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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/normal.c
Revision: 2.23
Committed: Fri Feb 12 10:41:02 1993 UTC (31 years, 2 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.22: +3 -2 lines
Log Message:
improved specular component calculation

File Contents

# User Rev Content
1 greg 2.2 /* Copyright (c) 1992 Regents of the University of California */
2 greg 1.1
3     #ifndef lint
4     static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL";
5     #endif
6    
7     /*
8     * normal.c - shading function for normal materials.
9     *
10     * 8/19/85
11     * 12/19/85 - added stuff for metals.
12     * 6/26/87 - improved specular model.
13     * 9/28/87 - added model for translucent materials.
14 greg 2.2 * Later changes described in delta comments.
15 greg 1.1 */
16    
17     #include "ray.h"
18    
19     #include "otypes.h"
20    
21 greg 2.2 #include "random.h"
22    
23 greg 2.5 extern double specthresh; /* specular sampling threshold */
24     extern double specjitter; /* specular sampling jitter */
25    
26 greg 1.1 /*
27 greg 2.22 * This routine implements the isotropic Gaussian
28     * model described by Ward in Siggraph `92 article.
29 greg 1.1 * We orient the surface towards the incoming ray, so a single
30     * surface can be used to represent an infinitely thin object.
31     *
32     * Arguments for MAT_PLASTIC and MAT_METAL are:
33     * red grn blu specular-frac. facet-slope
34     *
35     * Arguments for MAT_TRANS are:
36     * red grn blu rspec rough trans tspec
37     */
38    
39     #define BSPEC(m) (6.0) /* specularity parameter b */
40    
41 greg 2.2 /* specularity flags */
42     #define SP_REFL 01 /* has reflected specular component */
43     #define SP_TRAN 02 /* has transmitted specular */
44 greg 2.11 #define SP_PURE 04 /* purely specular (zero roughness) */
45     #define SP_FLAT 010 /* flat reflecting surface */
46     #define SP_RBLT 020 /* reflection below sample threshold */
47     #define SP_TBLT 040 /* transmission below threshold */
48 greg 1.1
49 greg 1.3 typedef struct {
50     OBJREC *mp; /* material pointer */
51 greg 2.16 RAY *rp; /* ray pointer */
52 greg 2.2 short specfl; /* specularity flags, defined above */
53 greg 1.1 COLOR mcolor; /* color of this material */
54     COLOR scolor; /* color of specular component */
55     FVECT vrefl; /* vector in direction of reflected ray */
56 greg 1.14 FVECT prdir; /* vector in transmitted direction */
57 greg 2.2 double alpha2; /* roughness squared */
58 greg 1.1 double rdiff, rspec; /* reflected specular, diffuse */
59     double trans; /* transmissivity */
60     double tdiff, tspec; /* transmitted specular, diffuse */
61     FVECT pnorm; /* perturbed surface normal */
62     double pdot; /* perturbed dot product */
63 greg 1.3 } NORMDAT; /* normal material data */
64    
65    
66     dirnorm(cval, np, ldir, omega) /* compute source contribution */
67     COLOR cval; /* returned coefficient */
68     register NORMDAT *np; /* material data */
69     FVECT ldir; /* light source direction */
70     double omega; /* light source size */
71     {
72 greg 1.1 double ldot;
73 greg 2.16 double dtmp, d2;
74     FVECT vtmp;
75 greg 1.3 COLOR ctmp;
76    
77     setcolor(cval, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
78    
79     ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir);
80    
81     if (ldot < 0.0 ? np->trans <= FTINY : np->trans >= 1.0-FTINY)
82     return; /* wrong side */
83    
84     if (ldot > FTINY && np->rdiff > FTINY) {
85     /*
86 greg 1.4 * Compute and add diffuse reflected component to returned
87     * color. The diffuse reflected component will always be
88     * modified by the color of the material.
89 greg 1.3 */
90     copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor);
91     dtmp = ldot * omega * np->rdiff / PI;
92     scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
93     addcolor(cval, ctmp);
94     }
95 greg 2.2 if (ldot > FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_REFL|SP_PURE)) == SP_REFL) {
96 greg 1.3 /*
97     * Compute specular reflection coefficient using
98     * gaussian distribution model.
