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#ifndef lint |
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static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: aniso.c,v 2.56 2014/01/25 18:27:39 greg Exp $"; |
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#endif |
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/* |
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* Shading functions for anisotropic materials. |
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*/ |
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|
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#include "copyright.h" |
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|
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#include "ray.h" |
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#include "ambient.h" |
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#include "otypes.h" |
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#include "rtotypes.h" |
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#include "source.h" |
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#include "func.h" |
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#include "random.h" |
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|
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#ifndef MAXITER |
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#define MAXITER 10 /* maximum # specular ray attempts */ |
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#endif |
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|
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/* |
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* This routine implements the anisotropic Gaussian |
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* model described by Ward in Siggraph `92 article, updated with |
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* normalization and sampling adjustments due to Geisler-Moroder and Duer. |
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* We orient the surface towards the incoming ray, so a single |
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* surface can be used to represent an infinitely thin object. |
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* |
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* Arguments for MAT_PLASTIC2 and MAT_METAL2 are: |
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* 4+ ux uy uz funcfile [transform...] |
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* 0 |
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* 6 red grn blu specular-frac. u-rough v-rough |
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* |
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* Real arguments for MAT_TRANS2 are: |
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* 8 red grn blu rspec u-rough v-rough trans tspec |
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*/ |
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|
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/* specularity flags */ |
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#define SP_REFL 01 /* has reflected specular component */ |
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#define SP_TRAN 02 /* has transmitted specular */ |
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#define SP_FLAT 04 /* reflecting surface is flat */ |
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#define SP_RBLT 010 /* reflection below sample threshold */ |
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#define SP_TBLT 020 /* transmission below threshold */ |
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|
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typedef struct { |
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OBJREC *mp; /* material pointer */ |
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RAY *rp; /* ray pointer */ |
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short specfl; /* specularity flags, defined above */ |
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COLOR mcolor; /* color of this material */ |
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COLOR scolor; /* color of specular component */ |
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FVECT vrefl; /* vector in reflected direction */ |
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FVECT prdir; /* vector in transmitted direction */ |
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FVECT u, v; /* u and v vectors orienting anisotropy */ |
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double u_alpha; /* u roughness */ |
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double v_alpha; /* v roughness */ |
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double rdiff, rspec; /* reflected specular, diffuse */ |
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double trans; /* transmissivity */ |
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double tdiff, tspec; /* transmitted specular, diffuse */ |
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FVECT pnorm; /* perturbed surface normal */ |
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double pdot; /* perturbed dot product */ |
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} ANISODAT; /* anisotropic material data */ |
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|
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static void getacoords(ANISODAT *np); |
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static void agaussamp(ANISODAT *np); |
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|
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|
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static void |
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diraniso( /* compute source contribution */ |
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COLOR cval, /* returned coefficient */ |
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void *nnp, /* material data */ |
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FVECT ldir, /* light source direction */ |
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double omega /* light source size */ |
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) |
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{ |
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ANISODAT *np = nnp; |
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double ldot; |
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double dtmp, dtmp1, dtmp2; |
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FVECT h; |
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double au2, av2; |
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COLOR ctmp; |
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|
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setcolor(cval, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); |
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|
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ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir); |
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|
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if (ldot < 0.0 ? np->trans <= FTINY : np->trans >= 1.0-FTINY) |
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return; /* wrong side */ |
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|
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if ((ldot > FTINY) & (np->rdiff > FTINY)) { |
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/* |
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* Compute and add diffuse reflected component to returned |
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* color. The diffuse reflected component will always be |
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* modified by the color of the material. |
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*/ |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor); |
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dtmp = ldot * omega * np->rdiff * (1.0/PI); |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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if (ldot > FTINY && np->specfl&SP_REFL) { |
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/* |
