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greg |
2.2 |
/* Copyright (c) 1992 Regents of the University of California */ |
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greg |
1.1 |
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#ifndef lint |
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static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL"; |
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#endif |
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/* |
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* normal.c - shading function for normal materials. |
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* |
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* 8/19/85 |
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* 12/19/85 - added stuff for metals. |
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* 6/26/87 - improved specular model. |
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* 9/28/87 - added model for translucent materials. |
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greg |
2.2 |
* Later changes described in delta comments. |
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greg |
1.1 |
*/ |
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#include "ray.h" |
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#include "otypes.h" |
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greg |
2.2 |
#include "random.h" |
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greg |
2.5 |
extern double specthresh; /* specular sampling threshold */ |
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extern double specjitter; /* specular sampling jitter */ |
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greg |
2.28 |
extern int backvis; /* back faces visible? */ |
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greg |
2.24 |
static gaussamp(); |
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greg |
1.1 |
/* |
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greg |
2.22 |
* This routine implements the isotropic Gaussian |
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* model described by Ward in Siggraph `92 article. |
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greg |
1.1 |
* We orient the surface towards the incoming ray, so a single |
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* surface can be used to represent an infinitely thin object. |
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* |
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* Arguments for MAT_PLASTIC and MAT_METAL are: |
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* red grn blu specular-frac. facet-slope |
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* |
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* Arguments for MAT_TRANS are: |
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* red grn blu rspec rough trans tspec |
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*/ |
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greg |
2.2 |
/* specularity flags */ |
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#define SP_REFL 01 /* has reflected specular component */ |
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#define SP_TRAN 02 /* has transmitted specular */ |
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greg |
2.11 |
#define SP_PURE 04 /* purely specular (zero roughness) */ |
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#define SP_FLAT 010 /* flat reflecting surface */ |
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#define SP_RBLT 020 /* reflection below sample threshold */ |
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#define SP_TBLT 040 /* transmission below threshold */ |
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greg |
1.1 |
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51 |
greg |
1.3 |
typedef struct { |
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OBJREC *mp; /* material pointer */ |
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greg |
2.16 |
RAY *rp; /* ray pointer */ |
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greg |
2.2 |
short specfl; /* specularity flags, defined above */ |
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greg |
1.1 |
COLOR mcolor; /* color of this material */ |
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COLOR scolor; /* color of specular component */ |
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FVECT vrefl; /* vector in direction of reflected ray */ |
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greg |
1.14 |
FVECT prdir; /* vector in transmitted direction */ |
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greg |
2.2 |
double alpha2; /* roughness squared */ |
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greg |
1.1 |
double rdiff, rspec; /* reflected specular, diffuse */ |
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double trans; /* transmissivity */ |
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double tdiff, tspec; /* transmitted specular, diffuse */ |
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FVECT pnorm; /* perturbed surface normal */ |
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double pdot; /* perturbed dot product */ |
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greg |
1.3 |
} NORMDAT; /* normal material data */ |
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dirnorm(cval, np, ldir, omega) /* compute source contribution */ |
