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root/radiance/ray/src/rt/aniso.c
Revision: 2.52
Committed: Wed Oct 26 03:44:56 2011 UTC (12 years, 6 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
CVS Tags: rad4R1
Changes since 2.51: +4 -5 lines
Log Message:
Fixed underestimation of reflection in non-metals below -st threshold

File Contents

# User Rev Content
1 greg 2.1 #ifndef lint
2 greg 2.52 static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: aniso.c,v 2.51 2011/02/18 00:40:25 greg Exp $";
3 greg 2.1 #endif
4     /*
5     * Shading functions for anisotropic materials.
6     */
7    
8 greg 2.35 #include "copyright.h"
9 greg 2.34
10 greg 2.1 #include "ray.h"
11 greg 2.40 #include "ambient.h"
12 greg 2.1 #include "otypes.h"
13 schorsch 2.41 #include "rtotypes.h"
14     #include "source.h"
15 greg 2.1 #include "func.h"
16     #include "random.h"
17    
18 greg 2.32 #ifndef MAXITER
19     #define MAXITER 10 /* maximum # specular ray attempts */
20     #endif
21    
22 greg 2.1 /*
23 greg 2.22 * This routine implements the anisotropic Gaussian
24     * model described by Ward in Siggraph `92 article.
25 greg 2.1 * We orient the surface towards the incoming ray, so a single
26     * surface can be used to represent an infinitely thin object.
27     *
28     * Arguments for MAT_PLASTIC2 and MAT_METAL2 are:
29     * 4+ ux uy uz funcfile [transform...]
30     * 0
31     * 6 red grn blu specular-frac. u-facet-slope v-facet-slope
32     *
33     * Real arguments for MAT_TRANS2 are:
34     * 8 red grn blu rspec u-rough v-rough trans tspec
35     */
36    
37     /* specularity flags */
38     #define SP_REFL 01 /* has reflected specular component */
39     #define SP_TRAN 02 /* has transmitted specular */
40 greg 2.10 #define SP_FLAT 04 /* reflecting surface is flat */
41     #define SP_RBLT 010 /* reflection below sample threshold */
42     #define SP_TBLT 020 /* transmission below threshold */
43     #define SP_BADU 040 /* bad u direction calculation */
44 greg 2.1
45     typedef struct {
46 greg 2.2 OBJREC *mp; /* material pointer */
47 greg 2.1 RAY *rp; /* ray pointer */
48     short specfl; /* specularity flags, defined above */
49     COLOR mcolor; /* color of this material */
50     COLOR scolor; /* color of specular component */
51 greg 2.6 FVECT vrefl; /* vector in reflected direction */
52 greg 2.1 FVECT prdir; /* vector in transmitted direction */
53     FVECT u, v; /* u and v vectors orienting anisotropy */
54 greg 2.18 double u_alpha; /* u roughness */
55     double v_alpha; /* v roughness */
56 greg 2.1 double rdiff, rspec; /* reflected specular, diffuse */
57     double trans; /* transmissivity */
58     double tdiff, tspec; /* transmitted specular, diffuse */
59     FVECT pnorm; /* perturbed surface normal */
60     double pdot; /* perturbed dot product */
61     } ANISODAT; /* anisotropic material data */
62    
63 schorsch 2.41 static srcdirf_t diraniso;
64     static void getacoords(RAY *r, ANISODAT *np);
65     static void agaussamp(RAY *r, ANISODAT *np);
66 greg 2.34
67 greg 2.1
68 greg 2.34 static void
69 schorsch 2.41 diraniso( /* compute source contribution */
70     COLOR cval, /* returned coefficient */
71     void *nnp, /* material data */
72     FVECT ldir, /* light source direction */
73     double omega /* light source size */
74     )
75 greg 2.1 {
76 schorsch 2.41 register ANISODAT *np = nnp;
77 greg 2.1 double ldot;
78 greg 2.16 double dtmp, dtmp1, dtmp2;
79 greg 2.1 FVECT h;
80     double au2, av2;
81     COLOR ctmp;
82    
83     setcolor(cval, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
84    
85     ldot = DOT(np->pnorm, ldir);
86    
87     if (ldot < 0.0 ? np->trans <= FTINY : np->trans >= 1.0-FTINY)
88     return; /* wrong side */
89    
90     if (ldot > FTINY && np->rdiff > FTINY) {
91     /*
92     * Compute and add diffuse reflected component to returned
93     * color. The diffuse reflected component will always be
94     * modified by the color of the material.
