src/rt/m_bsdf.c

#ifndef lint
static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: m_bsdf.c,v 2.22 2012/09/02 15:33:15 greg Exp $";
#endif
/*
 *  Shading for materials with BSDFs taken from XML data files
 */

#include "copyright.h"

#include  "ray.h"
#include  "ambient.h"
#include  "source.h"
#include  "func.h"
#include  "bsdf.h"
#include  "random.h"

/*
 *      Arguments to this material include optional diffuse colors.
 *  String arguments include the BSDF and function files.
 *      A non-zero thickness causes the strange but useful behavior
 *  of translating transmitted rays this distance beneath the surface
 *  (opposite the surface normal) to bypass any intervening geometry.
 *  Translation only affects scattered, non-source-directed samples.
 *  A non-zero thickness has the further side-effect that an unscattered
 *  (view) ray will pass right through our material if it has any
 *  non-diffuse transmission, making the BSDF surface invisible.  This
 *  shows the proxied geometry instead. Thickness has the further
 *  effect of turning off reflection on the hidden side so that rays
 *  heading in the opposite direction pass unimpeded through the BSDF
 *  surface.  A paired surface may be placed on the opposide side of
 *  the detail geometry, less than this thickness away, if a two-way
 *  proxy is desired.  Note that the sign of the thickness is important.
 *  A positive thickness hides geometry behind the BSDF surface and uses
 *  front reflectance and transmission properties.  A negative thickness
 *  hides geometry in front of the surface when rays hit from behind,
 *  and applies only the transmission and backside reflectance properties.
 *  Reflection is ignored on the hidden side, as those rays pass through.
 *      The "up" vector for the BSDF is given by three variables, defined
 *  (along with the thickness) by the named function file, or '.' if none.
 *  Together with the surface normal, this defines the local coordinate
 *  system for the BSDF.
 *      We do not reorient the surface, so if the BSDF has no back-side
 *  reflectance and none is given in the real arguments, a BSDF surface
 *  with zero thickness will appear black when viewed from behind
 *  unless backface visibility is off.
 *      The diffuse arguments are added to components in the BSDF file,
 *  not multiplied.  However, patterns affect this material as a multiplier
 *  on everything except non-diffuse reflection.
 *
 *  Arguments for MAT_BSDF are:
 *      6+      thick   BSDFfile        ux uy uz        funcfile        transform
 *      0
 *      0|3|6|9 rdf     gdf     bdf
 *              rdb     gdb     bdb
 *              rdt     gdt     bdt
 */

/*
 * Note that our reverse ray-tracing process means that the positions
 * of incoming and outgoing vectors may be reversed in our calls
 * to the BSDF library.  This is fine, since the bidirectional nature
 * of the BSDF (that's what the 'B' stands for) means it all works out.
 */

typedef struct {
        OBJREC  *mp;            /* material pointer */
        RAY     *pr;            /* intersected ray */
        FVECT   pnorm;          /* perturbed surface normal */
        FVECT   vray;           /* local outgoing (return) vector */
        double  sr_vpsa[2];     /* sqrt of BSDF projected solid angle extrema */
        RREAL   toloc[3][3];    /* world to local BSDF coords */
        RREAL   fromloc[3][3];  /* local BSDF coords to world */
        double  thick;          /* surface thickness */
        SDData  *sd;            /* loaded BSDF data */
        COLOR   runsamp;        /* BSDF hemispherical reflection */
        COLOR   rdiff;          /* added diffuse reflection */
        COLOR   tunsamp;        /* BSDF hemispherical transmission */
        COLOR   tdiff;          /* added diffuse transmission */
}  BSDFDAT;             /* BSDF material data */

#define cvt_sdcolor(cv, svp)    ccy2rgb(&(svp)->spec, (svp)->cieY, cv)

/* Jitter ray sample according to projected solid angle and specjitter */
static void
bsdf_jitter(FVECT vres, BSDFDAT *ndp, double sr_psa)
{
        VCOPY(vres, ndp->vray);
        if (specjitter < 1.)
                sr_psa *= specjitter;
        if (sr_psa <= FTINY)
                return;
        vres[0] += sr_psa*(.5 - frandom());
        vres[1] += sr_psa*(.5 - frandom());
        normalize(vres);
}

/* Evaluate BSDF for direct component, returning true if OK to proceed */
static int
direct_bsdf_OK(COLOR cval, FVECT ldir, double omega, BSDFDAT *ndp)
{
        int     nsamp, ok = 0;
        FVECT   vsrc, vsmp, vjit;
        double  tomega;
        double  sf, tsr, sd[2];
        COLOR   csmp;
        SDValue sv;
        SDError ec;
        int     i;
                                        /* transform source direction */
        if (SDmapDir(vsrc, ndp->toloc, ldir) != SDEnone)
                return(0);
                                        /* assign number of samples */
        ec = SDsizeBSDF(&tomega, ndp->vray, vsrc, SDqueryMin, ndp->sd);
        if (ec)
                goto baderror;
                                        /* check indirect over-counting */
        if (ndp->thick != 0 && ndp->pr->crtype & (SPECULAR|AMBIENT)
                                && vsrc[2] > 0 ^ ndp->vray[2] > 0) {
                double  dx = vsrc[0] + ndp->vray[0];
                double  dy = vsrc[1] + ndp->vray[1];
                if (dx*dx + dy*dy <= omega+tomega)
                        return(0);
        }
        sf = specjitter * ndp->pr->rweight;
        if (25.*tomega <= omega)
                nsamp = 100.*sf + .5;
        else
                nsamp = 4.*sf*omega/tomega + .5;
        nsamp += !nsamp;
        setcolor(cval, .0, .0, .0);     /* sample our source area */
        sf = sqrt(omega);
        tsr = sqrt(tomega);
        for (i = nsamp; i--; ) {
                VCOPY(vsmp, vsrc);      /* jitter query directions */
                if (nsamp > 1) {
                        multisamp(sd, 2, (i + frandom())/(double)nsamp);
                        vsmp[0] += (sd[0] - .5)*sf;
                        vsmp[1] += (sd[1] - .5)*sf;
                        if (normalize(vsmp) == 0) {
                                --nsamp;
                                continue;
                        }
                }
                bsdf_jitter(vjit, ndp, tsr);
                                        /* compute BSDF */
                ec = SDevalBSDF(&sv, vjit, vsmp, ndp->sd);
                if (ec)
                        goto baderror;
                if (sv.cieY <= FTINY)   /* worth using? */
                        continue;
                cvt_sdcolor(csmp, &sv);
                addcolor(cval, csmp);   /* average it in */
                ++ok;
        }
        sf = 1./(double)nsamp;
        scalecolor(cval, sf);
        return(ok);
baderror:
        objerror(ndp->mp, USER, transSDError(ec));
        return(0);                      /* gratis return */
}

