1 |
greg |
1.1 |
#ifndef lint |
2 |
schorsch |
2.17 |
static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: dielectric.c,v 2.16 2003/02/25 02:47:22 greg Exp $"; |
3 |
greg |
1.1 |
#endif |
4 |
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/* |
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* dielectric.c - shading function for transparent materials. |
6 |
greg |
2.15 |
*/ |
7 |
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8 |
greg |
2.16 |
#include "copyright.h" |
9 |
greg |
1.1 |
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#include "ray.h" |
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#include "otypes.h" |
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#ifdef DISPERSE |
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#include "source.h" |
16 |
greg |
2.5 |
static disperse(); |
17 |
greg |
2.6 |
static int lambda(); |
18 |
greg |
1.1 |
#endif |
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20 |
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/* |
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* Explicit calculations for Fresnel's equation are performed, |
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* but only one square root computation is necessary. |
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* The index of refraction is given as a Hartmann equation |
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* with lambda0 equal to zero. If the slope of Hartmann's |
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* equation is non-zero, the material disperses light upon |
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* refraction. This condition is examined on rays traced to |
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* light sources. If a ray is exiting a dielectric material, we |
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* check the sources to see if any would cause bright color to be |
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* directed to the viewer due to dispersion. This gives colorful |
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* sparkle to crystals, etc. (Only if DISPERSE is defined!) |
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* |
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* Arguments for MAT_DIELECTRIC are: |
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* red grn blu rndx Hartmann |
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* |
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* Arguments for MAT_INTERFACE are: |
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* red1 grn1 blu1 rndx1 red2 grn2 blu2 rndx2 |
37 |
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* |
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* The primaries are material transmission per unit length. |
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* MAT_INTERFACE uses dielectric1 for inside and dielectric2 for |
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* outside. |
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*/ |
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#define MLAMBDA 500 /* mean lambda */ |
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#define MAXLAMBDA 779 /* maximum lambda */ |
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#define MINLAMBDA 380 /* minimum lambda */ |
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48 |
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#define MINCOS 0.997 /* minimum dot product for dispersion */ |
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50 |
greg |
2.9 |
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51 |
greg |
2.10 |
static double |
52 |
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mylog(x) /* special log for extinction coefficients */ |
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double x; |
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{ |
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if (x < 1e-40) |
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return(-100.); |
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if (x >= 1.) |
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return(0.); |
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return(log(x)); |
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} |
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greg |
2.9 |
m_dielectric(m, r) /* color a ray which hit a dielectric interface */ |
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greg |
1.1 |
OBJREC *m; |
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register RAY *r; |
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{ |
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double cos1, cos2, nratio; |
68 |
greg |
2.9 |
COLOR ctrans; |
69 |
greg |
2.11 |
COLOR talb; |
70 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
int hastexture; |
71 |
greg |
1.5 |
double refl, trans; |
72 |
greg |
1.1 |
FVECT dnorm; |
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double d1, d2; |
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RAY p; |
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register int i; |
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if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype==MAT_DIELECTRIC ? 5 : 8)) |
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objerror(m, USER, "bad arguments"); |
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raytexture(r, m->omod); /* get modifiers */ |
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schorsch |
2.17 |
if ( (hastexture = DOT(r->pert,r->pert) > FTINY*FTINY) ) |
83 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
cos1 = raynormal(dnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
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else { |
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VCOPY(dnorm, r->ron); |
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cos1 = r->rod; |
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} |
88 |
greg |
1.1 |
/* index of refraction */ |
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if (m->otype == MAT_DIELECTRIC) |
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nratio = m->oargs.farg[3] + m->oargs.farg[4]/MLAMBDA; |
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else |
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nratio = m->oargs.farg[3] / m->oargs.farg[7]; |
93 |
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if (cos1 < 0.0) { /* inside */ |
95 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
hastexture = -hastexture; |
96 |
greg |
1.1 |
cos1 = -cos1; |
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dnorm[0] = -dnorm[0]; |
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dnorm[1] = -dnorm[1]; |