95     */
96     copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor);
97 greg 2.42 dtmp = ldot * omega * np->rdiff * (1.0/PI);
98 greg 2.1 scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
99     addcolor(cval, ctmp);
100     }
101 greg 2.10 if (ldot > FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_REFL|SP_BADU)) == SP_REFL) {
102 greg 2.1 /*
103     * Compute specular reflection coefficient using
104 greg 2.46 * anisotropic Gaussian distribution model.
105 greg 2.1 */
106 greg 2.2 /* add source width if flat */
107     if (np->specfl & SP_FLAT)
108 greg 2.42 au2 = av2 = omega * (0.25/PI);
109 greg 2.2 else
110     au2 = av2 = 0.0;
111 greg 2.18 au2 += np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha;
112     av2 += np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha;
113 greg 2.1 /* half vector */
114     h[0] = ldir[0] - np->rp->rdir[0];
115     h[1] = ldir[1] - np->rp->rdir[1];
116     h[2] = ldir[2] - np->rp->rdir[2];
117     /* ellipse */
118 greg 2.16 dtmp1 = DOT(np->u, h);
119     dtmp1 *= dtmp1 / au2;
120 greg 2.1 dtmp2 = DOT(np->v, h);
121     dtmp2 *= dtmp2 / av2;
122 greg 2.46 /* new W-G-M-D model */
123 greg 2.23 dtmp = DOT(np->pnorm, h);
124 greg 2.46 dtmp *= dtmp;
125     dtmp1 = (dtmp1 + dtmp2) / dtmp;
126     dtmp = exp(-dtmp1) * DOT(h,h) /
127     (PI * dtmp*dtmp * sqrt(au2*av2));
128 greg 2.1 /* worth using? */
129     if (dtmp > FTINY) {
130     copycolor(ctmp, np->scolor);
131 greg 2.46 dtmp *= ldot * omega;
132 greg 2.1 scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
133     addcolor(cval, ctmp);
134     }
135     }
136     if (ldot < -FTINY && np->tdiff > FTINY) {
137     /*
138     * Compute diffuse transmission.
139     */
140     copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor);
141 greg 2.42 dtmp = -ldot * omega * np->tdiff * (1.0/PI);
142 greg 2.1 scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
143     addcolor(cval, ctmp);
144     }
145 greg 2.10 if (ldot < -FTINY && (np->specfl&(SP_TRAN|SP_BADU)) == SP_TRAN) {
146 greg 2.1 /*
147     * Compute specular transmission. Specular transmission
148     * is always modified by material color.
149     */
150     /* roughness + source */
151 greg 2.42 au2 = av2 = omega * (1.0/PI);
152 greg 2.18 au2 += np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha;
153     av2 += np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha;
154 greg 2.16 /* "half vector" */
155     h[0] = ldir[0] - np->prdir[0];
156     h[1] = ldir[1] - np->prdir[1];
157     h[2] = ldir[2] - np->prdir[2];
158 greg 2.19 dtmp = DOT(h,h);
159 greg 2.16 if (dtmp > FTINY*FTINY) {
160 greg 2.19 dtmp1 = DOT(h,np->pnorm);
161     dtmp = 1.0 - dtmp1*dtmp1/dtmp;
162     if (dtmp > FTINY*FTINY) {
163     dtmp1 = DOT(h,np->u);
164 greg 2.23 dtmp1 *= dtmp1 / au2;
165 greg 2.19 dtmp2 = DOT(h,np->v);
166 greg 2.23 dtmp2 *= dtmp2 / av2;
167 greg 2.19 dtmp = (dtmp1 + dtmp2) / dtmp;
168     }
169 greg 2.16 } else
170     dtmp = 0.0;
171 greg 2.46 /* Gaussian */
172 greg 2.44 dtmp = exp(-dtmp) * (1.0/PI) * sqrt(-ldot/(np->pdot*au2*av2));
173 greg 2.1 /* worth using? */
174     if (dtmp > FTINY) {
175     copycolor(ctmp, np->mcolor);
176 greg 2.16 dtmp *= np->tspec * omega;
177 greg 2.1 scalecolor(ctmp, dtmp);
178     addcolor(cval, ctmp);
179     }
180     }
181     }
182    
183    
184 schorsch 2.41 extern int
185     m_aniso( /* shade ray that hit something anisotropic */
186     register OBJREC *m,