/* Compute source contribution for BSDF (reflected & transmitted) */
static void
dir_bsdf(
        COLOR  cval,                    /* returned coefficient */
        void  *nnp,                     /* material data */
        FVECT  ldir,                    /* light source direction */
        double  omega                   /* light source size */
)
{
        BSDFDAT         *np = (BSDFDAT *)nnp;
        double          ldot;
        double          dtmp;
        COLOR           ctmp;

        setcolor(cval, .0, .0, .0);

        ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir);
        if ((-FTINY <= ldot) & (ldot <= FTINY))
                return;

        if (ldot > 0 && bright(np->rdiff) > FTINY) {
                /*
                 *  Compute added diffuse reflected component.
                 */
                copycolor(ctmp, np->rdiff);
                dtmp = ldot * omega * (1./PI);
                scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
                addcolor(cval, ctmp);
        }
        if (ldot < 0 && bright(np->tdiff) > FTINY) {
                /*
                 *  Compute added diffuse transmission.
                 */
                copycolor(ctmp, np->tdiff);
                dtmp = -ldot * omega * (1.0/PI);
                scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
                addcolor(cval, ctmp);
        }
        /*
         *  Compute scattering coefficient using BSDF.
         */
        if (!direct_bsdf_OK(ctmp, ldir, omega, np))
                return;
        if (ldot > 0) {         /* pattern only diffuse reflection */
                COLOR   ctmp1, ctmp2;
                dtmp = (np->pr->rod > 0) ? np->sd->rLambFront.cieY
                                        : np->sd->rLambBack.cieY;
                                        /* diffuse fraction */
                dtmp /= PI * bright(ctmp);
                copycolor(ctmp2, np->pr->pcol);
                scalecolor(ctmp2, dtmp);
                setcolor(ctmp1, 1.-dtmp, 1.-dtmp, 1.-dtmp);
                addcolor(ctmp1, ctmp2);
                multcolor(ctmp, ctmp1); /* apply derated pattern */
                dtmp = ldot * omega;
        } else {                        /* full pattern on transmission */
                multcolor(ctmp, np->pr->pcol);
                dtmp = -ldot * omega;
        }
        scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
        addcolor(cval, ctmp);
}

/* Compute source contribution for BSDF (reflected only) */
static void
dir_brdf(
        COLOR  cval,                    /* returned coefficient */
        void  *nnp,                     /* material data */
        FVECT  ldir,                    /* light source direction */
        double  omega                   /* light source size */
)
{
        BSDFDAT         *np = (BSDFDAT *)nnp;
        double          ldot;
        double          dtmp;
        COLOR           ctmp, ctmp1, ctmp2;

        setcolor(cval, .0, .0, .0);

        ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir);
        
        if (ldot <= FTINY)
                return;

        if (bright(np->rdiff) > FTINY) {
                /*
                 *  Compute added diffuse reflected component.
                 */
                copycolor(ctmp, np->rdiff);
                dtmp = ldot * omega * (1./PI);
                scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
                addcolor(cval, ctmp);
        }
        /*
         *  Compute reflection coefficient using BSDF.
         */
        if (!direct_bsdf_OK(ctmp, ldir, omega, np))
                return;
                                        /* pattern only diffuse reflection */
        dtmp = (np->pr->rod > 0) ? np->sd->rLambFront.cieY
                                : np->sd->rLambBack.cieY;
        dtmp /= PI * bright(ctmp);      /* diffuse fraction */
        copycolor(ctmp2, np->pr->pcol);
        scalecolor(ctmp2, dtmp);
        setcolor(ctmp1, 1.-dtmp, 1.-dtmp, 1.-dtmp);
        addcolor(ctmp1, ctmp2);
        multcolor(ctmp, ctmp1);         /* apply derated pattern */
        dtmp = ldot * omega;
        scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
        addcolor(cval, ctmp);
}

/* Compute source contribution for BSDF (transmitted only) */
static void
dir_btdf(
        COLOR  cval,                    /* returned coefficient */
        void  *nnp,                     /* material data */
        FVECT  ldir,                    /* light source direction */
        double  omega                   /* light source size */
)
{
        BSDFDAT         *np = (BSDFDAT *)nnp;
        double          ldot;
        double          dtmp;
        COLOR           ctmp;

        setcolor(cval, .0, .0, .0);

        ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir);

        if (ldot >= -FTINY)
                return;

        if (bright(np->tdiff) > FTINY) {
                /*
                 *  Compute added diffuse transmission.
                 */
                copycolor(ctmp, np->tdiff);
                dtmp = -ldot * omega * (1.0/PI);
                scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
                addcolor(cval, ctmp);
        }
        /*
         *  Compute scattering coefficient using BSDF.
         */
        if (!direct_bsdf_OK(ctmp, ldir, omega, np))
                return;
                                        /* full pattern on transmission */
        multcolor(ctmp, np->pr->pcol);
        dtmp = -ldot * omega;
        scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
        addcolor(cval, ctmp);
}