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COLOR cval; /* returned coefficient */ |
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register NORMDAT *np; /* material data */ |
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FVECT ldir; /* light source direction */ |
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double omega; /* light source size */ |
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{ |
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greg |
1.1 |
double ldot; |
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greg |
2.16 |
double dtmp, d2; |
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FVECT vtmp; |
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greg |
1.3 |
COLOR ctmp; |
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setcolor(cval, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); |
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ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir); |
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if (ldot < 0.0 ? np->trans <= FTINY : np->trans >= 1.0-FTINY) |
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return; /* wrong side */ |
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if (ldot > FTINY && np->rdiff > FTINY) { |
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/* |
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greg |
1.4 |
* Compute and add diffuse reflected component to returned |
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* color. The diffuse reflected component will always be |
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* modified by the color of the material. |
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greg |
1.3 |
*/ |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor); |
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dtmp = ldot * omega * np->rdiff / PI; |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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greg |
2.2 |
if (ldot > FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_REFL|SP_PURE)) == SP_REFL) { |
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greg |
1.3 |
/* |
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* Compute specular reflection coefficient using |
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* gaussian distribution model. |
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*/ |
102 |
greg |
2.3 |
/* roughness */ |
103 |
greg |
2.16 |
dtmp = np->alpha2; |
104 |
greg |
2.3 |
/* + source if flat */ |
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if (np->specfl & SP_FLAT) |
106 |
greg |
2.16 |
dtmp += omega/(4.0*PI); |
107 |
greg |
2.23 |
/* half vector */ |
108 |
greg |
2.18 |
vtmp[0] = ldir[0] - np->rp->rdir[0]; |
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vtmp[1] = ldir[1] - np->rp->rdir[1]; |
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vtmp[2] = ldir[2] - np->rp->rdir[2]; |
111 |
greg |
2.16 |
d2 = DOT(vtmp, np->pnorm); |
112 |
greg |
2.23 |
d2 *= d2; |
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d2 = (DOT(vtmp,vtmp) - d2) / d2; |
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greg |
1.3 |
/* gaussian */ |
115 |
greg |
2.16 |
dtmp = exp(-d2/dtmp)/(4.*PI*dtmp); |
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greg |
1.3 |
/* worth using? */ |
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if (dtmp > FTINY) { |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->scolor); |
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greg |
2.14 |
dtmp *= omega * sqrt(ldot/np->pdot); |
120 |
greg |
1.3 |
scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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} |
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if (ldot < -FTINY && np->tdiff > FTINY) { |
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/* |
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* Compute diffuse transmission. |
127 |
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*/ |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor); |
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dtmp = -ldot * omega * np->tdiff / PI; |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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greg |
2.2 |
if (ldot < -FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) == SP_TRAN) { |
134 |
greg |
1.3 |
/* |
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greg |
1.4 |
* Compute specular transmission. Specular transmission |
136 |
greg |
1.13 |
* is always modified by material color. |
137 |
greg |
1.3 |
*/ |
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/* roughness + source */ |
139 |
greg |
2.19 |
dtmp = np->alpha2 + omega/PI; |
140 |
greg |
1.3 |
/* gaussian */ |
141 |
greg |
2.21 |
dtmp = exp((2.*DOT(np->prdir,ldir)-2.)/dtmp)/(PI*dtmp); |
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greg |
1.3 |
/* worth using? */ |
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if (dtmp > FTINY) { |
144 |
greg |
1.13 |
copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor); |
145 |
greg |
2.18 |
dtmp *= np->tspec * omega * sqrt(-ldot/np->pdot); |
146 |
greg |
1.13 |
scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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greg |
1.3 |
addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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} |
150 |
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} |
