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/* Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California */ |
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/* Copyright (c) 1998 Silicon Graphics, Inc. */ |
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#ifndef lint |
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static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL"; |
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static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ SGI"; |
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#endif |
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/* |
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* 12/19/85 - added stuff for metals. |
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* 6/26/87 - improved specular model. |
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* 9/28/87 - added model for translucent materials. |
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* Later changes described in delta comments. |
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*/ |
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#include "ray.h" |
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|
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#include "otypes.h" |
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|
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#include "random.h" |
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|
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extern double specthresh; /* specular sampling threshold */ |
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extern double specjitter; /* specular sampling jitter */ |
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|
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extern int backvis; /* back faces visible? */ |
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|
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#ifndef MAXITER |
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#define MAXITER 10 /* maximum # specular ray attempts */ |
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#endif |
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|
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static gaussamp(); |
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|
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/* |
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* This routine uses portions of the reflection |
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* model described by Cook and Torrance. |
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* The computation of specular components has been simplified by |
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* numerous approximations and ommisions to improve speed. |
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* This routine implements the isotropic Gaussian |
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* model described by Ward in Siggraph `92 article. |
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* We orient the surface towards the incoming ray, so a single |
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* surface can be used to represent an infinitely thin object. |
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* |
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* red grn blu rspec rough trans tspec |
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*/ |
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|
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#define BSPEC(m) (6.0) /* specularity parameter b */ |
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/* specularity flags */ |
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#define SP_REFL 01 /* has reflected specular component */ |
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#define SP_TRAN 02 /* has transmitted specular */ |
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#define SP_PURE 04 /* purely specular (zero roughness) */ |
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#define SP_FLAT 010 /* flat reflecting surface */ |
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#define SP_RBLT 020 /* reflection below sample threshold */ |
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#define SP_TBLT 040 /* transmission below threshold */ |
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|
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extern double exp(); |
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|
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typedef struct { |
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OBJREC *mp; /* material pointer */ |
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RAY *pr; /* intersected ray */ |
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RAY *rp; /* ray pointer */ |
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short specfl; /* specularity flags, defined above */ |
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COLOR mcolor; /* color of this material */ |
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COLOR scolor; /* color of specular component */ |
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FVECT vrefl; /* vector in direction of reflected ray */ |
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double alpha2; /* roughness squared times 2 */ |
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FVECT prdir; /* vector in transmitted direction */ |
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double alpha2; /* roughness squared */ |
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double rdiff, rspec; /* reflected specular, diffuse */ |
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double trans; /* transmissivity */ |
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double tdiff, tspec; /* transmitted specular, diffuse */ |
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double omega; /* light source size */ |