/* Sample separate BSDF component */
static int
sample_sdcomp(BSDFDAT *ndp, SDComponent *dcp, int usepat)
{
        int     nstarget = 1;
        int     nsent;
        SDError ec;
        SDValue bsv;
        double  xrand;
        FVECT   vsmp;
        RAY     sr;
                                                /* multiple samples? */
        if (specjitter > 1.5) {
                nstarget = specjitter*ndp->pr->rweight + .5;
                nstarget += !nstarget;
        }
                                                /* run through our samples */
        for (nsent = 0; nsent < nstarget; nsent++) {
                if (nstarget == 1) {            /* stratify random variable */
                        xrand = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+samplendx);
                        if (specjitter < 1.)
                                xrand = .5 + specjitter*(xrand-.5);
                } else {
                        xrand = (nsent + frandom())/(double)nstarget;
                }
                SDerrorDetail[0] = '\0';        /* sample direction & coef. */
                bsdf_jitter(vsmp, ndp, ndp->sr_vpsa[0]);
                ec = SDsampComponent(&bsv, vsmp, xrand, dcp);
                if (ec)
                        objerror(ndp->mp, USER, transSDError(ec));
                if (bsv.cieY <= FTINY)          /* zero component? */
                        break;
                                                /* map vector to world */
                if (SDmapDir(sr.rdir, ndp->fromloc, vsmp) != SDEnone)
                        break;
                                                /* spawn a specular ray */
                if (nstarget > 1)
                        bsv.cieY /= (double)nstarget;
                cvt_sdcolor(sr.rcoef, &bsv);    /* use sample color */
                if (usepat)                     /* apply pattern? */
                        multcolor(sr.rcoef, ndp->pr->pcol);
                if (rayorigin(&sr, SPECULAR, ndp->pr, sr.rcoef) < 0) {
                        if (maxdepth > 0)
                                break;
                        continue;               /* Russian roulette victim */
                }
                                                /* need to offset origin? */
                if (ndp->thick != 0 && ndp->pr->rod > 0 ^ vsmp[2] > 0)
                        VSUM(sr.rorg, sr.rorg, ndp->pr->ron, -ndp->thick);
                rayvalue(&sr);                  /* send & evaluate sample */
                multcolor(sr.rcol, sr.rcoef);
                addcolor(ndp->pr->rcol, sr.rcol);
        }
        return(nsent);
}

/* Sample non-diffuse components of BSDF */
static int
sample_sdf(BSDFDAT *ndp, int sflags)
{
        int             n, ntotal = 0;
        SDSpectralDF    *dfp;
        COLORV          *unsc;

        if (sflags == SDsampSpT) {
                unsc = ndp->tunsamp;
                if (ndp->pr->rod > 0)
                        dfp = (ndp->sd->tf != NULL) ? ndp->sd->tf : ndp->sd->tb;
                else
                        dfp = (ndp->sd->tb != NULL) ? ndp->sd->tb : ndp->sd->tf;
                cvt_sdcolor(unsc, &ndp->sd->tLamb);
        } else /* sflags == SDsampSpR */ {
                unsc = ndp->runsamp;
                if (ndp->pr->rod > 0) {
                        dfp = ndp->sd->rf;
                        cvt_sdcolor(unsc, &ndp->sd->rLambFront);
                } else {
                        dfp = ndp->sd->rb;
                        cvt_sdcolor(unsc, &ndp->sd->rLambBack);
                }
        }
        multcolor(unsc, ndp->pr->pcol);
        if (dfp == NULL)                        /* no specular component? */
                return(0);
                                                /* below sampling threshold? */
        if (dfp->maxHemi <= specthresh+FTINY) {
                if (dfp->maxHemi > FTINY) {     /* XXX no color from BSDF */
                        FVECT   vjit;
                        double  d;
                        COLOR   ctmp;
                        bsdf_jitter(vjit, ndp, ndp->sr_vpsa[1]);
                        d = SDdirectHemi(vjit, sflags, ndp->sd);
                        if (sflags == SDsampSpT) {
                                copycolor(ctmp, ndp->pr->pcol);
                                scalecolor(ctmp, d);
                        } else                  /* no pattern on reflection */
                                setcolor(ctmp, d, d, d);
                        addcolor(unsc, ctmp);
                }
                return(0);
        }
                                                /* else need to sample */
        dimlist[ndims++] = (int)(size_t)ndp->mp;
        ndims++;
        for (n = dfp->ncomp; n--; ) {           /* loop over components */
                dimlist[ndims-1] = n + 9438;
                ntotal += sample_sdcomp(ndp, &dfp->comp[n], sflags==SDsampSpT);
        }
        ndims -= 2;
        return(ntotal);
}

/* Color a ray that hit a BSDF material */
int
m_bsdf(OBJREC *m, RAY *r)
{
        int     hitfront;
        COLOR   ctmp;
        SDError ec;
        FVECT   upvec, vtmp;
        MFUNC   *mf;
        BSDFDAT nd;
                                                /* check arguments */
        if ((m->oargs.nsargs < 6) | (m->oargs.nfargs > 9) |
                                (m->oargs.nfargs % 3))
                objerror(m, USER, "bad # arguments");
                                                /* record surface struck */
        hitfront = (r->rod > 0);
                                                /* load cal file */
        mf = getfunc(m, 5, 0x1d, 1);
                                                /* get thickness */
        nd.thick = evalue(mf->ep[0]);
        if ((-FTINY <= nd.thick) & (nd.thick <= FTINY))
                nd.thick = .0;
                                                /* check shadow */
        if (r->crtype & SHADOW) {
                if (nd.thick != 0)
                        raytrans(r);            /* pass-through */
                return(1);                      /* or shadow */
        }
                                                /* check other rays to pass */
        if (nd.thick != 0 && (!(r->crtype & (SPECULAR|AMBIENT)) ||
                                nd.thick > 0 ^ hitfront)) {
                raytrans(r);                    /* hide our proxy */
                return(1);
        }
                                                /* get BSDF data */
        nd.sd = loadBSDF(m->oargs.sarg[1]);
                                                /* diffuse reflectance */
        if (hitfront) {
                if (m->oargs.nfargs < 3)
                        setcolor(nd.rdiff, .0, .0, .0);
                else
                        setcolor(nd.rdiff, m->oargs.farg[0],
                                        m->oargs.farg[1],
                                        m->oargs.farg[2]);
        } else {
                if (m->oargs.nfargs < 6) {      /* check invisible backside */
                        if (!backvis && (nd.sd->rb == NULL) &
                                        (nd.sd->tb == NULL)) {
                                SDfreeCache(nd.sd);
                                raytrans(r);
                                return(1);
                        }
                        setcolor(nd.rdiff, .0, .0, .0);
                } else
                        setcolor(nd.rdiff, m->oargs.farg[3],
                                        m->oargs.farg[4],
                                        m->oargs.farg[5]);
        }
                                                /* diffuse transmittance */
        if (m->oargs.nfargs < 9)
                setcolor(nd.tdiff, .0, .0, .0);
        else
                setcolor(nd.tdiff, m->oargs.farg[6],
                                m->oargs.farg[7],
                                m->oargs.farg[8]);
        nd.mp = m;
        nd.pr = r;
                                                /* get modifiers */
        raytexture(r, m->omod);
                                                /* modify diffuse values */
        multcolor(nd.rdiff, r->pcol);
        multcolor(nd.tdiff, r->pcol);
                                                /* get up vector */
        upvec[0] = evalue(mf->ep[1]);
        upvec[1] = evalue(mf->ep[2]);
        upvec[2] = evalue(mf->ep[3]);
                                                /* return to world coords */
        if (mf->fxp != &unitxf) {
                multv3(upvec, upvec, mf->fxp->xfm);
                nd.thick *= mf->fxp->sca;
        }
        if (r->rox != NULL) {
                multv3(upvec, upvec, r->rox->f.xfm);
                nd.thick *= r->rox->f.sca;
        }
        raynormal(nd.pnorm, r);
                                                /* compute local BSDF xform */
        ec = SDcompXform(nd.toloc, nd.pnorm, upvec);
        if (!ec) {
                nd.vray[0] = -r->rdir[0];
                nd.vray[1] = -r->rdir[1];
                nd.vray[2] = -r->rdir[2];
                ec = SDmapDir(nd.vray, nd.toloc, nd.vray);
        }
        if (!ec)
                ec = SDinvXform(nd.fromloc, nd.toloc);
        if (ec) {
                objerror(m, WARNING, "Illegal orientation vector");
                return(1);
        }
                                                /* determine BSDF resolution */
        ec = SDsizeBSDF(nd.sr_vpsa, nd.vray, NULL, SDqueryMin+SDqueryMax, nd.sd);
        if (ec)
                objerror(m, USER, transSDError(ec));

