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/* Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California */ |
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/* Copyright (c) 1996 Regents of the University of California */ |
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#ifndef lint |
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static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL"; |
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* 12/19/85 - added stuff for metals. |
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* 6/26/87 - improved specular model. |
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* 9/28/87 - added model for translucent materials. |
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* Later changes described in delta comments. |
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*/ |
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#include "ray.h" |
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|
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#include "otypes.h" |
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|
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#include "random.h" |
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|
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extern double specthresh; /* specular sampling threshold */ |
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extern double specjitter; /* specular sampling jitter */ |
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|
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extern int backvis; /* back faces visible? */ |
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|
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#ifndef MAXITER |
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#define MAXITER 10 /* maximum # specular ray attempts */ |
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#endif |
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|
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static gaussamp(); |
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|
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/* |
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* This routine uses portions of the reflection |
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* model described by Cook and Torrance. |
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* The computation of specular components has been simplified by |
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* numerous approximations and ommisions to improve speed. |
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* This routine implements the isotropic Gaussian |
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* model described by Ward in Siggraph `92 article. |
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* We orient the surface towards the incoming ray, so a single |
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* surface can be used to represent an infinitely thin object. |
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* |
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* red grn blu rspec rough trans tspec |
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*/ |
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|
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#define BSPEC(m) (6.0) /* specularity parameter b */ |
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/* specularity flags */ |
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#define SP_REFL 01 /* has reflected specular component */ |
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#define SP_TRAN 02 /* has transmitted specular */ |
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#define SP_PURE 04 /* purely specular (zero roughness) */ |
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#define SP_FLAT 010 /* flat reflecting surface */ |
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#define SP_RBLT 020 /* reflection below sample threshold */ |
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#define SP_TBLT 040 /* transmission below threshold */ |
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|
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extern double exp(); |
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|
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typedef struct { |
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OBJREC *mp; /* material pointer */ |
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RAY *pr; /* intersected ray */ |
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RAY *rp; /* ray pointer */ |
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short specfl; /* specularity flags, defined above */ |
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COLOR mcolor; /* color of this material */ |
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COLOR scolor; /* color of specular component */ |
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FVECT vrefl; /* vector in direction of reflected ray */ |
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double alpha2; /* roughness squared times 2 */ |
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FVECT prdir; /* vector in transmitted direction */ |
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double alpha2; /* roughness squared */ |
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double rdiff, rspec; /* reflected specular, diffuse */ |
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double trans; /* transmissivity */ |
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double tdiff, tspec; /* transmitted specular, diffuse */ |
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double omega; /* light source size */ |