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dnorm[2] = -dnorm[2]; |
100 |
greg |
2.10 |
setcolor(r->cext, -mylog(m->oargs.farg[0]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[1]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[2]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
103 |
greg |
2.11 |
setcolor(r->albedo, 0., 0., 0.); |
104 |
greg |
2.9 |
r->gecc = 0.; |
105 |
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if (m->otype == MAT_INTERFACE) { |
106 |
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setcolor(ctrans, |
107 |
greg |
2.10 |
-mylog(m->oargs.farg[4]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[5]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[6]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
110 |
greg |
2.11 |
setcolor(talb, 0., 0., 0.); |
111 |
greg |
2.9 |
} else { |
112 |
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copycolor(ctrans, cextinction); |
113 |
greg |
2.11 |
copycolor(talb, salbedo); |
114 |
greg |
2.9 |
} |
115 |
greg |
1.1 |
} else { /* outside */ |
116 |
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nratio = 1.0 / nratio; |
117 |
greg |
2.9 |
|
118 |
greg |
2.10 |
setcolor(ctrans, -mylog(m->oargs.farg[0]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[1]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[2]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
121 |
greg |
2.11 |
setcolor(talb, 0., 0., 0.); |
122 |
greg |
2.9 |
if (m->otype == MAT_INTERFACE) { |
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setcolor(r->cext, |
124 |
greg |
2.10 |
-mylog(m->oargs.farg[4]*colval(r->pcol,RED)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[5]*colval(r->pcol,GRN)), |
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-mylog(m->oargs.farg[6]*colval(r->pcol,BLU))); |
127 |
greg |
2.11 |
setcolor(r->albedo, 0., 0., 0.); |
128 |
greg |
2.9 |
r->gecc = 0.; |
129 |
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} |
130 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
131 |
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132 |
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d2 = 1.0 - nratio*nratio*(1.0 - cos1*cos1); /* compute cos theta2 */ |
133 |
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134 |
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if (d2 < FTINY) /* total reflection */ |
135 |
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136 |
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refl = 1.0; |
137 |
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138 |
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else { /* refraction occurs */ |
139 |
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/* compute Fresnel's equations */ |
140 |
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cos2 = sqrt(d2); |
141 |
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d1 = cos1; |
142 |
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d2 = nratio*cos2; |
143 |
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d1 = (d1 - d2) / (d1 + d2); |
144 |
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refl = d1 * d1; |
145 |
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146 |
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d1 = 1.0 / cos1; |
147 |
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d2 = nratio / cos2; |
148 |
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d1 = (d1 - d2) / (d1 + d2); |
149 |
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refl += d1 * d1; |
150 |
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151 |
greg |
2.9 |
refl *= 0.5; |
152 |
greg |
1.1 |
trans = 1.0 - refl; |
153 |
greg |
2.15 |
|
154 |
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trans *= nratio*nratio; /* solid angle ratio */ |
155 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
156 |
gwlarson |
2.13 |
if (rayorigin(&p, r, REFRACTED, trans) == 0) { |
157 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
158 |
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/* compute refracted ray */ |
159 |
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d1 = nratio*cos1 - cos2; |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
161 |
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p.rdir[i] = nratio*r->rdir[i] + d1*dnorm[i]; |
162 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
/* accidental reflection? */ |
163 |
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if (hastexture && |
164 |
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DOT(p.rdir,r->ron)*hastexture >= -FTINY) { |
165 |
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d1 *= (double)hastexture; |
166 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* ignore texture */ |
167 |
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p.rdir[i] = nratio*r->rdir[i] + |
168 |
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d1*r->ron[i]; |
169 |
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normalize(p.rdir); /* not exact */ |
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} |
171 |
greg |
1.1 |
#ifdef DISPERSE |
172 |
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if (m->otype != MAT_DIELECTRIC |
173 |
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|| r->rod > 0.0 |
174 |
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|| r->crtype & SHADOW |
175 |
greg |
2.3 |
|| !directvis |
176 |
greg |
1.1 |
|| m->oargs.farg[4] == 0.0 |
177 |
greg |
2.12 |
|| !disperse(m, r, p.rdir, |
178 |
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trans, ctrans, talb)) |
179 |
greg |
1.1 |
#endif |
180 |
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{ |
181 |
greg |
2.9 |
copycolor(p.cext, ctrans); |
182 |
greg |
2.11 |
copycolor(p.albedo, talb); |
183 |
greg |
1.1 |
rayvalue(&p); |
184 |
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scalecolor(p.rcol, trans); |
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addcolor(r->rcol, p.rcol); |
186 |
greg |
2.4 |
if (nratio >= 1.0-FTINY && nratio <= 1.0+FTINY) |
187 |
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r->rt = r->rot + p.rt; |
188 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
189 |
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} |
190 |
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} |
191 |
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192 |
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if (!(r->crtype & SHADOW) && |
193 |
gwlarson |
2.13 |
rayorigin(&p, r, REFLECTED, refl) == 0) { |
194 |
greg |
1.1 |
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195 |
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/* compute reflected ray */ |
196 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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p.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*cos1*dnorm[i]; |