        nd.sr_vpsa[0] = sqrt(nd.sr_vpsa[0]);
        nd.sr_vpsa[1] = sqrt(nd.sr_vpsa[1]);
        if (!hitfront) {                        /* perturb normal towards hit */
                nd.pnorm[0] = -nd.pnorm[0];
                nd.pnorm[1] = -nd.pnorm[1];
                nd.pnorm[2] = -nd.pnorm[2];
        }
                                                /* sample reflection */
        sample_sdf(&nd, SDsampSpR);
                                                /* sample transmission */
        sample_sdf(&nd, SDsampSpT);
                                                /* compute indirect diffuse */
        copycolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff);
        addcolor(ctmp, nd.runsamp);
        if (bright(ctmp) > FTINY) {             /* ambient from reflection */
                if (!hitfront)
                        flipsurface(r);
                multambient(ctmp, r, nd.pnorm);
                addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp);
                if (!hitfront)
                        flipsurface(r);
        }
        copycolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff);
        addcolor(ctmp, nd.tunsamp);
        if (bright(ctmp) > FTINY) {             /* ambient from other side */
                FVECT  bnorm;
                if (hitfront)
                        flipsurface(r);
                bnorm[0] = -nd.pnorm[0];
                bnorm[1] = -nd.pnorm[1];
                bnorm[2] = -nd.pnorm[2];
                if (nd.thick != 0) {            /* proxy with offset? */
                        VCOPY(vtmp, r->rop);
                        VSUM(r->rop, vtmp, r->ron, nd.thick);
                        multambient(ctmp, r, bnorm);
                        VCOPY(r->rop, vtmp);
                } else
                        multambient(ctmp, r, bnorm);
                addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp);
                if (hitfront)
                        flipsurface(r);
        }
                                                /* add direct component */
        if ((bright(nd.tdiff) <= FTINY) & (nd.sd->tf == NULL) &
                                        (nd.sd->tb == NULL)) {
                direct(r, dir_brdf, &nd);       /* reflection only */
        } else if (nd.thick == 0) {
                direct(r, dir_bsdf, &nd);       /* thin surface scattering */
        } else {
                direct(r, dir_brdf, &nd);       /* reflection first */
                VCOPY(vtmp, r->rop);            /* offset for transmitted */
                VSUM(r->rop, vtmp, r->ron, -nd.thick);
                direct(r, dir_btdf, &nd);       /* separate transmission */
                VCOPY(r->rop, vtmp);
        }
                                                /* clean up */
        SDfreeCache(nd.sd);
        return(1);
}
Revision:	2.23
Committed:	Tue Apr 9 16:55:15 2013 UTC (11 years ago) by greg
Content type:	text/plain
Branch:	MAIN
Changes since 2.22:	+5 -1 lines
Log Message:	Fixed bug for BSDF materials included via octree or mesh instances
#	User	Rev	Content
1	greg	2.1	#ifndef lint
2	greg	2.23	static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: m_bsdf.c,v 2.22 2012/09/02 15:33:15 greg Exp $";
3	greg	2.1	#endif
4			/*
5			* Shading for materials with BSDFs taken from XML data files
6			*/
7
8			#include "copyright.h"
9
10			#include "ray.h"
11			#include "ambient.h"
12			#include "source.h"
13			#include "func.h"
14			#include "bsdf.h"
15			#include "random.h"
16
17			/*
18			* Arguments to this material include optional diffuse colors.
19			* String arguments include the BSDF and function files.
20	greg	2.5	* A non-zero thickness causes the strange but useful behavior
21			* of translating transmitted rays this distance beneath the surface
22			* (opposite the surface normal) to bypass any intervening geometry.
23			* Translation only affects scattered, non-source-directed samples.
24			* A non-zero thickness has the further side-effect that an unscattered
25	greg	2.1	* (view) ray will pass right through our material if it has any
26	greg	2.5	* non-diffuse transmission, making the BSDF surface invisible. This
27			* shows the proxied geometry instead. Thickness has the further
28			* effect of turning off reflection on the hidden side so that rays
29			* heading in the opposite direction pass unimpeded through the BSDF
30			* surface. A paired surface may be placed on the opposide side of
31			* the detail geometry, less than this thickness away, if a two-way
32			* proxy is desired. Note that the sign of the thickness is important.
33			* A positive thickness hides geometry behind the BSDF surface and uses
34			* front reflectance and transmission properties. A negative thickness
35			* hides geometry in front of the surface when rays hit from behind,
36			* and applies only the transmission and backside reflectance properties.
37			* Reflection is ignored on the hidden side, as those rays pass through.
38	greg	2.1	* The "up" vector for the BSDF is given by three variables, defined
39			* (along with the thickness) by the named function file, or '.' if none.
40			* Together with the surface normal, this defines the local coordinate
41			* system for the BSDF.
42			* We do not reorient the surface, so if the BSDF has no back-side
43	greg	2.5	* reflectance and none is given in the real arguments, a BSDF surface
44			* with zero thickness will appear black when viewed from behind
45			* unless backface visibility is off.
46			* The diffuse arguments are added to components in the BSDF file,
47	greg	2.1	* not multiplied. However, patterns affect this material as a multiplier
48			* on everything except non-diffuse reflection.
49			*
50			* Arguments for MAT_BSDF are:
51			* 6+ thick BSDFfile ux uy uz funcfile transform
52			* 0
53	greg	2.8	* 0\|3\|6\|9 rdf gdf bdf
54	greg	2.1	* rdb gdb bdb
55			* rdt gdt bdt
56			*/
57
58	greg	2.4	/*
59			* Note that our reverse ray-tracing process means that the positions
60			* of incoming and outgoing vectors may be reversed in our calls
61			* to the BSDF library. This is fine, since the bidirectional nature
62			* of the BSDF (that's what the 'B' stands for) means it all works out.
63			*/
64
65	greg	2.1	typedef struct {
66			OBJREC mp; / material pointer */
67			RAY pr; / intersected ray */
68			FVECT pnorm; /* perturbed surface normal */
69	greg	2.4	FVECT vray; /* local outgoing (return) vector */
70	greg	2.9	double sr_vpsa[2]; /* sqrt of BSDF projected solid angle extrema */
71	greg	2.1	RREAL toloc[3][3]; /* world to local BSDF coords */
72			RREAL fromloc[3][3]; /* local BSDF coords to world */
73			double thick; /* surface thickness */
74			SDData sd; / loaded BSDF data */
75			COLOR runsamp; /* BSDF hemispherical reflection */
76			COLOR rdiff; /* added diffuse reflection */
77			COLOR tunsamp; /* BSDF hemispherical transmission */
78			COLOR tdiff; /* added diffuse transmission */
79			} BSDFDAT; /* BSDF material data */
80
81			#define cvt_sdcolor(cv, svp) ccy2rgb(&(svp)->spec, (svp)->cieY, cv)
82
83	greg	2.4	/* Jitter ray sample according to projected solid angle and specjitter */
84			static void
85	greg	2.15	bsdf_jitter(FVECT vres, BSDFDAT *ndp, double sr_psa)
86	greg	2.4	{
87			VCOPY(vres, ndp->vray);
88			if (specjitter < 1.)
89			sr_psa *= specjitter;
90			if (sr_psa <= FTINY)
91			return;
92			vres[0] += sr_psa*(.5 - frandom());
93			vres[1] += sr_psa*(.5 - frandom());
94			normalize(vres);
95			}
96
97	greg	2.7	/* Evaluate BSDF for direct component, returning true if OK to proceed */
98			static int
99	greg	2.13	direct_bsdf_OK(COLOR cval, FVECT ldir, double omega, BSDFDAT *ndp)
100	greg	2.7	{
101	greg	2.15	int nsamp, ok = 0;
102	greg	2.13	FVECT vsrc, vsmp, vjit;
103			double tomega;
104	greg	2.15	double sf, tsr, sd[2];
105	greg	2.13	COLOR csmp;
106	greg	2.7	SDValue sv;
107			SDError ec;
108	greg	2.13	int i;
109	greg	2.7	/* transform source direction */
110			if (SDmapDir(vsrc, ndp->toloc, ldir) != SDEnone)
111			return(0);
112	greg	2.16	/* assign number of samples */
113			ec = SDsizeBSDF(&tomega, ndp->vray, vsrc, SDqueryMin, ndp->sd);
114			if (ec)
115			goto baderror;
116	greg	2.13	/* check indirect over-counting */
117			if (ndp->thick != 0 && ndp->pr->crtype & (SPECULAR\|AMBIENT)
118			&& vsrc[2] > 0 ^ ndp->vray[2] > 0) {
119			double dx = vsrc[0] + ndp->vray[0];
120			double dy = vsrc[1] + ndp->vray[1];
121	greg	2.16	if (dxdx + dydy <= omega+tomega)
122	greg	2.7	return(0);
123			}
124	greg	2.15	sf = specjitter * ndp->pr->rweight;
125			if (25.*tomega <= omega)
126			nsamp = 100.*sf + .5;
127			else
128			nsamp = 4.sfomega/tomega + .5;
129			nsamp += !nsamp;
130			setcolor(cval, .0, .0, .0); /* sample our source area */
131	greg	2.13	sf = sqrt(omega);
132	greg	2.15	tsr = sqrt(tomega);
133	greg	2.13	for (i = nsamp; i--; ) {
134			VCOPY(vsmp, vsrc); /* jitter query directions */
135			if (nsamp > 1) {
136			multisamp(sd, 2, (i + frandom())/(double)nsamp);
137			vsmp[0] += (sd[0] - .5)*sf;
138			vsmp[1] += (sd[1] - .5)*sf;
139			if (normalize(vsmp) == 0) {
140			--nsamp;
141			continue;
142			}
143			}
144	greg	2.15	bsdf_jitter(vjit, ndp, tsr);
145	greg	2.13	/* compute BSDF */
146			ec = SDevalBSDF(&sv, vjit, vsmp, ndp->sd);
147			if (ec)
148			goto baderror;
149			if (sv.cieY <= FTINY) /* worth using? */
150			continue;
151			cvt_sdcolor(csmp, &sv);
152			addcolor(cval, csmp); /* average it in */
153			++ok;
154			}
155			sf = 1./(double)nsamp;
156			scalecolor(cval, sf);
157			return(ok);
158			baderror:
159			objerror(ndp->mp, USER, transSDError(ec));
160	greg	2.17	return(0); /* gratis return */
161	greg	2.7	}
162
163	greg	2.5	/* Compute source contribution for BSDF (reflected & transmitted) */
164	greg	2.1	static void
165	greg	2.5	dir_bsdf(
166	greg	2.1	COLOR cval, /* returned coefficient */
167			void nnp, / material data */
168			FVECT ldir, /* light source direction */
169			double omega /* light source size */
170			)
171			{
172	greg	2.3	BSDFDAT np = (BSDFDAT )nnp;
173	greg	2.1	double ldot;
174			double dtmp;
175			COLOR ctmp;
176
177			setcolor(cval, .0, .0, .0);
178
179			ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir);
180			if ((-FTINY <= ldot) & (ldot <= FTINY))
181			return;
182
183	greg	2.9	if (ldot > 0 && bright(np->rdiff) > FTINY) {
184	greg	2.1	/*
185			* Compute added diffuse reflected component.
186			*/
187			copycolor(ctmp, np->rdiff);
188			dtmp = ldot * omega * (1./PI);
189			scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
190			addcolor(cval, ctmp);
191			}
192	greg	2.9	if (ldot < 0 && bright(np->tdiff) > FTINY) {
193	greg	2.1	/*
194			* Compute added diffuse transmission.
195			*/
196			copycolor(ctmp, np->tdiff);
197			dtmp = -ldot * omega * (1.0/PI);
198			scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
199			addcolor(cval, ctmp);
200			}
201			/*
202			* Compute scattering coefficient using BSDF.
203			*/
204	greg	2.13	if (!direct_bsdf_OK(ctmp, ldir, omega, np))
205	greg	2.1	return;
206	greg	2.9	if (ldot > 0) { /* pattern only diffuse reflection */
207	greg	2.1	COLOR ctmp1, ctmp2;
208	greg	2.9	dtmp = (np->pr->rod > 0) ? np->sd->rLambFront.cieY
209	greg	2.1	: np->sd->rLambBack.cieY;
210	greg	2.7	/* diffuse fraction */
211			dtmp /= PI * bright(ctmp);
212	greg	2.1	copycolor(ctmp2, np->pr->pcol);
213			scalecolor(ctmp2, dtmp);
214			setcolor(ctmp1, 1.-dtmp, 1.-dtmp, 1.-dtmp);
215			addcolor(ctmp1, ctmp2);
216	greg	2.3	multcolor(ctmp, ctmp1); /* apply derated pattern */
217	greg	2.1	dtmp = ldot * omega;
218			} else { /* full pattern on transmission */
219			multcolor(ctmp, np->pr->pcol);
220			dtmp = -ldot * omega;
221			}
222			scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
223			addcolor(cval, ctmp);
224			}
225
226	greg	2.5	/* Compute source contribution for BSDF (reflected only) */
227			static void
228			dir_brdf(
229			COLOR cval, /* returned coefficient */
230			void nnp, / material data */
231			FVECT ldir, /* light source direction */
232			double omega /* light source size */
233			)
234			{
235			BSDFDAT np = (BSDFDAT )nnp;
236			double ldot;
237			double dtmp;
238			COLOR ctmp, ctmp1, ctmp2;
239
240			setcolor(cval, .0, .0, .0);
241
242			ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir);
243
244			if (ldot <= FTINY)
245			return;
246
247			if (bright(np->rdiff) > FTINY) {
248			/*
249			* Compute added diffuse reflected component.
250			*/
251			copycolor(ctmp, np->rdiff);
252			dtmp = ldot * omega * (1./PI);
253			scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
254			addcolor(cval, ctmp);
255			}
256			/*
257			* Compute reflection coefficient using BSDF.
258			*/
259	greg	2.13	if (!direct_bsdf_OK(ctmp, ldir, omega, np))
260	greg	2.5	return;
261			/* pattern only diffuse reflection */
262	greg	2.9	dtmp = (np->pr->rod > 0) ? np->sd->rLambFront.cieY
263	greg	2.5	: np->sd->rLambBack.cieY;
264	greg	2.7	dtmp /= PI * bright(ctmp); /* diffuse fraction */
265	greg	2.5	copycolor(ctmp2, np->pr->pcol);
266			scalecolor(ctmp2, dtmp);
267			setcolor(ctmp1, 1.-dtmp, 1.-dtmp, 1.-dtmp);
268			addcolor(ctmp1, ctmp2);
269			multcolor(ctmp, ctmp1); /* apply derated pattern */
270			dtmp = ldot * omega;
271			scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
272			addcolor(cval, ctmp);
273			}
274
275			/* Compute source contribution for BSDF (transmitted only) */
276			static void
277			dir_btdf(
278			COLOR cval, /* returned coefficient */
279			void nnp, / material data */
280			FVECT ldir, /* light source direction */
281			double omega /* light source size */
282			)
283			{
284			BSDFDAT np = (BSDFDAT )nnp;
285			double ldot;
286			double dtmp;
287			COLOR ctmp;
288
289			setcolor(cval, .0, .0, .0);
290
291			ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir);
292
293			if (ldot >= -FTINY)
294			return;
295
296			if (bright(np->tdiff) > FTINY) {
297			/*
298			* Compute added diffuse transmission.
299			*/
300			copycolor(ctmp, np->tdiff);
301			dtmp = -ldot * omega * (1.0/PI);
302			scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
303			addcolor(cval, ctmp);
304			}
305			/*
306			* Compute scattering coefficient using BSDF.
307			*/
308	greg	2.13	if (!direct_bsdf_OK(ctmp, ldir, omega, np))
309	greg	2.5	return;
310			/* full pattern on transmission */
311			multcolor(ctmp, np->pr->pcol);
312			dtmp = -ldot * omega;
313			scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
314			addcolor(cval, ctmp);
315			}
316
317	greg	2.1	/* Sample separate BSDF component */
318			static int
319			sample_sdcomp(BSDFDAT ndp, SDComponent dcp, int usepat)
320			{
321			int nstarget = 1;
322	greg	2.11	int nsent;
323	greg	2.1	SDError ec;
324			SDValue bsv;
325	greg	2.11	double xrand;
326	greg	2.10	FVECT vsmp;
327	greg	2.1	RAY sr;
328			/* multiple samples? */
329			if (specjitter > 1.5) {
330			nstarget = specjitter*ndp->pr->rweight + .5;
331	greg	2.14	nstarget += !nstarget;
332	greg	2.1	}
333	greg	2.11	/* run through our samples */
334			for (nsent = 0; nsent < nstarget; nsent++) {
335	greg	2.15	if (nstarget == 1) { /* stratify random variable */
336	greg	2.11	xrand = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+samplendx);
337	greg	2.15	if (specjitter < 1.)
338			xrand = .5 + specjitter*(xrand-.5);
339			} else {
340	greg	2.11	xrand = (nsent + frandom())/(double)nstarget;
341	greg	2.15	}
342	greg	2.11	SDerrorDetail[0] = '\0'; /* sample direction & coef. */
343	greg	2.15	bsdf_jitter(vsmp, ndp, ndp->sr_vpsa[0]);
344	greg	2.11	ec = SDsampComponent(&bsv, vsmp, xrand, dcp);
345	greg	2.1	if (ec)
346	greg	2.2	objerror(ndp->mp, USER, transSDError(ec));
347	greg	2.11	if (bsv.cieY <= FTINY) /* zero component? */
348	greg	2.1	break;
349			/* map vector to world */
350	greg	2.4	if (SDmapDir(sr.rdir, ndp->fromloc, vsmp) != SDEnone)
351	greg	2.1	break;
352			/* spawn a specular ray */
353			if (nstarget > 1)
354			bsv.cieY /= (double)nstarget;
355	greg	2.11	cvt_sdcolor(sr.rcoef, &bsv); /* use sample color */
356			if (usepat) /* apply pattern? */
357	greg	2.1	multcolor(sr.rcoef, ndp->pr->pcol);
358			if (rayorigin(&sr, SPECULAR, ndp->pr, sr.rcoef) < 0) {
359	greg	2.11	if (maxdepth > 0)
360	greg	2.1	break;
361	greg	2.11	continue; /* Russian roulette victim */
362	greg	2.1	}
363	greg	2.5	/* need to offset origin? */
364	greg	2.9	if (ndp->thick != 0 && ndp->pr->rod > 0 ^ vsmp[2] > 0)
365	greg	2.5	VSUM(sr.rorg, sr.rorg, ndp->pr->ron, -ndp->thick);
366	greg	2.1	rayvalue(&sr); /* send & evaluate sample */
367			multcolor(sr.rcol, sr.rcoef);
368			addcolor(ndp->pr->rcol, sr.rcol);
369			}
370			return(nsent);
371			}
372
373			/* Sample non-diffuse components of BSDF */
374			static int
375			sample_sdf(BSDFDAT *ndp, int sflags)
376			{
377			int n, ntotal = 0;
378			SDSpectralDF *dfp;
379			COLORV *unsc;
380
381			if (sflags == SDsampSpT) {
382			unsc = ndp->tunsamp;
383	greg	2.22	if (ndp->pr->rod > 0)
384			dfp = (ndp->sd->tf != NULL) ? ndp->sd->tf : ndp->sd->tb;
385			else
386			dfp = (ndp->sd->tb != NULL) ? ndp->sd->tb : ndp->sd->tf;
387	greg	2.1	cvt_sdcolor(unsc, &ndp->sd->tLamb);
388			} else /* sflags == SDsampSpR */ {
389			unsc = ndp->runsamp;
390	greg	2.9	if (ndp->pr->rod > 0) {
391	greg	2.1	dfp = ndp->sd->rf;
392			cvt_sdcolor(unsc, &ndp->sd->rLambFront);
393			} else {
394			dfp = ndp->sd->rb;
395			cvt_sdcolor(unsc, &ndp->sd->rLambBack);
396			}
397			}
398			multcolor(unsc, ndp->pr->pcol);
399			if (dfp == NULL) /* no specular component? */
400			return(0);
401			/* below sampling threshold? */
402			if (dfp->maxHemi <= specthresh+FTINY) {
403	greg	2.3	if (dfp->maxHemi > FTINY) { /* XXX no color from BSDF */
404	greg	2.4	FVECT vjit;
405			double d;
406	greg	2.1	COLOR ctmp;
407	greg	2.15	bsdf_jitter(vjit, ndp, ndp->sr_vpsa[1]);
408	greg	2.4	d = SDdirectHemi(vjit, sflags, ndp->sd);
409	greg	2.1	if (sflags == SDsampSpT) {
410			copycolor(ctmp, ndp->pr->pcol);
411			scalecolor(ctmp, d);
412			} else /* no pattern on reflection */
413			setcolor(ctmp, d, d, d);
414			addcolor(unsc, ctmp);
415			}
416			return(0);
417			}
418			/* else need to sample */
419			dimlist[ndims++] = (int)(size_t)ndp->mp;
420			ndims++;
421			for (n = dfp->ncomp; n--; ) { /* loop over components */
422			dimlist[ndims-1] = n + 9438;
423			ntotal += sample_sdcomp(ndp, &dfp->comp[n], sflags==SDsampSpT);
424			}
425			ndims -= 2;
426			return(ntotal);
427			}
428
429			/* Color a ray that hit a BSDF material */
430			int
431			m_bsdf(OBJREC m, RAY r)
432			{
433	greg	2.6	int hitfront;
434	greg	2.1	COLOR ctmp;
435			SDError ec;
436	greg	2.5	FVECT upvec, vtmp;
437	greg	2.1	MFUNC *mf;
438			BSDFDAT nd;
439			/* check arguments */
440			if ((m->oargs.nsargs < 6) \| (m->oargs.nfargs > 9) \|
441			(m->oargs.nfargs % 3))
442			objerror(m, USER, "bad # arguments");
443	greg	2.6	/* record surface struck */
444	greg	2.9	hitfront = (r->rod > 0);
445	greg	2.1	/* load cal file */
446			mf = getfunc(m, 5, 0x1d, 1);
447			/* get thickness */
448			nd.thick = evalue(mf->ep[0]);
449	greg	2.5	if ((-FTINY <= nd.thick) & (nd.thick <= FTINY))
450	greg	2.1	nd.thick = .0;
451			/* check shadow */
452			if (r->crtype & SHADOW) {
453	greg	2.9	if (nd.thick != 0)