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152 |
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153 |
greg |
2.2 |
m_normal(m, r) /* color a ray that hit something normal */ |
154 |
greg |
1.3 |
register OBJREC *m; |
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register RAY *r; |
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{ |
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NORMDAT nd; |
158 |
greg |
1.9 |
double transtest, transdist; |
159 |
greg |
2.29 |
double mirtest, mirdist; |
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int hastexture; |
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double d; |
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greg |
1.1 |
COLOR ctmp; |
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register int i; |
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/* easy shadow test */ |
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if (r->crtype & SHADOW && m->otype != MAT_TRANS) |
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greg |
2.27 |
return(1); |
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greg |
2.2 |
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if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype == MAT_TRANS ? 7 : 5)) |
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objerror(m, USER, "bad number of arguments"); |
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greg |
2.29 |
/* check for back side */ |
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if (r->rod < 0.0) { |
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if (!backvis && m->otype != MAT_TRANS) { |
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raytrans(r); |
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return(1); |
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} |
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flipsurface(r); /* reorient if backvis */ |
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} |
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greg |
1.3 |
nd.mp = m; |
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greg |
2.16 |
nd.rp = r; |
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greg |
1.1 |
/* get material color */ |
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greg |
1.3 |
setcolor(nd.mcolor, m->oargs.farg[0], |
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greg |
1.1 |
m->oargs.farg[1], |
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m->oargs.farg[2]); |
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/* get roughness */ |
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greg |
2.2 |
nd.specfl = 0; |
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greg |
1.3 |
nd.alpha2 = m->oargs.farg[4]; |
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greg |
2.2 |
if ((nd.alpha2 *= nd.alpha2) <= FTINY) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_PURE; |
189 |
greg |
2.29 |
if (r->ro != NULL && isflat(r->ro->otype)) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_FLAT; |
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greg |
1.1 |
/* get modifiers */ |
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raytexture(r, m->omod); |
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greg |
2.29 |
if (hastexture = DOT(r->pert,r->pert) > FTINY*FTINY) |
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nd.pdot = raynormal(nd.pnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
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else { |
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VCOPY(nd.pnorm, r->ron); |
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nd.pdot = r->rod; |
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} |
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greg |
1.13 |
if (nd.pdot < .001) |
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nd.pdot = .001; /* non-zero for dirnorm() */ |
201 |
greg |
1.3 |
multcolor(nd.mcolor, r->pcol); /* modify material color */ |
202 |
greg |
2.29 |
mirtest = transtest = 0; |
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mirdist = transdist = r->rot; |
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greg |
1.1 |
/* get specular component */ |
205 |
greg |
2.2 |
if ((nd.rspec = m->oargs.farg[3]) > FTINY) { |
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nd.specfl |= SP_REFL; |
207 |
greg |
1.1 |
/* compute specular color */ |
208 |
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if (m->otype == MAT_METAL) |
209 |
greg |
1.3 |
copycolor(nd.scolor, nd.mcolor); |
210 |
greg |
1.1 |
else |
211 |
greg |
1.3 |
setcolor(nd.scolor, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); |
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scalecolor(nd.scolor, nd.rspec); |
213 |
greg |
2.15 |
/* check threshold */ |
214 |
greg |
2.25 |
if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE) && specthresh >= nd.rspec-FTINY) |
215 |
greg |
2.5 |
nd.specfl |= SP_RBLT; |
216 |
greg |
1.1 |
/* compute reflected ray */ |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
218 |
greg |
2.29 |
nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.*nd.pdot*nd.pnorm[i]; |
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/* penetration? */ |
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if (hastexture && DOT(nd.vrefl, r->ron) <= FTINY) |
221 |
greg |
2.7 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* safety measure */ |
222 |