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* Compute specular reflection coefficient using |
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* anisotropic Gaussian distribution model. |
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*/ |
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/* add source width if flat */ |
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if (np->specfl & SP_FLAT) |
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au2 = av2 = omega * (0.25/PI); |
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else |
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au2 = av2 = 0.0; |
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au2 += np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha; |
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av2 += np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha; |
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/* half vector */ |
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VSUB(h, ldir, np->rp->rdir); |
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/* ellipse */ |
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dtmp1 = DOT(np->u, h); |
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dtmp1 *= dtmp1 / au2; |
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dtmp2 = DOT(np->v, h); |
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dtmp2 *= dtmp2 / av2; |
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/* new W-G-M-D model */ |
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dtmp = DOT(np->pnorm, h); |
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dtmp *= dtmp; |
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dtmp1 = (dtmp1 + dtmp2) / dtmp; |
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dtmp = exp(-dtmp1) * DOT(h,h) / |
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(PI * dtmp*dtmp * sqrt(au2*av2)); |
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/* worth using? */ |
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if (dtmp > FTINY) { |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->scolor); |
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dtmp *= ldot * omega; |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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} |
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if ((ldot < -FTINY) & (np->tdiff > FTINY)) { |
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/* |
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* Compute diffuse transmission. |
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*/ |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor); |
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dtmp = -ldot * omega * np->tdiff * (1.0/PI); |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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if (ldot < -FTINY && np->specfl&SP_TRAN) { |
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/* |
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* Compute specular transmission. Specular transmission |
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* is always modified by material color. |
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*/ |
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/* roughness + source */ |
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au2 = av2 = omega * (1.0/PI); |
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au2 += np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha; |
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av2 += np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha; |
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/* "half vector" */ |
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VSUB(h, ldir, np->prdir); |
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dtmp = DOT(h,h); |
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if (dtmp > FTINY*FTINY) { |
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dtmp1 = DOT(h,np->pnorm); |
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dtmp = 1.0 - dtmp1*dtmp1/dtmp; |
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if (dtmp > FTINY*FTINY) { |
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dtmp1 = DOT(h,np->u); |
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dtmp1 *= dtmp1 / au2; |
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dtmp2 = DOT(h,np->v); |
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dtmp2 *= dtmp2 / av2; |
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dtmp = (dtmp1 + dtmp2) / dtmp; |
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} |
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} else |
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dtmp = 0.0; |
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/* Gaussian */ |
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dtmp = exp(-dtmp) * (1.0/PI) * sqrt(-ldot/(np->pdot*au2*av2)); |
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/* worth using? */ |
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if (dtmp > FTINY) { |
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copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor); |
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dtmp *= np->tspec * omega; |
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scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp); |
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addcolor(cval, ctmp); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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|
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|
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int |
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m_aniso( /* shade ray that hit something anisotropic */ |
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OBJREC *m, |
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RAY *r |
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) |
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{ |
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ANISODAT nd; |
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COLOR ctmp; |
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int i; |
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/* easy shadow test */ |
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if (r->crtype & SHADOW) |
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return(1); |
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|
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if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype == MAT_TRANS2 ? 8 : 6)) |
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objerror(m, USER, "bad number of real arguments"); |
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/* check for back side */ |
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if (r->rod < 0.0) { |
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if (!backvis) { |
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raytrans(r); |
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return(1); |
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} |
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raytexture(r, m->omod); |
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flipsurface(r); /* reorient if backvis */ |
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} else |
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raytexture(r, m->omod); |
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/* get material color */ |
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nd.mp = m; |
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nd.rp = r; |
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setcolor(nd.mcolor, m->oargs.farg[0], |
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m->oargs.farg[1], |
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m->oargs.farg[2]); |
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/* get roughness */ |
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nd.specfl = 0; |
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nd.u_alpha = m->oargs.farg[4]; |
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nd.v_alpha = m->oargs.farg[5]; |
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if ((nd.u_alpha <= FTINY) | (nd.v_alpha <= FTINY)) |