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{ |
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double ldot; |
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double dtmp; |
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double dtmp, d2; |
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FVECT vtmp; |
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COLOR ctmp; |
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|
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setcolor(cval, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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if (ldot > FTINY && np->rspec > FTINY && np->alpha2 > FTINY) { |
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if (ldot > FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_REFL|SP_PURE)) == SP_REFL) { |
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/* |
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* Compute specular reflection coefficient using |
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* gaussian distribution model. |
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*/ |
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/* roughness + source */ |
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dtmp = np->alpha2 + omega/(2.0*PI); |
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/* roughness */ |
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dtmp = np->alpha2; |
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/* + source if flat */ |
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if (np->specfl & SP_FLAT) |
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dtmp += omega/(4.0*PI); |
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/* half vector */ |
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vtmp[0] = ldir[0] - np->rp->rdir[0]; |
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vtmp[1] = ldir[1] - np->rp->rdir[1]; |
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vtmp[2] = ldir[2] - np->rp->rdir[2]; |
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d2 = DOT(vtmp, np->pnorm); |
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d2 *= d2; |
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d2 = (DOT(vtmp,vtmp) - d2) / d2; |
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/* gaussian */ |
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dtmp = exp((DOT(np->vrefl,ldir)-1.)/dtmp)/(2.*PI)/dtmp; |
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dtmp = exp(-d2/dtmp)/(4.*PI*dtmp); |
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/* worth using? */ |
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if (dtmp > FTINY) { |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->scolor); |
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dtmp *= omega; |
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dtmp *= omega * sqrt(ldot/np->pdot); |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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if (ldot < -FTINY && np->tspec > FTINY && np->alpha2 > FTINY) { |
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if (ldot < -FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) == SP_TRAN) { |
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/* |
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* Compute specular transmission. Specular transmission |
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* is unaffected by material color. |
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* is always modified by material color. |
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*/ |
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/* roughness + source */ |
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dtmp = np->alpha2 + omega/(2.0*PI); |
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dtmp = np->alpha2 + omega/PI; |
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/* gaussian */ |
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dtmp = exp((DOT(np->pr->rdir,ldir)-1.)/dtmp)/(2.*PI)/dtmp; |
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dtmp = exp((2.*DOT(np->prdir,ldir)-2.)/dtmp)/(PI*dtmp); |
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/* worth using? */ |
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if (dtmp > FTINY) { |
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dtmp *= np->tspec * omega; |
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setcolor(ctmp, dtmp, dtmp, dtmp); |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor); |
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dtmp *= np->tspec * omega * sqrt(-ldot/np->pdot); |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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|
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|
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m_normal(m, r) /* color a ray which hit something normal */ |
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m_normal(m, r) /* color a ray that hit something normal */ |
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register OBJREC *m; |
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register RAY *r; |
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{ |
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NORMDAT nd; |
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double transtest, transdist; |
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double dtmp; |
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double mirtest, mirdist; |
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int hastexture; |
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double d; |
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COLOR ctmp; |
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register int i; |
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|
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if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype == MAT_TRANS ? 7 : 5)) |