99     */
100 greg 2.3 /* roughness */
101 greg 2.16 dtmp = np->alpha2;
102 greg 2.3 /* + source if flat */
103     if (np->specfl & SP_FLAT)
104 greg 2.16 dtmp += omega/(4.0*PI);
105 greg 2.23 /* half vector */
106 greg 2.18 vtmp[0] = ldir[0] - np->rp->rdir[0];
107     vtmp[1] = ldir[1] - np->rp->rdir[1];
108     vtmp[2] = ldir[2] - np->rp->rdir[2];
109 greg 2.16 d2 = DOT(vtmp, np->pnorm);
110 greg 2.23 d2 *= d2;
111     d2 = (DOT(vtmp,vtmp) - d2) / d2;
112 greg 1.3 /* gaussian */
113 greg 2.16 dtmp = exp(-d2/dtmp)/(4.*PI*dtmp);
114 greg 1.3 /* worth using? */
115     if (dtmp > FTINY) {
116     copycolor(ctmp, np->scolor);
117 greg 2.14 dtmp *= omega * sqrt(ldot/np->pdot);
118 greg 1.3 scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
119     addcolor(cval, ctmp);
120     }
121     }
122     if (ldot < -FTINY && np->tdiff > FTINY) {
123     /*
124     * Compute diffuse transmission.
125     */
126     copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor);
127     dtmp = -ldot * omega * np->tdiff / PI;
128     scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
129     addcolor(cval, ctmp);
130     }
131 greg 2.2 if (ldot < -FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) == SP_TRAN) {
132 greg 1.3 /*
133 greg 1.4 * Compute specular transmission. Specular transmission
134 greg 1.13 * is always modified by material color.
135 greg 1.3 */
136     /* roughness + source */
137 greg 2.19 dtmp = np->alpha2 + omega/PI;
138 greg 1.3 /* gaussian */
139 greg 2.21 dtmp = exp((2.*DOT(np->prdir,ldir)-2.)/dtmp)/(PI*dtmp);
140 greg 1.3 /* worth using? */
141     if (dtmp > FTINY) {
142 greg 1.13 copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor);
143 greg 2.18 dtmp *= np->tspec * omega * sqrt(-ldot/np->pdot);
144 greg 1.13 scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
145 greg 1.3 addcolor(cval, ctmp);
146     }
147     }
148     }
149    
150    
151 greg 2.2 m_normal(m, r) /* color a ray that hit something normal */
152 greg 1.3 register OBJREC *m;
153     register RAY *r;
154     {
155     NORMDAT nd;
156 greg 1.9 double transtest, transdist;
157 greg 1.1 double dtmp;
158     COLOR ctmp;
159     register int i;
160     /* easy shadow test */
161     if (r->crtype & SHADOW && m->otype != MAT_TRANS)
162     return;
163 greg 2.2
164     if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype == MAT_TRANS ? 7 : 5))
165     objerror(m, USER, "bad number of arguments");
166 greg 1.3 nd.mp = m;
167 greg 2.16 nd.rp = r;
168 greg 1.1 /* get material color */
169 greg 1.3 setcolor(nd.mcolor, m->oargs.farg[0],
170 greg 1.1 m->oargs.farg[1],
171     m->oargs.farg[2]);
172     /* get roughness */
173 greg 2.2 nd.specfl = 0;
174 greg 1.3 nd.alpha2 = m->oargs.farg[4];
175 greg 2.2 if ((nd.alpha2 *= nd.alpha2) <= FTINY)
176     nd.specfl |= SP_PURE;
177 greg 1.1 /* reorient if necessary */
178     if (r->rod < 0.0)
179     flipsurface(r);
180     /* get modifiers */
181     raytexture(r, m->omod);
182 greg 1.3 nd.pdot = raynormal(nd.pnorm, r); /* perturb normal */
183 greg 1.13 if (nd.pdot < .001)
184     nd.pdot = .001; /* non-zero for dirnorm() */
185 greg 1.3 multcolor(nd.mcolor, r->pcol); /* modify material color */
186 greg 1.9 transtest = 0;
187 greg 1.1 /* get specular component */
188 greg 2.2 if ((nd.rspec = m->oargs.farg[3]) > FTINY) {
189     nd.specfl |= SP_REFL;
190 greg 1.1 /* compute specular color */
191     if (m->otype == MAT_METAL)
192 greg 1.3 copycolor(nd.scolor, nd.mcolor);
193 greg 1.1 else
194 greg 1.3 setcolor(nd.scolor, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
195     scalecolor(nd.scolor, nd.rspec);
196 greg 2.15 /* improved model */
197     dtmp = exp(-BSPEC(m)*nd.pdot);
198     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
199     colval(nd.scolor,i) += (1.0-colval(nd.scolor,i))*dtmp;
200     nd.rspec += (1.0-nd.rspec)*dtmp;
201     /* check threshold */
202     if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE) &&
203     specthresh > FTINY &&
204 greg 2.13 (specthresh >= 1.-FTINY ||
205 greg 2.17 specthresh + .05 - .1*frandom() > nd.rspec))
206 greg 2.5 nd.specfl |= SP_RBLT;
207 greg 1.1 /* compute reflected ray */
208     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
209 greg 1.3 nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*nd.pdot*nd.pnorm[i];
210 greg 2.7 if (DOT(nd.vrefl, r->ron) <= FTINY) /* penetration? */
211     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* safety measure */
212     nd.vrefl[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.*r->rod*r->ron[i];
213 greg 1.1
214 greg 2.2 if (!(r->crtype & SHADOW) && nd.specfl & SP_PURE) {
215 greg 1.3 RAY lr;
216     if (rayorigin(&lr, r, REFLECTED, nd.rspec) == 0) {
217     VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.vrefl);
218 greg 1.1 rayvalue(&lr);
219 greg 1.3 multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.scolor);
220 greg 1.1 addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol);
221     }
222 greg 1.3 }
223 greg 1.1 }
224 greg 1.3 /* compute transmission */
225 greg 1.1 if (m->otype == MAT_TRANS) {
226 greg 1.3 nd.trans = m->oargs.farg[5]*(1.0 - nd.rspec);
227     nd.tspec = nd.trans * m->oargs.farg[6];
228     nd.tdiff = nd.trans - nd.tspec;
229 greg 2.2 if (nd.tspec > FTINY) {
230     nd.specfl |= SP_TRAN;
231 greg 2.5 /* check threshold */
232 greg 2.13 if (!(nd.specfl & SP_PURE) && specthresh > FTINY &&
233     (specthresh >= 1.-FTINY ||
234 greg 2.17 specthresh + .05 - .1*frandom() > nd.tspec))
235 greg 2.5 nd.specfl |= SP_TBLT;
236 greg 2.2 if (r->crtype & SHADOW ||
237     DOT(r->pert,r->pert) <= FTINY*FTINY) {
238     VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir);
239     transtest = 2;
240     } else {
241     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* perturb */
242 greg 2.19 nd.prdir[i] = r->rdir[i] - r->pert[i];
243 greg 2.7 if (DOT(nd.prdir, r->ron) < -FTINY)
244     normalize(nd.prdir); /* OK */
245     else
246     VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir);
247 greg 2.2 }
248 greg 1.14 }
249 greg 1.1 } else
250 greg 1.3 nd.tdiff = nd.tspec = nd.trans = 0.0;
251 greg 1.1 /* transmitted ray */
252 greg 2.2 if ((nd.specfl&(SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) == (SP_TRAN|SP_PURE)) {
253 greg 1.3 RAY lr;
254     if (rayorigin(&lr, r, TRANS, nd.tspec) == 0) {
255 greg 1.14 VCOPY(lr.rdir, nd.prdir);
256 greg 1.1 rayvalue(&lr);
257 greg 1.3 scalecolor(lr.rcol, nd.tspec);
258 greg 1.8 multcolor(lr.rcol, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */
259 greg 1.1 addcolor(r->rcol, lr.rcol);
260 greg 1.9 transtest *= bright(lr.rcol);
261     transdist = r->rot + lr.rt;
262 greg 1.1 }
263 greg 2.11 } else
264     transtest = 0;
265 greg 2.2
266 greg 1.1 if (r->crtype & SHADOW) /* the rest is shadow */
267     return;
268     /* diffuse reflection */
269 greg 1.3 nd.rdiff = 1.0 - nd.trans - nd.rspec;
270 greg 1.1
271 greg 2.2 if (nd.specfl & SP_PURE && nd.rdiff <= FTINY && nd.tdiff <= FTINY)
272     return; /* 100% pure specular */
273 greg 2.3
274 greg 2.12 if (r->ro != NULL && (r->ro->otype == OBJ_FACE ||
275     r->ro->otype == OBJ_RING))
276 greg 2.3 nd.specfl |= SP_FLAT;
277 greg 1.1
278 greg 2.2 if (nd.specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_TRAN) && !(nd.specfl & SP_PURE))
279     gaussamp(r, &nd);
280    
281 greg 1.3 if (nd.rdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from this side */
282 greg 1.2 ambient(ctmp, r);
283 greg 2.5 if (nd.specfl & SP_RBLT)
284     scalecolor(ctmp, 1.0-nd.trans);
285     else
286     scalecolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff);
287 greg 1.3 multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by material color */