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objerror(m, USER, "roughness too small"); |
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|
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nd.pdot = raynormal(nd.pnorm, r); /* perturb normal */ |
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if (nd.pdot < .001) |
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nd.pdot = .001; /* non-zero for diraniso() */ |
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multcolor(nd.mcolor, r->pcol); /* modify material color */ |
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/* get specular component */ |
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if ((nd.rspec = m->oargs.farg[3]) > FTINY) { |
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nd.specfl |= SP_REFL; |
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/* compute specular color */ |
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if (m->otype == MAT_METAL2) |
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copycolor(nd.scolor, nd.mcolor); |
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else |
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setcolor(nd.scolor, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); |
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scalecolor(nd.scolor, nd.rspec); |
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/* check threshold */ |
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if (specthresh >= nd.rspec-FTINY) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_RBLT; |
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/* compute refl. direction */ |
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VSUM(nd.vrefl, r->rdir, nd.pnorm, 2.0*nd.pdot); |
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if (DOT(nd.vrefl, r->ron) <= FTINY) /* penetration? */ |
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VSUM(nd.vrefl, r->rdir, r->ron, 2.0*r->rod); |
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} |
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/* compute transmission */ |
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if (m->otype == MAT_TRANS2) { |
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nd.trans = m->oargs.farg[6]*(1.0 - nd.rspec); |
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nd.tspec = nd.trans * m->oargs.farg[7]; |
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nd.tdiff = nd.trans - nd.tspec; |
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if (nd.tspec > FTINY) { |
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nd.specfl |= SP_TRAN; |
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/* check threshold */ |
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if (specthresh >= nd.tspec-FTINY) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_TBLT; |
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if (DOT(r->pert,r->pert) <= FTINY*FTINY) { |
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VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir); |
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} else { |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* perturb */ |
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nd.prdir[i] = r->rdir[i] - r->pert[i]; |
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if (DOT(nd.prdir, r->ron) < -FTINY) |
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normalize(nd.prdir); /* OK */ |
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else |
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VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir); |
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} |
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} |
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} else |
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nd.tdiff = nd.tspec = nd.trans = 0.0; |
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|
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/* diffuse reflection */ |
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nd.rdiff = 1.0 - nd.trans - nd.rspec; |
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|
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if (r->ro != NULL && isflat(r->ro->otype)) |
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nd.specfl |= SP_FLAT; |
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|
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getacoords(&nd); /* set up coordinates */ |
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|
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if (nd.specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_TRAN)) |
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agaussamp(&nd); |
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|
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if (nd.rdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from this side */ |
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copycolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by material color */ |
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scalecolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff); |
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if (nd.specfl & SP_RBLT) /* add in specular as well? */ |
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addcolor(ctmp, nd.scolor); |
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multambient(ctmp, r, nd.pnorm); |
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addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); /* add to returned color */ |
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} |
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if (nd.tdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from other side */ |
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FVECT bnorm; |
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|
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flipsurface(r); |
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bnorm[0] = -nd.pnorm[0]; |
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bnorm[1] = -nd.pnorm[1]; |
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bnorm[2] = -nd.pnorm[2]; |
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copycolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */ |
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if (nd.specfl & SP_TBLT) |
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scalecolor(ctmp, nd.trans); |
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else |
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scalecolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff); |
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multambient(ctmp, r, bnorm); |
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addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); |
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flipsurface(r); |
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} |
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/* add direct component */ |
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direct(r, diraniso, &nd); |
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|
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return(1); |
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} |
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|
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|
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static void |
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getacoords( /* set up coordinate system */ |
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ANISODAT *np |
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) |
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{ |
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MFUNC *mf; |
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int i; |
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|
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mf = getfunc(np->mp, 3, 0x7, 1); |
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setfunc(np->mp, np->rp); |
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errno = 0; |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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np->u[i] = evalue(mf->ep[i]); |