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{ |
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double ldot; |
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double dtmp; |
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double dtmp, d2; |
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FVECT vtmp; |
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COLOR ctmp; |
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|
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setcolor(cval, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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if (ldot > FTINY && np->rspec > FTINY && np->alpha2 > FTINY) { |
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if (ldot > FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_REFL|SP_PURE)) == SP_REFL) { |
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/* |
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* Compute specular reflection coefficient using |
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* gaussian distribution model. |
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*/ |
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/* roughness + source */ |
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dtmp = np->alpha2 + omega/(2.0*PI); |
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/* roughness */ |
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dtmp = np->alpha2; |
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/* + source if flat */ |
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if (np->specfl & SP_FLAT) |
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dtmp += omega/(4.0*PI); |
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/* half vector */ |
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vtmp[0] = ldir[0] - np->rp->rdir[0]; |
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vtmp[1] = ldir[1] - np->rp->rdir[1]; |
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vtmp[2] = ldir[2] - np->rp->rdir[2]; |
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d2 = DOT(vtmp, np->pnorm); |
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d2 *= d2; |
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d2 = (DOT(vtmp,vtmp) - d2) / d2; |
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/* gaussian */ |
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dtmp = exp((DOT(np->vrefl,ldir)-1.)/dtmp)/(2.*PI)/dtmp; |
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dtmp = exp(-d2/dtmp)/(4.*PI*dtmp); |
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/* worth using? */ |
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if (dtmp > FTINY) { |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->scolor); |
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dtmp *= omega; |
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dtmp *= omega * sqrt(ldot/np->pdot); |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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if (ldot < -FTINY && np->tspec > FTINY && np->alpha2 > FTINY) { |
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if (ldot < -FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) == SP_TRAN) { |
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/* |
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* Compute specular transmission. Specular transmission |
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* is unaffected by material color. |
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* is always modified by material color. |
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*/ |
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/* roughness + source */ |
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dtmp = np->alpha2 + omega/(2.0*PI); |
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dtmp = np->alpha2 + omega/PI; |
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/* gaussian */ |
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dtmp = exp((DOT(np->pr->rdir,ldir)-1.)/dtmp)/(2.*PI)/dtmp; |
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dtmp = exp((2.*DOT(np->prdir,ldir)-2.)/dtmp)/(PI*dtmp); |
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/* worth using? */ |
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if (dtmp > FTINY) { |
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dtmp *= np->tspec * omega; |
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setcolor(ctmp, dtmp, dtmp, dtmp); |
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> |
copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor); |
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dtmp *= np->tspec * omega * sqrt(-ldot/np->pdot); |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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|
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|
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m_normal(m, r) /* color a ray which hit something normal */ |
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m_normal(m, r) /* color a ray that hit something normal */ |
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register OBJREC *m; |
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register RAY *r; |
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{ |
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NORMDAT nd; |
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double transtest, transdist; |
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double dtmp; |
| 163 |
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double mirtest, mirdist; |
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int hastexture; |
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double d; |
