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#ifndef lint |
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static const char RCSid[] = "$Id$"; |
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#endif |
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/* |
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* dielectric.c - shading function for transparent materials. |
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*/ |
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|
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/* ==================================================================== |
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* The Radiance Software License, Version 1.0 |
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* |
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* Copyright (c) 1990 - 2002 The Regents of the University of California, |
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* through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All rights reserved. |
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* |
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without |
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions |
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* are met: |
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* |
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* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright |
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. |
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* |
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* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright |
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in |
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* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the |
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* distribution. |
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* |
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* 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, |
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* if any, must include the following acknowledgment: |
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* "This product includes Radiance software |
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* (http://radsite.lbl.gov/) |
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* developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
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* (http://www.lbl.gov/)." |
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* Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, |
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* if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear. |
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* |
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* 4. The names "Radiance," "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory" |
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* and "The Regents of the University of California" must |
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* not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this |
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* software without prior written permission. For written |
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* permission, please contact [email protected]. |
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* |
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* 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Radiance", |
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* nor may "Radiance" appear in their name, without prior written |
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* permission of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. |
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* |
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED |
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* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES |
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* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE |
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* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory OR |
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* ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, |
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* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT |
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* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF |
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* USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND |
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* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, |
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* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT |
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* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF |
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* SUCH DAMAGE. |
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* ==================================================================== |
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* |
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* This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many |
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* individuals on behalf of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. For more |
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* information on Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, please see |
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* <http://www.lbl.gov/>. |
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*/ |
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|
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#include "ray.h" |
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|
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#include "otypes.h" |
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|
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#ifdef DISPERSE |
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#include "source.h" |
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static disperse(); |
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static int lambda(); |
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#endif |
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|
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/* |
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* Explicit calculations for Fresnel's equation are performed, |
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* but only one square root computation is necessary. |
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* The index of refraction is given as a Hartmann equation |
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* with lambda0 equal to zero. If the slope of Hartmann's |
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* equation is non-zero, the material disperses light upon |
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* refraction. This condition is examined on rays traced to |
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* light sources. If a ray is exiting a dielectric material, we |
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* check the sources to see if any would cause bright color to be |
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* directed to the viewer due to dispersion. This gives colorful |
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* sparkle to crystals, etc. (Only if DISPERSE is defined!) |
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* |
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* Arguments for MAT_DIELECTRIC are: |
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* red grn blu rndx Hartmann |
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* |
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* Arguments for MAT_INTERFACE are: |
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* red1 grn1 blu1 rndx1 red2 grn2 blu2 rndx2 |
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* |
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* The primaries are material transmission per unit length. |
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* MAT_INTERFACE uses dielectric1 for inside and dielectric2 for |
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* outside. |
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*/ |
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|
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|
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#define MLAMBDA 500 /* mean lambda */ |
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#define MAXLAMBDA 779 /* maximum lambda */ |
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#define MINLAMBDA 380 /* minimum lambda */ |
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|
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#define MINCOS 0.997 /* minimum dot product for dispersion */ |
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|
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|
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static double |
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mylog(x) /* special log for extinction coefficients */ |
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double x; |
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{ |
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if (x < 1e-40) |
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return(-100.); |
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if (x >= 1.) |
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return(0.); |
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return(log(x)); |
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} |
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|
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|
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m_dielectric(m, r) /* color a ray which hit a dielectric interface */ |
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OBJREC *m; |
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register RAY *r; |
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{ |
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double cos1, cos2, nratio; |
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COLOR ctrans; |
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COLOR talb; |
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int hastexture; |
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double refl, trans; |
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FVECT dnorm; |
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double d1, d2; |
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RAY p; |
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register int i; |
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|
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if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype==MAT_DIELECTRIC ? 5 : 8)) |
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objerror(m, USER, "bad arguments"); |
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|
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raytexture(r, m->omod); /* get modifiers */ |
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|
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if (hastexture = DOT(r->pert,r->pert) > FTINY*FTINY) |
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cos1 = raynormal(dnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
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else { |
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VCOPY(dnorm, r->ron); |
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cos1 = r->rod; |
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} |
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/* index of refraction */ |
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if (m->otype == MAT_DIELECTRIC) |
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nratio = m->oargs.farg[3] + m->oargs.farg[4]/MLAMBDA; |
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else |
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nratio = m->oargs.farg[3] / m->oargs.farg[7]; |
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|
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if (cos1 < 0.0) { /* inside */ |
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hastexture = -hastexture; |
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cos1 = -cos1; |
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dnorm[0] = -dnorm[0]; |
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dnorm[1] = -dnorm[1]; |
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dnorm[2] = -dnorm[2]; |
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setcolor(r->cext, -mylog(m->oargs.farg[0]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[1]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[2]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
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setcolor(r->albedo, 0., 0., 0.); |
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r->gecc = 0.; |
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if (m->otype == MAT_INTERFACE) { |
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setcolor(ctrans, |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[4]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[5]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[6]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
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setcolor(talb, 0., 0., 0.); |
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} else { |
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copycolor(ctrans, cextinction); |
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copycolor(talb, salbedo); |
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} |
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} else { /* outside */ |
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nratio = 1.0 / nratio; |
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|
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setcolor(ctrans, -mylog(m->oargs.farg[0]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[1]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[2]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
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setcolor(talb, 0., 0., 0.); |
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if (m->otype == MAT_INTERFACE) { |
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setcolor(r->cext, |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[4]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[5]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[6]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
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setcolor(r->albedo, 0., 0., 0.); |
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r->gecc = 0.; |
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} |
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} |
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|
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d2 = 1.0 - nratio*nratio*(1.0 - cos1*cos1); /* compute cos theta2 */ |
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|
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if (d2 < FTINY) /* total reflection */ |
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|
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refl = 1.0; |
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|
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else { /* refraction occurs */ |
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/* compute Fresnel's equations */ |
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cos2 = sqrt(d2); |
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d1 = cos1; |
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d2 = nratio*cos2; |
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d1 = (d1 - d2) / (d1 + d2); |
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refl = d1 * d1; |
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|
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d1 = 1.0 / cos1; |
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d2 = nratio / cos2; |
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d1 = (d1 - d2) / (d1 + d2); |
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refl += d1 * d1; |
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|
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refl *= 0.5; |
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trans = 1.0 - refl; |
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|
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trans *= nratio*nratio; /* solid angle ratio */ |
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|
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if (rayorigin(&p, r, REFRACTED, trans) == 0) { |
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|
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/* compute refracted ray */ |
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d1 = nratio*cos1 - cos2; |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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p.rdir[i] = nratio*r->rdir[i] + d1*dnorm[i]; |
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/* accidental reflection? */ |
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if (hastexture && |
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DOT(p.rdir,r->ron)*hastexture >= -FTINY) { |
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d1 *= (double)hastexture; |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* ignore texture */ |
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p.rdir[i] = nratio*r->rdir[i] + |
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d1*r->ron[i]; |
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normalize(p.rdir); /* not exact */ |
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} |
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#ifdef DISPERSE |
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if (m->otype != MAT_DIELECTRIC |
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|| r->rod > 0.0 |
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|| r->crtype & SHADOW |
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|| !directvis |
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|| m->oargs.farg[4] == 0.0 |
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|| !disperse(m, r, p.rdir, |
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trans, ctrans, talb)) |
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#endif |
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{ |
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copycolor(p.cext, ctrans); |
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copycolor(p.albedo, talb); |
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rayvalue(&p); |
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scalecolor(p.rcol, trans); |
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addcolor(r->rcol, p.rcol); |
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if (nratio >= 1.0-FTINY && nratio <= 1.0+FTINY) |
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r->rt = r->rot + p.rt; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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|
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if (!(r->crtype & SHADOW) && |
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rayorigin(&p, r, REFLECTED, refl) == 0) { |
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|
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/* compute reflected ray */ |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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p.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*cos1*dnorm[i]; |
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/* accidental penetration? */ |
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if (hastexture && DOT(p.rdir,r->ron)*hastexture <= FTINY) |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* ignore texture */ |
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p.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*r->rod*r->ron[i]; |
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|
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rayvalue(&p); /* reflected ray value */ |
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|
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scalecolor(p.rcol, refl); /* color contribution */ |
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addcolor(r->rcol, p.rcol); |
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} |
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/* rayvalue() computes absorption */ |
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return(1); |
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} |
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|
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|
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#ifdef DISPERSE |
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|
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static |
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disperse(m, r, vt, tr, cet, abt) /* check light sources for dispersion */ |
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OBJREC *m; |
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RAY *r; |
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FVECT vt; |
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double tr; |
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COLOR cet, abt; |
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{ |
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RAY sray, *entray; |
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FVECT v1, v2, n1, n2; |
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FVECT dv, v2Xdv; |
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double v2Xdvv2Xdv; |
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int success = 0; |
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SRCINDEX si; |
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FVECT vtmp1, vtmp2; |
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double dtmp1, dtmp2; |
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int l1, l2; |
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COLOR ctmp; |
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int i; |
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|
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/* |
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* This routine computes dispersion to the first order using |
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* the following assumptions: |
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* |
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* 1) The dependency of the index of refraction on wavelength |
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* is approximated by Hartmann's equation with lambda0 |
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* equal to zero. |
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* 2) The entry and exit locations are constant with respect |
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* to dispersion. |
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* |
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* The second assumption permits us to model dispersion without |
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* having to sample refracted directions. We assume that the |
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* geometry inside the material is constant, and concern ourselves |
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* only with the relationship between the entering and exiting ray. |
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* We compute the first derivatives of the entering and exiting |
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* refraction with respect to the index of refraction. This |
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* is then used in a first order Taylor series to determine the |
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* index of refraction necessary to send the exiting ray to each |
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* light source. |
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* If an exiting ray hits a light source within the refraction |
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* boundaries, we sum all the frequencies over the disc of the |
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* light source to determine the resulting color. A smaller light |
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* source will therefore exhibit a sharper spectrum. |
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*/ |
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|
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if (!(r->crtype & REFRACTED)) { /* ray started in material */ |
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VCOPY(v1, r->rdir); |
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n1[0] = -r->rdir[0]; n1[1] = -r->rdir[1]; n1[2] = -r->rdir[2]; |
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} else { |
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/* find entry point */ |
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for (entray = r; entray->rtype != REFRACTED; |
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entray = entray->parent) |
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; |
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entray = entray->parent; |
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if (entray->crtype & REFRACTED) /* too difficult */ |
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return(0); |
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VCOPY(v1, entray->rdir); |
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VCOPY(n1, entray->ron); |
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} |
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VCOPY(v2, vt); /* exiting ray */ |
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VCOPY(n2, r->ron); |
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|
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/* first order dispersion approx. */ |
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dtmp1 = DOT(n1, v1); |
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dtmp2 = DOT(n2, v2); |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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dv[i] = v1[i] + v2[i] - n1[i]/dtmp1 - n2[i]/dtmp2; |
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|
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if (DOT(dv, dv) <= FTINY) /* null effect */ |
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return(0); |
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/* compute plane normal */ |
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fcross(v2Xdv, v2, dv); |
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v2Xdvv2Xdv = DOT(v2Xdv, v2Xdv); |
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|
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/* check sources */ |
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initsrcindex(&si); |
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while (srcray(&sray, r, &si)) { |
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|
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if (DOT(sray.rdir, v2) < MINCOS) |
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continue; /* bad source */ |
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/* adjust source ray */ |
| 351 |
|
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dtmp1 = DOT(v2Xdv, sray.rdir) / v2Xdvv2Xdv; |
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sray.rdir[0] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[0]; |
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sray.rdir[1] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[1]; |
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sray.rdir[2] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[2]; |
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|
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l1 = lambda(m, v2, dv, sray.rdir); /* mean lambda */ |
| 358 |
|
| 359 |
if (l1 > MAXLAMBDA || l1 < MINLAMBDA) /* not visible */ |
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continue; |
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/* trace source ray */ |
| 362 |
copycolor(sray.cext, cet); |
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copycolor(sray.albedo, abt); |
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normalize(sray.rdir); |
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rayvalue(&sray); |
| 366 |
if (bright(sray.rcol) <= FTINY) /* missed it */ |
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continue; |
| 368 |
|
| 369 |
/* |
| 370 |
* Compute spectral sum over diameter of source. |
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* First find directions for rays going to opposite |
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* sides of source, then compute wavelengths for each. |
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*/ |
| 374 |
|
| 375 |
fcross(vtmp1, v2Xdv, sray.rdir); |
| 376 |
dtmp1 = sqrt(si.dom / v2Xdvv2Xdv / PI); |
| 377 |
|
| 378 |
/* compute first ray */ |
| 379 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 380 |
vtmp2[i] = sray.rdir[i] + dtmp1*vtmp1[i]; |
| 381 |
|
| 382 |
l1 = lambda(m, v2, dv, vtmp2); /* first lambda */ |
| 383 |
if (l1 < 0) |
| 384 |
continue; |
| 385 |
/* compute second ray */ |
| 386 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 387 |
vtmp2[i] = sray.rdir[i] - dtmp1*vtmp1[i]; |
| 388 |
|
| 389 |
l2 = lambda(m, v2, dv, vtmp2); /* second lambda */ |
| 390 |
if (l2 < 0) |
| 391 |
continue; |
| 392 |
/* compute color from spectrum */ |
| 393 |
if (l1 < l2) |
| 394 |
spec_rgb(ctmp, l1, l2); |
| 395 |
else |
| 396 |
spec_rgb(ctmp, l2, l1); |
| 397 |
multcolor(ctmp, sray.rcol); |
| 398 |
scalecolor(ctmp, tr); |
| 399 |
addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); |
| 400 |
success++; |
| 401 |
} |
| 402 |
return(success); |
| 403 |
} |
| 404 |
|
| 405 |
|
| 406 |
static int |
| 407 |
lambda(m, v2, dv, lr) /* compute lambda for material */ |
| 408 |
register OBJREC *m; |
| 409 |
FVECT v2, dv, lr; |
| 410 |
{ |
| 411 |
FVECT lrXdv, v2Xlr; |
| 412 |
double dtmp, denom; |
| 413 |
int i; |
| 414 |
|
| 415 |
fcross(lrXdv, lr, dv); |
| 416 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 417 |
if (lrXdv[i] > FTINY || lrXdv[i] < -FTINY) |
| 418 |
break; |
| 419 |
if (i >= 3) |
| 420 |
return(-1); |
| 421 |
|
| 422 |
fcross(v2Xlr, v2, lr); |
| 423 |
|
| 424 |
dtmp = m->oargs.farg[4] / MLAMBDA; |
| 425 |
denom = dtmp + v2Xlr[i]/lrXdv[i] * (m->oargs.farg[3] + dtmp); |
| 426 |
|
| 427 |
if (denom < FTINY) |
| 428 |
return(-1); |
| 429 |
|
| 430 |
return(m->oargs.farg[4] / denom); |
| 431 |
} |
| 432 |
|
| 433 |
#endif /* DISPERSE */ |