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objerror(m, USER, "bad # arguments"); |
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/* easy shadow test */ |
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if (r->crtype & SHADOW && m->otype != MAT_TRANS) |
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return; |
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return(1); |
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|
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if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype == MAT_TRANS ? 7 : 5)) |
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objerror(m, USER, "bad number of arguments"); |
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/* check for back side */ |
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if (r->rod < 0.0) { |
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if (!backvis && m->otype != MAT_TRANS) { |
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raytrans(r); |
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return(1); |
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} |
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flipsurface(r); /* reorient if backvis */ |
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} |
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nd.mp = m; |
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nd.pr = r; |
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nd.rp = r; |
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/* get material color */ |
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setcolor(nd.mcolor, m->oargs.farg[0], |
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m->oargs.farg[1], |
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m->oargs.farg[2]); |
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/* get roughness */ |
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nd.specfl = 0; |
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nd.alpha2 = m->oargs.farg[4]; |
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nd.alpha2 *= 2.0 * nd.alpha2; |
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/* reorient if necessary */ |
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if (r->rod < 0.0) |
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flipsurface(r); |
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if ((nd.alpha2 *= nd.alpha2) <= FTINY) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_PURE; |
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if (r->ro != NULL && isflat(r->ro->otype)) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_FLAT; |
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/* get modifiers */ |
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raytexture(r, m->omod); |
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nd.pdot = raynormal(nd.pnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
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if (hastexture = DOT(r->pert,r->pert) > FTINY*FTINY) |
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nd.pdot = raynormal(nd.pnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
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else { |
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VCOPY(nd.pnorm, r->ron); |
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nd.pdot = r->rod; |
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} |
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if (nd.pdot < .001) |
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nd.pdot = .001; /* non-zero for dirnorm() */ |
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multcolor(nd.mcolor, r->pcol); /* modify material color */ |
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transtest = 0; |
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/* get specular component */ |
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mirtest = transtest = 0; |
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mirdist = transdist = r->rot; |
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nd.rspec = m->oargs.farg[3]; |
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|
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if (nd.rspec > FTINY) { /* has specular component */ |
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/* compute specular color */ |
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if (m->otype == MAT_METAL) |
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copycolor(nd.scolor, nd.mcolor); |
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else |
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setcolor(nd.scolor, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); |
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scalecolor(nd.scolor, nd.rspec); |
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/* improved model */ |
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dtmp = exp(-BSPEC(m)*nd.pdot); |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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colval(nd.scolor,i) += (1.0-colval(nd.scolor,i))*dtmp; |
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nd.rspec += (1.0-nd.rspec)*dtmp; |
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/* compute reflected ray */ |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*nd.pdot*nd.pnorm[i]; |
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|
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if (nd.alpha2 <= FTINY && !(r->crtype & SHADOW)) { |
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RAY lr; |
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if (rayorigin(&lr, r, REFLECTED, nd.rspec) == 0) { |
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VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.vrefl); |
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rayvalue(&lr); |
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multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.scolor); |