454	greg	2.3	raytrans(r); /* pass-through */
455	greg	2.5	return(1); /* or shadow */
456	greg	2.1	}
457	greg	2.5	/* check other rays to pass */
458	greg	2.9	if (nd.thick != 0 && (!(r->crtype & (SPECULAR\|AMBIENT)) \|\|
459			nd.thick > 0 ^ hitfront)) {
460	greg	2.5	raytrans(r); /* hide our proxy */
461	greg	2.1	return(1);
462			}
463	greg	2.5	/* get BSDF data */
464			nd.sd = loadBSDF(m->oargs.sarg[1]);
465	greg	2.1	/* diffuse reflectance */
466	greg	2.6	if (hitfront) {
467	greg	2.1	if (m->oargs.nfargs < 3)
468			setcolor(nd.rdiff, .0, .0, .0);
469			else
470			setcolor(nd.rdiff, m->oargs.farg[0],
471			m->oargs.farg[1],
472			m->oargs.farg[2]);
473			} else {
474			if (m->oargs.nfargs < 6) { /* check invisible backside */
475	greg	2.3	if (!backvis && (nd.sd->rb == NULL) &
476	greg	2.22	(nd.sd->tb == NULL)) {
477	greg	2.1	SDfreeCache(nd.sd);
478			raytrans(r);
479			return(1);
480			}
481			setcolor(nd.rdiff, .0, .0, .0);
482			} else
483			setcolor(nd.rdiff, m->oargs.farg[3],
484			m->oargs.farg[4],
485			m->oargs.farg[5]);
486			}
487			/* diffuse transmittance */
488			if (m->oargs.nfargs < 9)
489			setcolor(nd.tdiff, .0, .0, .0);
490			else
491			setcolor(nd.tdiff, m->oargs.farg[6],
492			m->oargs.farg[7],
493			m->oargs.farg[8]);
494			nd.mp = m;
495			nd.pr = r;
496			/* get modifiers */
497			raytexture(r, m->omod);
498			/* modify diffuse values */
499			multcolor(nd.rdiff, r->pcol);
500			multcolor(nd.tdiff, r->pcol);
501			/* get up vector */
502			upvec[0] = evalue(mf->ep[1]);
503			upvec[1] = evalue(mf->ep[2]);
504			upvec[2] = evalue(mf->ep[3]);
505			/* return to world coords */
506	greg	2.21	if (mf->fxp != &unitxf) {
507			multv3(upvec, upvec, mf->fxp->xfm);
508			nd.thick *= mf->fxp->sca;
509	greg	2.1	}
510	greg	2.23	if (r->rox != NULL) {
511			multv3(upvec, upvec, r->rox->f.xfm);
512			nd.thick *= r->rox->f.sca;
513			}
514	greg	2.1	raynormal(nd.pnorm, r);
515			/* compute local BSDF xform */
516			ec = SDcompXform(nd.toloc, nd.pnorm, upvec);
517			if (!ec) {
518	greg	2.4	nd.vray[0] = -r->rdir[0];
519			nd.vray[1] = -r->rdir[1];
520			nd.vray[2] = -r->rdir[2];
521			ec = SDmapDir(nd.vray, nd.toloc, nd.vray);
522	greg	2.20	}
523			if (!ec)
524			ec = SDinvXform(nd.fromloc, nd.toloc);
525	greg	2.19	if (ec) {
526			objerror(m, WARNING, "Illegal orientation vector");
527			return(1);
528	greg	2.1	}
529	greg	2.4	/* determine BSDF resolution */
530	greg	2.20	ec = SDsizeBSDF(nd.sr_vpsa, nd.vray, NULL, SDqueryMin+SDqueryMax, nd.sd);
531			if (ec)
532			objerror(m, USER, transSDError(ec));
533
534	greg	2.9	nd.sr_vpsa[0] = sqrt(nd.sr_vpsa[0]);
535			nd.sr_vpsa[1] = sqrt(nd.sr_vpsa[1]);
536	greg	2.6	if (!hitfront) { /* perturb normal towards hit */
537	greg	2.1	nd.pnorm[0] = -nd.pnorm[0];
538			nd.pnorm[1] = -nd.pnorm[1];
539			nd.pnorm[2] = -nd.pnorm[2];
540			}
541			/* sample reflection */
542			sample_sdf(&nd, SDsampSpR);
543			/* sample transmission */
544			sample_sdf(&nd, SDsampSpT);
545			/* compute indirect diffuse */
546			copycolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff);
547			addcolor(ctmp, nd.runsamp);
548	greg	2.5	if (bright(ctmp) > FTINY) { /* ambient from reflection */
549	greg	2.6	if (!hitfront)
550	greg	2.1	flipsurface(r);
551			multambient(ctmp, r, nd.pnorm);
552			addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp);
553	greg	2.6	if (!hitfront)
554	greg	2.1	flipsurface(r);
555			}
556			copycolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff);
557			addcolor(ctmp, nd.tunsamp);
558			if (bright(ctmp) > FTINY) { /* ambient from other side */
559			FVECT bnorm;
560	greg	2.6	if (hitfront)
561	greg	2.1	flipsurface(r);
562			bnorm[0] = -nd.pnorm[0];
563			bnorm[1] = -nd.pnorm[1];
564			bnorm[2] = -nd.pnorm[2];
565	greg	2.9	if (nd.thick != 0) { /* proxy with offset? */
566	greg	2.5	VCOPY(vtmp, r->rop);
567	greg	2.18	VSUM(r->rop, vtmp, r->ron, nd.thick);
568	greg	2.5	multambient(ctmp, r, bnorm);
569			VCOPY(r->rop, vtmp);
570			} else
571			multambient(ctmp, r, bnorm);
572	greg	2.1	addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp);
573	greg	2.6	if (hitfront)
574	greg	2.1	flipsurface(r);
575			}
576			/* add direct component */
577	greg	2.22	if ((bright(nd.tdiff) <= FTINY) & (nd.sd->tf == NULL) &
578			(nd.sd->tb == NULL)) {
579	greg	2.5	direct(r, dir_brdf, &nd); /* reflection only */
580	greg	2.9	} else if (nd.thick == 0) {
581	greg	2.5	direct(r, dir_bsdf, &nd); /* thin surface scattering */
582			} else {
583			direct(r, dir_brdf, &nd); /* reflection first */
584			VCOPY(vtmp, r->rop); /* offset for transmitted */
585			VSUM(r->rop, vtmp, r->ron, -nd.thick);
586	greg	2.6	direct(r, dir_btdf, &nd); /* separate transmission */
587	greg	2.5	VCOPY(r->rop, vtmp);
588			}
589	greg	2.1	/* clean up */
590			SDfreeCache(nd.sd);
591			return(1);
592			}