198 |
gwlarson |
2.14 |
/* accidental penetration? */ |
199 |
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if (hastexture && DOT(p.rdir,r->ron)*hastexture <= FTINY) |
200 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* ignore texture */ |
201 |
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p.rdir[i] = r->rdir[i] + 2.0*r->rod*r->ron[i]; |
202 |
greg |
1.1 |
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203 |
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rayvalue(&p); /* reflected ray value */ |
204 |
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205 |
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scalecolor(p.rcol, refl); /* color contribution */ |
206 |
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addcolor(r->rcol, p.rcol); |
207 |
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} |
208 |
greg |
2.9 |
/* rayvalue() computes absorption */ |
209 |
greg |
2.7 |
return(1); |
210 |
greg |
1.1 |
} |
211 |
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212 |
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213 |
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#ifdef DISPERSE |
214 |
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215 |
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static |
216 |
greg |
2.12 |
disperse(m, r, vt, tr, cet, abt) /* check light sources for dispersion */ |
217 |
greg |
1.1 |
OBJREC *m; |
218 |
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RAY *r; |
219 |
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FVECT vt; |
220 |
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double tr; |
221 |
greg |
2.12 |
COLOR cet, abt; |
222 |
greg |
1.1 |
{ |
223 |
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RAY sray, *entray; |
224 |
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FVECT v1, v2, n1, n2; |
225 |
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FVECT dv, v2Xdv; |
226 |
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double v2Xdvv2Xdv; |
227 |
greg |
1.7 |
int success = 0; |
228 |
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SRCINDEX si; |
229 |
greg |
1.1 |
FVECT vtmp1, vtmp2; |
230 |
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double dtmp1, dtmp2; |
231 |
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int l1, l2; |
232 |
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COLOR ctmp; |
233 |
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int i; |
234 |
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235 |
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/* |
236 |
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* This routine computes dispersion to the first order using |
237 |
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* the following assumptions: |
238 |
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* |
239 |
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* 1) The dependency of the index of refraction on wavelength |
240 |
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* is approximated by Hartmann's equation with lambda0 |
241 |
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* equal to zero. |
242 |
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* 2) The entry and exit locations are constant with respect |
243 |
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* to dispersion. |
244 |
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* |
245 |
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* The second assumption permits us to model dispersion without |
246 |
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* having to sample refracted directions. We assume that the |
247 |
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* geometry inside the material is constant, and concern ourselves |
248 |
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* only with the relationship between the entering and exiting ray. |
249 |
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* We compute the first derivatives of the entering and exiting |
250 |
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* refraction with respect to the index of refraction. This |
251 |
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* is then used in a first order Taylor series to determine the |
252 |
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* index of refraction necessary to send the exiting ray to each |
253 |
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* light source. |
254 |
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* If an exiting ray hits a light source within the refraction |
255 |
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* boundaries, we sum all the frequencies over the disc of the |
256 |
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* light source to determine the resulting color. A smaller light |
257 |
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* source will therefore exhibit a sharper spectrum. |
258 |
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*/ |
259 |
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260 |
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if (!(r->crtype & REFRACTED)) { /* ray started in material */ |
261 |
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VCOPY(v1, r->rdir); |
262 |
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n1[0] = -r->rdir[0]; n1[1] = -r->rdir[1]; n1[2] = -r->rdir[2]; |
263 |
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} else { |
264 |
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/* find entry point */ |
265 |
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for (entray = r; entray->rtype != REFRACTED; |
266 |
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entray = entray->parent) |
267 |
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; |
268 |
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entray = entray->parent; |
269 |
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if (entray->crtype & REFRACTED) /* too difficult */ |
270 |
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return(0); |
271 |
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VCOPY(v1, entray->rdir); |
272 |
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VCOPY(n1, entray->ron); |
273 |
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} |
274 |
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VCOPY(v2, vt); /* exiting ray */ |
275 |
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VCOPY(n2, r->ron); |
276 |
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277 |
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/* first order dispersion approx. */ |
278 |
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dtmp1 = DOT(n1, v1); |
279 |
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dtmp2 = DOT(n2, v2); |
280 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
281 |
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dv[i] = v1[i] + v2[i] - n1[i]/dtmp1 - n2[i]/dtmp2; |
282 |
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283 |
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if (DOT(dv, dv) <= FTINY) /* null effect */ |
284 |
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return(0); |
285 |
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/* compute plane normal */ |
286 |
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fcross(v2Xdv, v2, dv); |
287 |
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v2Xdvv2Xdv = DOT(v2Xdv, v2Xdv); |
288 |
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289 |
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/* check sources */ |
290 |
greg |
1.7 |
initsrcindex(&si); |
291 |
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while (srcray(&sray, r, &si)) { |
292 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
293 |
greg |
1.7 |
if (DOT(sray.rdir, v2) < MINCOS) |
294 |
greg |
1.1 |
continue; /* bad source */ |
295 |
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/* adjust source ray */ |
296 |
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297 |
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dtmp1 = DOT(v2Xdv, sray.rdir) / v2Xdvv2Xdv; |
298 |
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sray.rdir[0] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[0]; |
299 |
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sray.rdir[1] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[1]; |
300 |
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sray.rdir[2] -= dtmp1 * v2Xdv[2]; |
301 |
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302 |
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l1 = lambda(m, v2, dv, sray.rdir); /* mean lambda */ |
303 |
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304 |
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if (l1 > MAXLAMBDA || l1 < MINLAMBDA) /* not visible */ |
305 |
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continue; |
306 |
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/* trace source ray */ |
307 |
greg |
2.12 |
copycolor(sray.cext, cet); |
308 |
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copycolor(sray.albedo, abt); |
309 |
greg |
1.1 |
normalize(sray.rdir); |
310 |
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rayvalue(&sray); |
311 |
greg |
1.2 |
if (bright(sray.rcol) <= FTINY) /* missed it */ |
312 |
greg |
1.1 |
continue; |
313 |
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314 |
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/* |
315 |
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* Compute spectral sum over diameter of source. |
316 |
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* First find directions for rays going to opposite |
317 |
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* sides of source, then compute wavelengths for each. |
318 |
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*/ |
319 |
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320 |
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fcross(vtmp1, v2Xdv, sray.rdir); |
321 |
greg |
1.7 |
dtmp1 = sqrt(si.dom / v2Xdvv2Xdv / PI); |
322 |
greg |
1.1 |
|
323 |
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/* compute first ray */ |
324 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
325 |
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vtmp2[i] = sray.rdir[i] + dtmp1*vtmp1[i]; |
326 |
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327 |
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l1 = lambda(m, v2, dv, vtmp2); /* first lambda */ |
328 |
|
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if (l1 < 0) |
329 |
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continue; |
330 |
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/* compute second ray */ |
331 |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
332 |
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vtmp2[i] = sray.rdir[i] - dtmp1*vtmp1[i]; |
333 |
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334 |
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l2 = lambda(m, v2, dv, vtmp2); /* second lambda */ |
335 |
|
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if (l2 < 0) |
336 |
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continue; |
337 |
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/* compute color from spectrum */ |
338 |
|
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if (l1 < l2) |
339 |
|
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spec_rgb(ctmp, l1, l2); |
340 |
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else |
341 |
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spec_rgb(ctmp, l2, l1); |
342 |
|
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multcolor(ctmp, sray.rcol); |
343 |
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scalecolor(ctmp, tr); |
344 |
|
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addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); |
345 |
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success++; |
346 |
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} |
347 |
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return(success); |
348 |
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} |
349 |
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350 |
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351 |
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static int |
352 |
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lambda(m, v2, dv, lr) /* compute lambda for material */ |
353 |
|
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register OBJREC *m; |
354 |
|
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FVECT v2, dv, lr; |
355 |
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{ |
356 |
|
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FVECT lrXdv, v2Xlr; |
357 |
|
|
double dtmp, denom; |
358 |
|
|
int i; |
359 |
|
|
|
360 |
|
|
fcross(lrXdv, lr, dv); |
361 |
|
|
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
362 |
|
|
if (lrXdv[i] > FTINY || lrXdv[i] < -FTINY) |
363 |
|
|
break; |
364 |
|
|
if (i >= 3) |
365 |
|
|
return(-1); |
366 |
|
|
|
367 |
|
|
fcross(v2Xlr, v2, lr); |
368 |
|
|
|
369 |
|
|
dtmp = m->oargs.farg[4] / MLAMBDA; |
370 |
|
|
denom = dtmp + v2Xlr[i]/lrXdv[i] * (m->oargs.farg[3] + dtmp); |
371 |
|
|
|
372 |
|
|
if (denom < FTINY) |
373 |
|
|
return(-1); |
374 |
|
|
|
375 |
|
|
return(m->oargs.farg[4] / denom); |
376 |
|
|
} |
377 |
|
|
|
378 |
|
|
#endif /* DISPERSE */ |