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addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/* compute transmission */ |
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if (m->otype == MAT_TRANS) { |
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nd.trans = m->oargs.farg[5]*(1.0 - nd.rspec); |
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nd.tspec = nd.trans * m->oargs.farg[6]; |
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nd.tdiff = nd.trans - nd.tspec; |
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if (nd.tspec > FTINY) { |
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nd.specfl |= SP_TRAN; |
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/* check threshold */ |
217 |
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if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE) && |
218 |
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specthresh >= nd.tspec-FTINY) |
219 |
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nd.specfl |= SP_TBLT; |
220 |
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if (!hastexture || r->crtype & SHADOW) { |
221 |
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VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir); |
222 |
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transtest = 2; |
223 |
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} else { |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* perturb */ |
225 |
+ |
nd.prdir[i] = r->rdir[i] - r->pert[i]; |
226 |
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if (DOT(nd.prdir, r->ron) < -FTINY) |
227 |
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normalize(nd.prdir); /* OK */ |
228 |
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else |
229 |
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VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir); |
230 |
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} |
231 |
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} |
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} else |
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nd.tdiff = nd.tspec = nd.trans = 0.0; |
234 |
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/* transmitted ray */ |
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< |
if (nd.tspec > FTINY && nd.alpha2 <= FTINY) { |
235 |
> |
if ((nd.specfl&(SP_TRAN|SP_PURE|SP_TBLT)) == (SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) { |
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RAY lr; |
237 |
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if (rayorigin(&lr, r, TRANS, nd.tspec) == 0) { |
238 |
< |
if (DOT(r->pert,r->pert) > FTINY*FTINY) { |
200 |
< |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* perturb direction */ |
201 |
< |
lr.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] - |
202 |
< |
.75*r->pert[i]; |
203 |
< |
normalize(lr.rdir); |
204 |
< |
} else { |
205 |
< |
VCOPY(lr.rdir, r->rdir); |
206 |
< |
transtest = 2; |
207 |
< |
} |
238 |
> |
VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.prdir); |
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rayvalue(&lr); |
240 |
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scalecolor(lr.rcol, nd.tspec); |
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multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
243 |
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transtest *= bright(lr.rcol); |
244 |
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transdist = r->rot + lr.rt; |
245 |
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} |
246 |
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} else |
247 |
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transtest = 0; |
248 |
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|
249 |
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if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* the rest is shadow */ |
250 |
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r->rt = transdist; |
251 |
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return(1); |
252 |
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} |
253 |
< |
if (r->crtype & SHADOW) /* the rest is shadow */ |
254 |
< |
return; |
253 |
> |
/* get specular reflection */ |
254 |
> |
if (nd.rspec > FTINY) { |
255 |
> |
nd.specfl |= SP_REFL; |
256 |
> |
/* compute specular color */ |
257 |
> |
if (m->otype == MAT_METAL) |
258 |
> |
copycolor(nd.scolor, nd.mcolor); |
259 |
> |
else |
260 |
> |
setcolor(nd.scolor, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); |
261 |
> |
scalecolor(nd.scolor, nd.rspec); |
262 |
> |
/* check threshold */ |
263 |
> |
if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE) && specthresh >= nd.rspec-FTINY) |
264 |
> |
nd.specfl |= SP_RBLT; |
265 |
> |
/* compute reflected ray */ |
266 |
> |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
267 |
> |
nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.*nd.pdot*nd.pnorm[i]; |
268 |
> |
/* penetration? */ |
269 |
> |
if (hastexture && DOT(nd.vrefl, r->ron) <= FTINY) |
270 |
> |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* safety measure */ |
271 |
> |
nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.*r->rod*r->ron[i]; |
272 |
> |
} |
273 |
> |
/* reflected ray */ |
274 |
> |
if ((nd.specfl&(SP_REFL|SP_PURE|SP_RBLT)) == (SP_REFL|SP_PURE)) { |
275 |
> |
RAY lr; |
276 |
> |
if (rayorigin(&lr, r, REFLECTED, nd.rspec) == 0) { |
277 |
> |
VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.vrefl); |
278 |
> |
rayvalue(&lr); |
279 |
> |
multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.scolor); |
280 |
> |
addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol); |
281 |
> |
if (!hastexture && nd.specfl & SP_FLAT) { |
282 |
> |
mirtest = 2.*bright(lr.rcol); |
283 |
> |
mirdist = r->rot + lr.rt; |
284 |
> |
} |
285 |
> |
} |
286 |
> |
} |
287 |
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/* diffuse reflection */ |
288 |
|
nd.rdiff = 1.0 - nd.trans - nd.rspec; |
289 |
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|
290 |
< |
if (nd.rdiff <= FTINY && nd.tdiff <= FTINY && nd.alpha2 <= FTINY) |
291 |
< |
return; /* purely specular */ |
290 |
> |
if (nd.specfl & SP_PURE && nd.rdiff <= FTINY && nd.tdiff <= FTINY) |
291 |
> |
return(1); /* 100% pure specular */ |
292 |
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|
293 |
+ |
if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE)) |
294 |
+ |
gaussamp(r, &nd); /* checks *BLT flags */ |
295 |
+ |
|
296 |
|
if (nd.rdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from this side */ |
297 |
< |
ambient(ctmp, r); |
298 |
< |
if (nd.alpha2 <= FTINY) |
227 |
< |
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff); |
228 |
< |
else |
297 |
> |
ambient(ctmp, r, hastexture?nd.pnorm:r->ron); |
298 |
> |
if (nd.specfl & SP_RBLT) |
299 |
|
scalecolor(ctmp, 1.0-nd.trans); |
300 |
+ |
else |
301 |
+ |
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff); |
302 |
|
multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by material color */ |
303 |
|
addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); /* add to returned color */ |
304 |
|
} |
305 |
|
if (nd.tdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from other side */ |
306 |
|
flipsurface(r); |
307 |
< |
ambient(ctmp, r); |
308 |
< |
if (nd.alpha2 <= FTINY) |
309 |
< |
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff); |
310 |
< |
else |
307 |
> |
if (hastexture) { |
308 |
> |
FVECT bnorm; |
309 |
> |
bnorm[0] = -nd.pnorm[0]; |
310 |
> |
bnorm[1] = -nd.pnorm[1]; |
311 |
> |
bnorm[2] = -nd.pnorm[2]; |
312 |
> |
ambient(ctmp, r, bnorm); |
313 |
> |
} else |
314 |
> |
ambient(ctmp, r, r->ron); |
315 |
> |
if (nd.specfl & SP_TBLT) |
316 |
|
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.trans); |
317 |
< |
multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); |
317 |
> |
else |
318 |
> |
scalecolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff); |
319 |
> |
multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
320 |
|
addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); |
321 |
|
flipsurface(r); |
322 |
|
} |
323 |
|
/* add direct component */ |
324 |
|
direct(r, dirnorm, &nd); |
325 |
|
/* check distance */ |
326 |
< |
if (transtest > bright(r->rcol)) |
326 |
> |
d = bright(r->rcol); |
327 |
> |
if (transtest > d) |
328 |
|
r->rt = transdist; |
329 |
+ |
else if (mirtest > d) |
330 |
+ |
r->rt = mirdist; |
331 |
+ |
|
332 |
+ |
return(1); |
333 |
+ |
} |
334 |
+ |
|
335 |
+ |
|
336 |
+ |
static |
337 |
+ |
gaussamp(r, np) /* sample gaussian specular */ |
338 |
+ |
RAY *r; |
339 |
+ |
register NORMDAT *np; |
340 |
+ |
{ |
341 |
+ |
RAY sr; |
342 |
+ |
FVECT u, v, h; |
343 |
+ |
double rv[2]; |
344 |
+ |
double d, sinp, cosp; |
345 |
+ |
int niter; |
346 |
+ |
register int i; |
347 |
+ |
/* quick test */ |
348 |
+ |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) != SP_REFL && |
349 |
+ |
(np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) != SP_TRAN) |
350 |
+ |
return; |
351 |
+ |
/* set up sample coordinates */ |
352 |
+ |
v[0] = v[1] = v[2] = 0.0; |
353 |
+ |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
354 |
+ |
if (np->pnorm[i] < 0.6 && np->pnorm[i] > -0.6) |
355 |
+ |
break; |
356 |
+ |
v[i] = 1.0; |
357 |
+ |
fcross(u, v, np->pnorm); |
358 |
+ |
normalize(u); |
359 |
+ |
fcross(v, np->pnorm, u); |
360 |
+ |
/* compute reflection */ |
361 |
+ |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) == SP_REFL && |
362 |
+ |
rayorigin(&sr, r, SPECULAR, np->rspec) == 0) { |
363 |
+ |
dimlist[ndims++] = (int)np->mp; |
364 |
+ |
for (niter = 0; niter < MAXITER; niter++) { |
365 |
+ |
if (niter) |
366 |
+ |
d = frandom(); |
367 |
+ |
else |
368 |
+ |
d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+samplendx); |
369 |
+ |
multisamp(rv, 2, d); |
370 |
+ |
d = 2.0*PI * rv[0]; |
371 |
+ |
cosp = tcos(d); |
372 |
+ |
sinp = tsin(d); |
373 |
+ |
rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1]; |
374 |
+ |
if (rv[1] <= FTINY) |
375 |
+ |
d = 1.0; |
376 |
+ |
else |
377 |
+ |
d = sqrt( np->alpha2 * -log(rv[1]) ); |
378 |
+ |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
379 |
+ |
h[i] = np->pnorm[i] + d*(cosp*u[i] + sinp*v[i]); |
380 |
+ |
d = -2.0 * DOT(h, r->rdir) / (1.0 + d*d); |
381 |
+ |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
382 |
+ |
sr.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + d*h[i]; |
383 |
+ |
if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) > FTINY) { |
384 |
+ |
rayvalue(&sr); |
385 |
+ |
multcolor(sr.rcol, np->scolor); |
386 |
+ |
addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol); |
387 |
+ |
break; |
388 |
+ |
} |
389 |
+ |
} |
390 |
+ |
ndims--; |
391 |
+ |
} |
392 |
+ |
/* compute transmission */ |
393 |
+ |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) == SP_TRAN && |
394 |
+ |
rayorigin(&sr, r, SPECULAR, np->tspec) == 0) { |
395 |
+ |
dimlist[ndims++] = (int)np->mp; |
396 |
+ |
for (niter = 0; niter < MAXITER; niter++) { |
397 |
+ |
if (niter) |
398 |
+ |
d = frandom(); |
399 |
+ |
else |
400 |
+ |
d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+1823+samplendx); |
401 |
+ |
multisamp(rv, 2, d); |
402 |
+ |
d = 2.0*PI * rv[0]; |
403 |
+ |
cosp = tcos(d); |
404 |
+ |
sinp = tsin(d); |
405 |
+ |
rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1]; |
406 |
+ |
if (rv[1] <= FTINY) |
407 |
+ |
d = 1.0; |
408 |
+ |
else |
409 |
+ |
d = sqrt( np->alpha2 * -log(rv[1]) ); |
410 |
+ |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
411 |
+ |
sr.rdir[i] = np->prdir[i] + d*(cosp*u[i] + sinp*v[i]); |
412 |
+ |
if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) < -FTINY) { |
413 |
+ |
normalize(sr.rdir); /* OK, normalize */ |
414 |
+ |
rayvalue(&sr); |
415 |
+ |
scalecolor(sr.rcol, np->tspec); |
416 |
+ |
multcolor(sr.rcol, np->mcolor); /* modified */ |
417 |
+ |
addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol); |
418 |
+ |
break; |
419 |
+ |
} |
420 |
+ |
} |
421 |
+ |
ndims--; |
422 |
+ |
} |
423 |
|
} |