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COLOR ctmp; |
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register int i; |
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|
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if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype == MAT_TRANS ? 7 : 5)) |
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objerror(m, USER, "bad # arguments"); |
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/* easy shadow test */ |
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if (r->crtype & SHADOW && m->otype != MAT_TRANS) |
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return; |
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> |
return(1); |
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> |
|
| 172 |
> |
if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype == MAT_TRANS ? 7 : 5)) |
| 173 |
> |
objerror(m, USER, "bad number of arguments"); |
| 174 |
> |
/* check for back side */ |
| 175 |
> |
if (r->rod < 0.0) { |
| 176 |
> |
if (!backvis && m->otype != MAT_TRANS) { |
| 177 |
> |
raytrans(r); |
| 178 |
> |
return(1); |
| 179 |
> |
} |
| 180 |
> |
flipsurface(r); /* reorient if backvis */ |
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> |
} |
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nd.mp = m; |
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< |
nd.pr = r; |
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> |
nd.rp = r; |
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/* get material color */ |
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setcolor(nd.mcolor, m->oargs.farg[0], |
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m->oargs.farg[1], |
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m->oargs.farg[2]); |
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/* get roughness */ |
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nd.specfl = 0; |
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nd.alpha2 = m->oargs.farg[4]; |
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nd.alpha2 *= 2.0 * nd.alpha2; |
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< |
/* reorient if necessary */ |
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< |
if (r->rod < 0.0) |
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< |
flipsurface(r); |
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> |
if ((nd.alpha2 *= nd.alpha2) <= FTINY) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_PURE; |
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if (r->ro != NULL && isflat(r->ro->otype)) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_FLAT; |
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/* get modifiers */ |
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raytexture(r, m->omod); |
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nd.pdot = raynormal(nd.pnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
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> |
if (hastexture = DOT(r->pert,r->pert) > FTINY*FTINY) |
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> |
nd.pdot = raynormal(nd.pnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
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else { |
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VCOPY(nd.pnorm, r->ron); |
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> |
nd.pdot = r->rod; |
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} |
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> |
if (nd.pdot < .001) |
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> |
nd.pdot = .001; /* non-zero for dirnorm() */ |
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multcolor(nd.mcolor, r->pcol); /* modify material color */ |
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r->rt = r->rot; /* default ray length */ |
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transtest = 0; |
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/* get specular component */ |
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> |
mirtest = transtest = 0; |
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> |
mirdist = transdist = r->rot; |
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nd.rspec = m->oargs.farg[3]; |
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/* compute transmission */ |
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if (m->otype == MAT_TRANS) { |
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nd.trans = m->oargs.farg[5]*(1.0 - nd.rspec); |
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nd.tspec = nd.trans * m->oargs.farg[6]; |
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nd.tdiff = nd.trans - nd.tspec; |
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if (nd.tspec > FTINY) { |
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nd.specfl |= SP_TRAN; |
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/* check threshold */ |
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if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE) && |
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specthresh >= nd.tspec-FTINY) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_TBLT; |
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if (!hastexture || r->crtype & SHADOW) { |
| 221 |
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VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir); |
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transtest = 2; |
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} else { |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* perturb */ |
| 225 |
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nd.prdir[i] = r->rdir[i] - r->pert[i]; |
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if (DOT(nd.prdir, r->ron) < -FTINY) |
| 227 |
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normalize(nd.prdir); /* OK */ |
| 228 |
+ |
else |
| 229 |
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VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir); |
| 230 |
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} |
| 231 |
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} |
| 232 |
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} else |
| 233 |
+ |
nd.tdiff = nd.tspec = nd.trans = 0.0; |
| 234 |
+ |
/* transmitted ray */ |
| 235 |
+ |
if (nd.specfl&SP_TRAN && (nd.specfl&SP_PURE || r->crtype&SHADOW)) { |
| 236 |
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RAY lr; |
| 237 |
+ |
if (rayorigin(&lr, r, TRANS, nd.tspec) == 0) { |
| 238 |
+ |
VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.prdir); |
| 239 |
+ |
rayvalue(&lr); |
| 240 |
+ |
scalecolor(lr.rcol, nd.tspec); |
| 241 |
+ |
multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
| 242 |
+ |
addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol); |
| 243 |
+ |
transtest *= bright(lr.rcol); |
| 244 |
+ |
transdist = r->rot + lr.rt; |
| 245 |
+ |
} |
| 246 |
+ |
} else |
| 247 |
+ |
transtest = 0; |
| 248 |
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|
| 249 |
< |
if (nd.rspec > FTINY) { /* has specular component */ |
| 249 |
> |
if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* the rest is shadow */ |
| 250 |
> |
r->rt = transdist; |
| 251 |
> |
return(1); |
| 252 |
> |
} |
| 253 |
> |
/* get specular reflection */ |
| 254 |
> |
if (nd.rspec > FTINY) { |
| 255 |
> |
nd.specfl |= SP_REFL; |
| 256 |
|
/* compute specular color */ |
| 257 |
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if (m->otype == MAT_METAL) |
| 258 |
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copycolor(nd.scolor, nd.mcolor); |
| 259 |
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else |
| 260 |
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setcolor(nd.scolor, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); |
| 261 |
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scalecolor(nd.scolor, nd.rspec); |
| 262 |
< |
/* improved model */ |
| 263 |
< |
dtmp = exp(-BSPEC(m)*nd.pdot); |
| 264 |
< |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 173 |
< |
colval(nd.scolor,i) += (1.0-colval(nd.scolor,i))*dtmp; |
| 174 |
< |
nd.rspec += (1.0-nd.rspec)*dtmp; |
| 262 |
> |
/* check threshold */ |
| 263 |
> |
if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE) && specthresh >= nd.rspec-FTINY) |
| 264 |
> |
nd.specfl |= SP_RBLT; |
| 265 |
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/* compute reflected ray */ |
| 266 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 267 |
< |
nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*nd.pdot*nd.pnorm[i]; |
| 267 |
> |
nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.*nd.pdot*nd.pnorm[i]; |
| 268 |
> |
/* penetration? */ |
| 269 |
> |
if (hastexture && DOT(nd.vrefl, r->ron) <= FTINY) |
| 270 |
> |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* safety measure */ |
| 271 |
> |
nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.*r->rod*r->ron[i]; |
| 272 |
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|
| 273 |
< |
if (nd.alpha2 <= FTINY && !(r->crtype & SHADOW)) { |
| 273 |
> |
if (!(r->crtype & SHADOW) && nd.specfl & SP_PURE) { |
| 274 |
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RAY lr; |
| 275 |
|
if (rayorigin(&lr, r, REFLECTED, nd.rspec) == 0) { |
| 276 |
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VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.vrefl); |
| 277 |
|
rayvalue(&lr); |
| 278 |
|
multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.scolor); |
| 279 |
|
addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol); |
| 280 |
+ |
if (!hastexture && nd.specfl & SP_FLAT) { |
| 281 |
+ |
mirtest = 2.*bright(lr.rcol); |
| 282 |
+ |
mirdist = r->rot + lr.rt; |
| 283 |
+ |
} |
| 284 |
|
} |
| 285 |
|
} |
| 286 |
|
} |
| 189 |
– |
/* compute transmission */ |
| 190 |
– |
if (m->otype == MAT_TRANS) { |
| 191 |
– |
nd.trans = m->oargs.farg[5]*(1.0 - nd.rspec); |
| 192 |
– |
nd.tspec = nd.trans * m->oargs.farg[6]; |
| 193 |
– |
nd.tdiff = nd.trans - nd.tspec; |
| 194 |
– |
} else |
| 195 |
– |
nd.tdiff = nd.tspec = nd.trans = 0.0; |
| 196 |
– |
/* transmitted ray */ |
| 197 |
– |
if (nd.tspec > FTINY && nd.alpha2 <= FTINY) { |
| 198 |
– |
RAY lr; |
| 199 |
– |
if (rayorigin(&lr, r, TRANS, nd.tspec) == 0) { |
| 200 |
– |
if (DOT(r->pert,r->pert) > FTINY*FTINY) { |
| 201 |
– |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* perturb direction */ |
| 202 |
– |
lr.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] - |
| 203 |
– |
.75*r->pert[i]; |
| 204 |
– |
normalize(lr.rdir); |
| 205 |
– |
} else |
| 206 |
– |
transtest = 2; |
| 207 |
– |
rayvalue(&lr); |
| 208 |
– |
scalecolor(lr.rcol, nd.tspec); |
| 209 |
– |
multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
| 210 |
– |
addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol); |
| 211 |
– |
transtest *= bright(lr.rcol); |
| 212 |
– |
transdist = r->rot + lr.rt; |
| 213 |
– |
} |
| 214 |
– |
} |
| 215 |
– |
if (r->crtype & SHADOW) /* the rest is shadow */ |
| 216 |
– |
return; |
| 287 |
|
/* diffuse reflection */ |
| 288 |
|
nd.rdiff = 1.0 - nd.trans - nd.rspec; |
| 289 |
|
|
| 290 |
< |
if (nd.rdiff <= FTINY && nd.tdiff <= FTINY && nd.alpha2 <= FTINY) |
| 291 |
< |
return; /* purely specular */ |
| 290 |
> |
if (nd.specfl & SP_PURE && nd.rdiff <= FTINY && nd.tdiff <= FTINY) |
| 291 |
> |
return(1); /* 100% pure specular */ |
| 292 |
|
|
| 293 |
+ |
if (nd.specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_TRAN) && !(nd.specfl & SP_PURE)) |
| 294 |
+ |
gaussamp(r, &nd); |
| 295 |
+ |
|
| 296 |
|
if (nd.rdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from this side */ |
| 297 |
< |
ambient(ctmp, r); |
| 298 |
< |
if (nd.alpha2 <= FTINY) |
| 226 |
< |
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff); |
| 227 |
< |
else |
| 297 |
> |
ambient(ctmp, r, hastexture?nd.pnorm:r->ron); |
| 298 |
> |
if (nd.specfl & SP_RBLT) |
| 299 |
|
scalecolor(ctmp, 1.0-nd.trans); |
| 300 |
+ |
else |
| 301 |
+ |
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff); |
| 302 |
|
multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by material color */ |
| 303 |
|
addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); /* add to returned color */ |
| 304 |
|
} |
| 305 |
|
if (nd.tdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from other side */ |
| 306 |
|
flipsurface(r); |
| 307 |
< |
ambient(ctmp, r); |
| 308 |
< |
if (nd.alpha2 <= FTINY) |
| 309 |
< |
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff); |
| 310 |
< |
else |
| 307 |
> |
if (hastexture) { |
| 308 |
> |
FVECT bnorm; |
| 309 |
> |
bnorm[0] = -nd.pnorm[0]; |
| 310 |
> |
bnorm[1] = -nd.pnorm[1]; |
| 311 |
> |
bnorm[2] = -nd.pnorm[2]; |
| 312 |
> |
ambient(ctmp, r, bnorm); |
| 313 |
> |
} else |
| 314 |
> |
ambient(ctmp, r, r->ron); |
| 315 |
> |
if (nd.specfl & SP_TBLT) |
| 316 |
|
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.trans); |
| 317 |
< |
multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); |
| 317 |
> |
else |
| 318 |
> |
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff); |
| 319 |
> |
multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
| 320 |
|
addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); |
| 321 |
|
flipsurface(r); |
| 322 |
|
} |
| 323 |
|
/* add direct component */ |
| 324 |
|
direct(r, dirnorm, &nd); |
| 325 |
|
/* check distance */ |
| 326 |
< |
if (transtest > bright(r->rcol)) |
| 326 |
> |
d = bright(r->rcol); |
| 327 |
> |
if (transtest > d) |
| 328 |
|
r->rt = transdist; |
| 329 |
+ |
else if (mirtest > d) |
| 330 |
+ |
r->rt = mirdist; |
| 331 |
+ |
|
| 332 |
+ |
return(1); |
| 333 |
+ |
} |
| 334 |
+ |
|
| 335 |
+ |
|
| 336 |
+ |
static |
| 337 |
+ |
gaussamp(r, np) /* sample gaussian specular */ |
| 338 |
+ |
RAY *r; |
| 339 |
+ |
register NORMDAT *np; |
| 340 |
+ |
{ |
| 341 |
+ |
RAY sr; |
| 342 |
+ |
FVECT u, v, h; |
| 343 |
+ |
double rv[2]; |
| 344 |
+ |
double d, sinp, cosp; |
| 345 |
+ |
int niter; |
| 346 |
+ |
register int i; |
| 347 |
+ |
/* quick test */ |
| 348 |
+ |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) != SP_REFL && |
| 349 |
+ |
(np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) != SP_TRAN) |
| 350 |
+ |
return; |
| 351 |
+ |
/* set up sample coordinates */ |
| 352 |
+ |
v[0] = v[1] = v[2] = 0.0; |
| 353 |
+ |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 354 |
+ |
if (np->pnorm[i] < 0.6 && np->pnorm[i] > -0.6) |
| 355 |
+ |
break; |
| 356 |
+ |
v[i] = 1.0; |
| 357 |
+ |
fcross(u, v, np->pnorm); |
| 358 |
+ |
normalize(u); |
| 359 |
+ |
fcross(v, np->pnorm, u); |
| 360 |
+ |
/* compute reflection */ |
| 361 |
+ |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) == SP_REFL && |
| 362 |
+ |
rayorigin(&sr, r, SPECULAR, np->rspec) == 0) { |
| 363 |
+ |
dimlist[ndims++] = (int)np->mp; |
| 364 |
+ |
for (niter = 0; niter < MAXITER; niter++) { |
| 365 |
+ |
if (niter) |
| 366 |
+ |
d = frandom(); |
| 367 |
+ |
else |
| 368 |
+ |
d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+samplendx); |
| 369 |
+ |
multisamp(rv, 2, d); |
| 370 |
+ |
d = 2.0*PI * rv[0]; |
| 371 |
+ |
cosp = cos(d); |
| 372 |
+ |
sinp = sin(d); |
| 373 |
+ |
rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1]; |
| 374 |
+ |
if (rv[1] <= FTINY) |
| 375 |
+ |
d = 1.0; |
| 376 |
+ |
else |
| 377 |
+ |
d = sqrt( np->alpha2 * -log(rv[1]) ); |
| 378 |
+ |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 379 |
+ |
h[i] = np->pnorm[i] + d*(cosp*u[i] + sinp*v[i]); |
| 380 |
+ |
d = -2.0 * DOT(h, r->rdir) / (1.0 + d*d); |
| 381 |
+ |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 382 |
+ |
sr.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + d*h[i]; |
| 383 |
+ |
if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) > FTINY) { |
| 384 |
+ |
rayvalue(&sr); |
| 385 |
+ |
multcolor(sr.rcol, np->scolor); |
| 386 |
+ |
addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol); |
| 387 |
+ |
break; |
| 388 |
+ |
} |
| 389 |
+ |
} |
| 390 |
+ |
ndims--; |
| 391 |
+ |
} |
| 392 |
+ |
/* compute transmission */ |
| 393 |
+ |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) == SP_TRAN && |
| 394 |
+ |
rayorigin(&sr, r, SPECULAR, np->tspec) == 0) { |
| 395 |
+ |
dimlist[ndims++] = (int)np->mp; |
| 396 |
+ |
for (niter = 0; niter < MAXITER; niter++) { |
| 397 |
+ |
if (niter) |
| 398 |
+ |
d = frandom(); |
| 399 |
+ |
else |
| 400 |
+ |
d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+1823+samplendx); |
| 401 |
+ |
multisamp(rv, 2, d); |
| 402 |
+ |
d = 2.0*PI * rv[0]; |
| 403 |
+ |
cosp = cos(d); |
| 404 |
+ |
sinp = sin(d); |
| 405 |
+ |
rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1]; |
| 406 |
+ |
if (rv[1] <= FTINY) |
| 407 |
+ |
d = 1.0; |
| 408 |
+ |
else |
| 409 |
+ |
d = sqrt( -log(rv[1]) * np->alpha2 ); |
| 410 |
+ |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 411 |
+ |
sr.rdir[i] = np->prdir[i] + d*(cosp*u[i] + sinp*v[i]); |
| 412 |
+ |
if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) < -FTINY) { |
| 413 |
+ |
normalize(sr.rdir); /* OK, normalize */ |
| 414 |
+ |
rayvalue(&sr); |
| 415 |
+ |
scalecolor(sr.rcol, np->tspec); |
| 416 |
+ |
multcolor(sr.rcol, np->mcolor); /* modified */ |
| 417 |
+ |
addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol); |
| 418 |
+ |
break; |
| 419 |
+ |
} |
| 420 |
+ |
} |
| 421 |
+ |
ndims--; |
| 422 |
+ |
} |
| 423 |
|
} |