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nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.*r->rod*r->ron[i]; |
223 |
greg |
1.1 |
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greg |
2.2 |
if (!(r->crtype & SHADOW) && nd.specfl & SP_PURE) { |
225 |
greg |
1.3 |
RAY lr; |
226 |
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if (rayorigin(&lr, r, REFLECTED, nd.rspec) == 0) { |
227 |
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VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.vrefl); |
228 |
greg |
1.1 |
rayvalue(&lr); |
229 |
greg |
1.3 |
multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.scolor); |
230 |
greg |
1.1 |
addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol); |
231 |
greg |
2.29 |
if (!hastexture && nd.specfl & SP_FLAT) { |
232 |
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mirtest = 2.*bright(lr.rcol); |
233 |
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mirdist = r->rot + lr.rt; |
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} |
235 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
236 |
greg |
1.3 |
} |
237 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
238 |
greg |
1.3 |
/* compute transmission */ |
239 |
greg |
1.1 |
if (m->otype == MAT_TRANS) { |
240 |
greg |
1.3 |
nd.trans = m->oargs.farg[5]*(1.0 - nd.rspec); |
241 |
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nd.tspec = nd.trans * m->oargs.farg[6]; |
242 |
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nd.tdiff = nd.trans - nd.tspec; |
243 |
greg |
2.2 |
if (nd.tspec > FTINY) { |
244 |
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nd.specfl |= SP_TRAN; |
245 |
greg |
2.5 |
/* check threshold */ |
246 |
greg |
2.25 |
if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE) && |
247 |
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specthresh >= nd.tspec-FTINY) |
248 |
greg |
2.5 |
nd.specfl |= SP_TBLT; |
249 |
greg |
2.29 |
if (!hastexture || r->crtype & SHADOW) { |
250 |
greg |
2.2 |
VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir); |
251 |
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transtest = 2; |
252 |
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} else { |
253 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* perturb */ |
254 |
greg |
2.19 |
nd.prdir[i] = r->rdir[i] - r->pert[i]; |
255 |
greg |
2.7 |
if (DOT(nd.prdir, r->ron) < -FTINY) |
256 |
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normalize(nd.prdir); /* OK */ |
257 |
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else |
258 |
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VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir); |
259 |
greg |
2.2 |
} |
260 |
greg |
1.14 |
} |
261 |
greg |
1.1 |
} else |
262 |
greg |
1.3 |
nd.tdiff = nd.tspec = nd.trans = 0.0; |
263 |
greg |
1.1 |
/* transmitted ray */ |
264 |
greg |
2.2 |
if ((nd.specfl&(SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) == (SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) { |
265 |
greg |
1.3 |
RAY lr; |
266 |
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if (rayorigin(&lr, r, TRANS, nd.tspec) == 0) { |
267 |
greg |
1.14 |
VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.prdir); |
268 |
greg |
1.1 |
rayvalue(&lr); |
269 |
greg |
1.3 |
scalecolor(lr.rcol, nd.tspec); |
270 |
greg |
1.8 |
multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
271 |
greg |
1.1 |
addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol); |
272 |
greg |
1.9 |
transtest *= bright(lr.rcol); |
273 |
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transdist = r->rot + lr.rt; |
274 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
275 |
greg |
2.11 |
} else |
276 |
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transtest = 0; |
277 |
greg |
2.2 |
|
278 |
greg |
2.29 |
if (r->crtype & SHADOW) { /* the rest is shadow */ |
279 |
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r->rt = transdist; |
280 |
greg |
2.27 |
return(1); |
281 |
greg |
2.29 |
} |
282 |
greg |
1.1 |
/* diffuse reflection */ |
283 |
greg |
1.3 |
nd.rdiff = 1.0 - nd.trans - nd.rspec; |
284 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
285 |
greg |
2.2 |
if (nd.specfl & SP_PURE && nd.rdiff <= FTINY && nd.tdiff <= FTINY) |
286 |
greg |
2.27 |
return(1); /* 100% pure specular */ |
287 |
greg |
2.3 |
|
288 |
greg |
2.2 |
if (nd.specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_TRAN) && !(nd.specfl & SP_PURE)) |
289 |
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gaussamp(r, &nd); |
290 |
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291 |
greg |
1.3 |
if (nd.rdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from this side */ |
292 |
greg |
1.2 |
ambient(ctmp, r); |
293 |
greg |
2.5 |
if (nd.specfl & SP_RBLT) |
294 |
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scalecolor(ctmp, 1.0-nd.trans); |
295 |
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else |
296 |
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scalecolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff); |
297 |
greg |
1.3 |
multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by material color */ |
298 |
greg |
1.2 |
addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); /* add to returned color */ |
299 |
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} |
300 |
greg |
1.3 |
if (nd.tdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from other side */ |
301 |
greg |
1.1 |
flipsurface(r); |
302 |
greg |
1.2 |