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if ((errno == EDOM) | (errno == ERANGE)) |
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np->u[0] = np->u[1] = np->u[2] = 0.0; |
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if (mf->fxp != &unitxf) |
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multv3(np->u, np->u, mf->fxp->xfm); |
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fcross(np->v, np->pnorm, np->u); |
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if (normalize(np->v) == 0.0) { |
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if (fabs(np->u_alpha - np->v_alpha) > 0.001) |
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objerror(np->mp, WARNING, "illegal orientation vector"); |
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getperpendicular(np->u, np->pnorm); /* punting */ |
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fcross(np->v, np->pnorm, np->u); |
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np->u_alpha = np->v_alpha = sqrt( 0.5 * |
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(np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha + np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha) ); |
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} else |
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fcross(np->u, np->v, np->pnorm); |
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} |
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|
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|
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static void |
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agaussamp( /* sample anisotropic Gaussian specular */ |
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ANISODAT *np |
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) |
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{ |
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RAY sr; |
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FVECT h; |
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double rv[2]; |
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double d, sinp, cosp; |
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COLOR scol; |
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int maxiter, ntrials, nstarget, nstaken; |
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int i; |
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/* compute reflection */ |
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if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) == SP_REFL && |
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rayorigin(&sr, SPECULAR, np->rp, np->scolor) == 0) { |
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nstarget = 1; |
350 |
if (specjitter > 1.5) { /* multiple samples? */ |
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nstarget = specjitter*np->rp->rweight + .5; |
352 |
if (sr.rweight <= minweight*nstarget) |
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nstarget = sr.rweight/minweight; |
354 |
if (nstarget > 1) { |
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d = 1./nstarget; |
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scalecolor(sr.rcoef, d); |
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sr.rweight *= d; |
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} else |
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nstarget = 1; |
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} |
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setcolor(scol, 0., 0., 0.); |
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dimlist[ndims++] = (int)(size_t)np->mp; |
363 |
maxiter = MAXITER*nstarget; |
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for (nstaken = ntrials = 0; nstaken < nstarget && |
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ntrials < maxiter; ntrials++) { |
366 |
if (ntrials) |
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d = frandom(); |
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else |
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d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+samplendx); |
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multisamp(rv, 2, d); |
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d = 2.0*PI * rv[0]; |
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cosp = tcos(d) * np->u_alpha; |
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sinp = tsin(d) * np->v_alpha; |
374 |
d = 1./sqrt(cosp*cosp + sinp*sinp); |
375 |
cosp *= d; |
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sinp *= d; |
377 |
if ((0. <= specjitter) & (specjitter < 1.)) |
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rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1]; |
379 |
if (rv[1] <= FTINY) |
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d = 1.0; |
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else |
382 |
d = sqrt(-log(rv[1]) / |
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(cosp*cosp/(np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha) + |
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sinp*sinp/(np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha))); |
385 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
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h[i] = np->pnorm[i] + |
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d*(cosp*np->u[i] + sinp*np->v[i]); |
388 |
d = -2.0 * DOT(h, np->rp->rdir) / (1.0 + d*d); |
389 |
VSUM(sr.rdir, np->rp->rdir, h, d); |
390 |
/* sample rejection test */ |
391 |
if ((d = DOT(sr.rdir, np->rp->ron)) <= FTINY) |
392 |
continue; |
393 |
checknorm(sr.rdir); |
394 |
if (nstarget > 1) { /* W-G-M-D adjustment */ |
395 |
if (nstaken) rayclear(&sr); |
396 |
rayvalue(&sr); |
397 |
d = 2./(1. + np->rp->rod/d); |
398 |
scalecolor(sr.rcol, d); |
399 |
addcolor(scol, sr.rcol); |
400 |
} else { |
401 |
rayvalue(&sr); |
402 |
multcolor(sr.rcol, sr.rcoef); |
403 |
addcolor(np->rp->rcol, sr.rcol); |
404 |
} |
405 |
++nstaken; |
406 |
} |
407 |
if (nstarget > 1) { /* final W-G-M-D weighting */ |
408 |
multcolor(scol, sr.rcoef); |
409 |
d = (double)nstarget/ntrials; |
410 |
scalecolor(scol, d); |
411 |
addcolor(np->rp->rcol, scol); |
412 |
} |
413 |
ndims--; |
414 |
} |
415 |
/* compute transmission */ |
416 |
copycolor(sr.rcoef, np->mcolor); /* modify by material color */ |
417 |
scalecolor(sr.rcoef, np->tspec); |
418 |
if ((np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) == SP_TRAN && |
419 |
rayorigin(&sr, SPECULAR, np->rp, sr.rcoef) == 0) { |
420 |
nstarget = 1; |
421 |
if (specjitter > 1.5) { /* multiple samples? */ |
422 |
nstarget = specjitter*np->rp->rweight + .5; |
423 |
if (sr.rweight <= minweight*nstarget) |
424 |
nstarget = sr.rweight/minweight; |
425 |
if (nstarget > 1) { |
426 |
d = 1./nstarget; |
427 |
scalecolor(sr.rcoef, d); |
428 |
sr.rweight *= d; |
429 |
} else |
430 |
nstarget = 1; |
431 |
} |
432 |
dimlist[ndims++] = (int)(size_t)np->mp; |
433 |
maxiter = MAXITER*nstarget; |
434 |
for (nstaken = ntrials = 0; nstaken < nstarget && |
435 |
ntrials < maxiter; ntrials++) { |
436 |
if (ntrials) |
437 |
d = frandom(); |
438 |
else |
439 |
d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+1823+samplendx); |
440 |
multisamp(rv, 2, d); |
441 |
d = 2.0*PI * rv[0]; |
442 |
cosp = tcos(d) * np->u_alpha; |
443 |
sinp = tsin(d) * np->v_alpha; |
444 |
d = 1./sqrt(cosp*cosp + sinp*sinp); |
445 |
cosp *= d; |
446 |
sinp *= d; |
447 |
if ((0. <= specjitter) & (specjitter < 1.)) |
448 |
rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1]; |
449 |
if (rv[1] <= FTINY) |
450 |
d = 1.0; |
451 |
else |
452 |
d = sqrt(-log(rv[1]) / |
453 |
(cosp*cosp/(np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha) + |
454 |
sinp*sinp/(np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha))); |
455 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
456 |
sr.rdir[i] = np->prdir[i] + |
457 |
d*(cosp*np->u[i] + sinp*np->v[i]); |
458 |
if (DOT(sr.rdir, np->rp->ron) >= -FTINY) |
459 |
continue; |
460 |
normalize(sr.rdir); /* OK, normalize */ |
461 |
if (nstaken) /* multi-sampling */ |
462 |
rayclear(&sr); |
463 |
rayvalue(&sr); |
464 |
multcolor(sr.rcol, sr.rcoef); |
465 |
addcolor(np->rp->rcol, sr.rcol); |
466 |
++nstaken; |
467 |
} |
468 |
ndims--; |
469 |
} |
470 |
} |