288 greg 1.2 addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); /* add to returned color */
289     }
290 greg 1.3 if (nd.tdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from other side */
291 greg 1.1 flipsurface(r);
292 greg 1.2 ambient(ctmp, r);
293 greg 2.5 if (nd.specfl & SP_TBLT)
294     scalecolor(ctmp, nd.trans);
295     else
296     scalecolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff);
297 greg 1.13 multcolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */
298 greg 1.1 addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp);
299     flipsurface(r);
300     }
301 greg 1.3 /* add direct component */
302     direct(r, dirnorm, &nd);
303 greg 1.9 /* check distance */
304     if (transtest > bright(r->rcol))
305     r->rt = transdist;
306 greg 2.2 }
307    
308    
309     static
310     gaussamp(r, np) /* sample gaussian specular */
311     RAY *r;
312     register NORMDAT *np;
313     {
314     RAY sr;
315     FVECT u, v, h;
316     double rv[2];
317     double d, sinp, cosp;
318     register int i;
319 greg 2.13 /* quick test */
320     if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) != SP_REFL &&
321     (np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) != SP_TRAN)
322     return;
323 greg 2.2 /* set up sample coordinates */
324     v[0] = v[1] = v[2] = 0.0;
325     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
326     if (np->pnorm[i] < 0.6 && np->pnorm[i] > -0.6)
327     break;
328     v[i] = 1.0;
329     fcross(u, v, np->pnorm);
330     normalize(u);
331     fcross(v, np->pnorm, u);
332     /* compute reflection */
333 greg 2.5 if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) == SP_REFL &&
334 greg 2.2 rayorigin(&sr, r, SPECULAR, np->rspec) == 0) {
335     dimlist[ndims++] = (int)np->mp;
336 greg 2.7 d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+samplendx);
337     multisamp(rv, 2, d);
338     d = 2.0*PI * rv[0];
339     cosp = cos(d);
340     sinp = sin(d);
341     rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1];
342     if (rv[1] <= FTINY)
343     d = 1.0;
344     else
345     d = sqrt( np->alpha2 * -log(rv[1]) );
346     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
347     h[i] = np->pnorm[i] + d*(cosp*u[i] + sinp*v[i]);
348     d = -2.0 * DOT(h, r->rdir) / (1.0 + d*d);
349     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
350     sr.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + d*h[i];
351     if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) <= FTINY)
352     VCOPY(sr.rdir, np->vrefl); /* jitter no good */
353     rayvalue(&sr);
354     multcolor(sr.rcol, np->scolor);
355     addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol);
356 greg 2.2 ndims--;
357     }
358     /* compute transmission */
359 greg 2.8 if ((np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) == SP_TRAN &&
360     rayorigin(&sr, r, SPECULAR, np->tspec) == 0) {
361     dimlist[ndims++] = (int)np->mp;
362     d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+1823+samplendx);
363     multisamp(rv, 2, d);
364     d = 2.0*PI * rv[0];
365     cosp = cos(d);
366     sinp = sin(d);
367     rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1];
368     if (rv[1] <= FTINY)
369     d = 1.0;
370     else
371 greg 2.20 d = sqrt( -log(rv[1]) * np->alpha2 );
372 greg 2.8 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
373     sr.rdir[i] = np->prdir[i] + d*(cosp*u[i] + sinp*v[i]);
374     if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) < -FTINY)
375     normalize(sr.rdir); /* OK, normalize */
376     else
377     VCOPY(sr.rdir, np->prdir); /* else no jitter */
378     rayvalue(&sr);
379 greg 2.11 scalecolor(sr.rcol, np->tspec);
380     multcolor(sr.rcol, np->mcolor); /* modified by color */
381 greg 2.8 addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol);
382     ndims--;
383     }
384 greg 1.1 }