ambient(ctmp, r); |
303 |
greg |
2.5 |
if (nd.specfl & SP_TBLT) |
304 |
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scalecolor(ctmp, nd.trans); |
305 |
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else |
306 |
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scalecolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff); |
307 |
greg |
1.13 |
multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
308 |
greg |
1.1 |
addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); |
309 |
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flipsurface(r); |
310 |
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} |
311 |
greg |
1.3 |
/* add direct component */ |
312 |
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direct(r, dirnorm, &nd); |
313 |
greg |
1.9 |
/* check distance */ |
314 |
greg |
2.29 |
d = bright(r->rcol); |
315 |
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if (transtest > d) |
316 |
greg |
1.9 |
r->rt = transdist; |
317 |
greg |
2.29 |
else if (mirtest > d) |
318 |
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r->rt = mirdist; |
319 |
greg |
2.27 |
|
320 |
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return(1); |
321 |
greg |
2.2 |
} |
322 |
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323 |
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324 |
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static |
325 |
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gaussamp(r, np) /* sample gaussian specular */ |
326 |
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RAY *r; |
327 |
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register NORMDAT *np; |
328 |
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{ |
329 |
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RAY sr; |
330 |
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FVECT u, v, h; |
331 |
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double rv[2]; |
332 |
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double d, sinp, cosp; |
333 |
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register int i; |
334 |
greg |
2.13 |
/* quick test */ |
335 |
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if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) != SP_REFL && |
336 |
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(np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) != SP_TRAN) |
337 |
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return; |
338 |
greg |
2.2 |
/* set up sample coordinates */ |
339 |
|
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v[0] = v[1] = v[2] = 0.0; |
340 |
|
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
341 |
|
|
if (np->pnorm[i] < 0.6 && np->pnorm[i] > -0.6) |
342 |
|
|
break; |
343 |
|
|
v[i] = 1.0; |
344 |
|
|
fcross(u, v, np->pnorm); |
345 |
|
|
normalize(u); |
346 |
|
|
fcross(v, np->pnorm, u); |
347 |
|
|
/* compute reflection */ |
348 |
greg |
2.5 |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) == SP_REFL && |
349 |
greg |
2.2 |
rayorigin(&sr, r, SPECULAR, np->rspec) == 0) { |
350 |
|
|
dimlist[ndims++] = (int)np->mp; |
351 |
greg |
2.7 |
d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+samplendx); |
352 |
|
|
multisamp(rv, 2, d); |
353 |
|
|
d = 2.0*PI * rv[0]; |
354 |
|
|
cosp = cos(d); |
355 |
|
|
sinp = sin(d); |
356 |
|
|
rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1]; |
357 |
|
|
if (rv[1] <= FTINY) |
358 |
|
|
d = 1.0; |
359 |
|
|
else |
360 |
|
|
d = sqrt( np->alpha2 * -log(rv[1]) ); |
361 |
|
|
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
362 |
|
|
h[i] = np->pnorm[i] + d*(cosp*u[i] + sinp*v[i]); |
363 |
|
|
d = -2.0 * DOT(h, r->rdir) / (1.0 + d*d); |
364 |
|
|
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
365 |
|
|
sr.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + d*h[i]; |
366 |
|
|
if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) <= FTINY) |
367 |
|
|
VCOPY(sr.rdir, np->vrefl); /* jitter no good */ |
368 |
|
|
rayvalue(&sr); |
369 |
|
|
multcolor(sr.rcol, np->scolor); |
370 |
|
|
addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol); |
371 |
greg |
2.2 |
ndims--; |
372 |
|
|
} |
373 |
|
|
/* compute transmission */ |
374 |
greg |
2.8 |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) == SP_TRAN && |
375 |
|
|
rayorigin(&sr, r, SPECULAR, np->tspec) == 0) { |
376 |
|
|
dimlist[ndims++] = (int)np->mp; |
377 |
|
|
d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+1823+samplendx); |
378 |
|
|
multisamp(rv, 2, d); |
379 |
|
|
d = 2.0*PI * rv[0]; |
380 |
|
|
cosp = cos(d); |
381 |
|
|
sinp = sin(d); |
382 |
|
|
rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1]; |
383 |
|
|
if (rv[1] <= FTINY) |
384 |
|
|
d = 1.0; |
385 |
|
|
else |
386 |
greg |
2.20 |
d = sqrt( -log(rv[1]) * np->alpha2 ); |
387 |
greg |
2.8 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
388 |
|
|
sr.rdir[i] = np->prdir[i] + d*(cosp*u[i] + sinp*v[i]); |
389 |
|
|
if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) < -FTINY) |
390 |
|
|
normalize(sr.rdir); /* OK, normalize */ |
391 |
|
|
else |
392 |
|
|
VCOPY(sr.rdir, np->prdir); /* else no jitter */ |
393 |
|
|
rayvalue(&sr); |
394 |
greg |
2.11 |
scalecolor(sr.rcol, np->tspec); |
395 |
|
|
multcolor(sr.rcol, np->mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
396 |
greg |
2.8 |
addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol); |
397 |
|
|
ndims--; |
398 |
|
|
} |
399 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |