numMid photons (ignoring constants) */ |
341 |
for (i = numLo; i < numMid; i++, sq--) { |
342 |
/* Compute phase function for inscattering from photon */ |
343 |
if (gecc2 <= FTINY) |
344 |
r = 1; |
345 |
else { |
346 |
r = DOT(ray -> rdir, sq -> photon -> norm) / 127; |
347 |
r = 1 + gecc2 - 2 * ray -> gecc * r; |
348 |
r = (1 - gecc2) / (r * sqrt(r)); |
349 |
} |
350 |
|
351 |
getPhotonFlux(sq -> photon, irrad); |
352 |
scalecolor(irrad, r); |
353 |
addcolor(fluxMid, irrad); |
354 |
} |
355 |
|
356 |
/* Average radius between furthest two photons to improve accuracy */ |
357 |
r = 0.25 * (sq -> dist + (sq + 1) -> dist + |
358 |
2 * sqrt(sq -> dist * (sq + 1) -> dist)); |
359 |
r *= sqrt(r); |
360 |
|
361 |
/* Get deviation from current average, and probability that it's due |
362 |
to noise from gaussian distribution based on current variance. Since |
363 |
we are doing this for each colour channel we can also detect |
364 |
chromatic bias. */ |
365 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; ++i) { |
366 |
d [i] = irradAvg [i] - (irrad [i] = fluxMid [i] / r); |
367 |
p [i] = exp(-0.5 * d [i] * d [i] / irradVar [i]); |
368 |
} |
369 |
|
370 |
if (pmapRandom(pmap -> randState) < colorAvg(p)) { |
371 |
/* Deviation is probably noise, so add mid irradiance to history */ |
372 |
copycolor(histEnd -> irrad, irrad); |
373 |
totalWeight += histEnd++ -> weight = BIASCOMP_WGT((float)numMid); |
374 |
setcolor(irradAvg, 0, 0, 0); |
375 |
setcolor(irradVar, 0, 0, 0); |
376 |
|
377 |
/* Update average and variance */ |
378 |
for (hist = pmap -> biasCompHist; hist < histEnd; ++hist) |
379 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) { |
380 |
r = hist -> irrad [i]; |
381 |
irradAvg [i] += hist -> weight * r; |
382 |
irradVar [i] += hist -> weight * r * r; |
383 |
} |
384 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) { |
385 |
r = irradAvg [i] /= totalWeight; |
386 |
irradVar [i] = irradVar [i] / totalWeight - r * r; |
387 |
} |
388 |
|
389 |
/* Need more photons -- recurse on [numMid, numHi] */ |
390 |
numLo = numMid; |
391 |
copycolor(fluxLo, fluxMid); |
392 |
} |
393 |
else |
394 |
/* Deviation is probably bias -- need fewer photons, |
395 |
so recurse on [numLo, numMid] */ |
396 |
numHi = numMid; |
397 |
} |
398 |
|
399 |
--histEnd; |
400 |
for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) { |
401 |
/* Estimated relative error */ |
402 |
d [i] = histEnd -> irrad [i] / irradAvg [i] - 1; |
403 |
/* Divide by 4 / 3 * PI for search volume (r^3 already accounted |
404 |
for) and phase function normalization factor 1 / (4 * PI) */ |
405 |
irrad [i] = histEnd -> irrad [i] * 3 / (16 * PI * PI); |
406 |
} |
407 |
|
408 |
/* Update statistix */ |
409 |
r = colorAvg(d); |
410 |
if (r < pmap -> minError) |
411 |
pmap -> minError = r; |
412 |
if (r > pmap -> maxError) |
413 |
pmap -> maxError = r; |
414 |
pmap -> rmsError += r * r; |
415 |
|
416 |
if (numMid < pmap -> minGathered) |
417 |
pmap -> minGathered = numMid; |
418 |
if (numMid > pmap -> maxGathered) |
419 |
pmap -> maxGathered = numMid; |
420 |
|
421 |
pmap -> totalGathered += numMid; |
422 |
++pmap -> numDensity; |
423 |
} |
424 |
|