187     register RAY *r
188     )
189 greg 2.1 {
190     ANISODAT nd;
191     COLOR ctmp;
192     register int i;
193     /* easy shadow test */
194 greg 2.10 if (r->crtype & SHADOW)
195 greg 2.27 return(1);
196 greg 2.1
197     if (m->oargs.nfargs != (m->otype == MAT_TRANS2 ? 8 : 6))
198     objerror(m, USER, "bad number of real arguments");
199 greg 2.36 /* check for back side */
200     if (r->rod < 0.0) {
201     if (!backvis && m->otype != MAT_TRANS2) {
202     raytrans(r);
203     return(1);
204     }
205     raytexture(r, m->omod);
206     flipsurface(r); /* reorient if backvis */
207     } else
208     raytexture(r, m->omod);
209     /* get material color */
210 greg 2.2 nd.mp = m;
211 greg 2.1 nd.rp = r;
212     setcolor(nd.mcolor, m->oargs.farg[0],
213     m->oargs.farg[1],
214     m->oargs.farg[2]);
215     /* get roughness */
216     nd.specfl = 0;
217 greg 2.18 nd.u_alpha = m->oargs.farg[4];
218     nd.v_alpha = m->oargs.farg[5];
219 greg 2.45 if (nd.u_alpha <= FTINY || nd.v_alpha <= FTINY)
220 greg 2.10 objerror(m, USER, "roughness too small");
221 greg 2.36
222 greg 2.1 nd.pdot = raynormal(nd.pnorm, r); /* perturb normal */
223     if (nd.pdot < .001)
224     nd.pdot = .001; /* non-zero for diraniso() */
225     multcolor(nd.mcolor, r->pcol); /* modify material color */
226     /* get specular component */
227     if ((nd.rspec = m->oargs.farg[3]) > FTINY) {
228     nd.specfl |= SP_REFL;
229     /* compute specular color */
230     if (m->otype == MAT_METAL2)
231     copycolor(nd.scolor, nd.mcolor);
232     else
233     setcolor(nd.scolor, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
234     scalecolor(nd.scolor, nd.rspec);
235 greg 2.4 /* check threshold */
236 greg 2.25 if (specthresh >= nd.rspec-FTINY)
237 greg 2.4 nd.specfl |= SP_RBLT;
238 greg 2.6 /* compute refl. direction */
239 greg 2.47 VSUM(nd.vrefl, r->rdir, nd.pnorm, 2.0*nd.pdot);
240 greg 2.6 if (DOT(nd.vrefl, r->ron) <= FTINY) /* penetration? */
241 greg 2.47 VSUM(nd.vrefl, r->rdir, r->ron, 2.0*r->rod);
242 greg 2.1 }
243     /* compute transmission */
244 greg 2.16 if (m->otype == MAT_TRANS2) {
245 greg 2.1 nd.trans = m->oargs.farg[6]*(1.0 - nd.rspec);
246     nd.tspec = nd.trans * m->oargs.farg[7];
247     nd.tdiff = nd.trans - nd.tspec;
248     if (nd.tspec > FTINY) {
249     nd.specfl |= SP_TRAN;
250 greg 2.4 /* check threshold */
251 greg 2.25 if (specthresh >= nd.tspec-FTINY)
252 greg 2.4 nd.specfl |= SP_TBLT;
253 greg 2.10 if (DOT(r->pert,r->pert) <= FTINY*FTINY) {
254 greg 2.1 VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir);
255     } else {
256     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) /* perturb */
257 greg 2.17 nd.prdir[i] = r->rdir[i] - r->pert[i];
258 greg 2.6 if (DOT(nd.prdir, r->ron) < -FTINY)
259     normalize(nd.prdir); /* OK */
260     else
261     VCOPY(nd.prdir, r->rdir);
262 greg 2.1 }
263     }
264     } else
265     nd.tdiff = nd.tspec = nd.trans = 0.0;
266    
267     /* diffuse reflection */
268     nd.rdiff = 1.0 - nd.trans - nd.rspec;
269    
270 greg 2.39 if (r->ro != NULL && isflat(r->ro->otype))
271 greg 2.4 nd.specfl |= SP_FLAT;
272    
273 greg 2.1 getacoords(r, &nd); /* set up coordinates */
274    
275 greg 2.10 if (nd.specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_TRAN) && !(nd.specfl & SP_BADU))
276 greg 2.1 agaussamp(r, &nd);
277    
278     if (nd.rdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from this side */
279 greg 2.43 copycolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by material color */
280 greg 2.52 scalecolor(ctmp, nd.rdiff);
281     if (nd.specfl & SP_RBLT) /* add in specular as well? */
282     addcolor(ctmp, nd.scolor);
283 greg 2.43 multambient(ctmp, r, nd.pnorm);
284 greg 2.1 addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp); /* add to returned color */
285     }
286     if (nd.tdiff > FTINY) { /* ambient from other side */
287 greg 2.31 FVECT bnorm;
288    
289 greg 2.1 flipsurface(r);
290 greg 2.31 bnorm[0] = -nd.pnorm[0];
291     bnorm[1] = -nd.pnorm[1];
292     bnorm[2] = -nd.pnorm[2];
293 greg 2.43 copycolor(ctmp, nd.mcolor); /* modified by color */
294 greg 2.4 if (nd.specfl & SP_TBLT)
295     scalecolor(ctmp, nd.trans);
296     else
297     scalecolor(ctmp, nd.tdiff);
298 greg 2.43 multambient(ctmp, r, bnorm);
299 greg 2.1 addcolor(r->rcol, ctmp);
300     flipsurface(r);
301     }
302     /* add direct component */
303     direct(r, diraniso, &nd);
304 greg 2.27
305     return(1);
306 greg 2.1 }
307    
308    
309 greg 2.34 static void
310 schorsch 2.41 getacoords( /* set up coordinate system */
311     RAY *r,
312     register ANISODAT *np
313     )
314 greg 2.1 {
315     register MFUNC *mf;
316     register int i;
317    
318     mf = getfunc(np->mp, 3, 0x7, 1);
319     setfunc(np->mp, r);
320     errno = 0;
321     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
322     np->u[i] = evalue(mf->ep[i]);
323 greg 2.37 if (errno == EDOM || errno == ERANGE) {
324 greg 2.1 objerror(np->mp, WARNING, "compute error");
325     np->specfl |= SP_BADU;
326     return;
327     }
328 greg 2.16 if (mf->f != &unitxf)
329     multv3(np->u, np->u, mf->f->xfm);
330 greg 2.1 fcross(np->v, np->pnorm, np->u);
331     if (normalize(np->v) == 0.0) {
332     objerror(np->mp, WARNING, "illegal orientation vector");
333     np->specfl |= SP_BADU;
334     return;
335     }
336     fcross(np->u, np->v, np->pnorm);
337     }
338    
339    
340 greg 2.34 static void
341 greg 2.46 agaussamp( /* sample anisotropic Gaussian specular */
342 schorsch 2.41 RAY *r,
343     register ANISODAT *np
344     )
345 greg 2.1 {
346     RAY sr;
347     FVECT h;
348     double rv[2];
349     double d, sinp, cosp;
350 greg 2.47 COLOR scol;
351 greg 2.50 int maxiter, ntrials, nstarget, nstaken;
352 greg 2.1 register int i;
353     /* compute reflection */
354 greg 2.4 if ((np->specfl & (SP_REFL|SP_RBLT)) == SP_REFL &&
355 greg 2.43 rayorigin(&sr, SPECULAR, r, np->scolor) == 0) {
356 greg 2.50 nstarget = 1;
357 greg 2.47 if (specjitter > 1.5) { /* multiple samples? */
358 greg 2.50 nstarget = specjitter*r->rweight + .5;
359     if (sr.rweight <= minweight*nstarget)
360     nstarget = sr.rweight/minweight;
361     if (nstarget > 1) {
362     d = 1./nstarget;
363     scalecolor(sr.rcoef, d);
364 greg 2.48 sr.rweight *= d;
365 greg 2.47 } else
366 greg 2.50 nstarget = 1;
367 greg 2.47 }
368 greg 2.50 setcolor(scol, 0., 0., 0.);
369 greg 2.51 dimlist[ndims++] = (int)(size_t)np->mp;
370 greg 2.50 maxiter = MAXITER*nstarget;
371     for (nstaken = ntrials = 0; nstaken < nstarget &&
372     ntrials < maxiter; ntrials++) {
373     if (ntrials)
374 greg 2.32 d = frandom();
375     else
376     d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+samplendx);
377     multisamp(rv, 2, d);
378     d = 2.0*PI * rv[0];
379 gwlarson 2.33 cosp = tcos(d) * np->u_alpha;
380     sinp = tsin(d) * np->v_alpha;
381 greg 2.47 d = 1./sqrt(cosp*cosp + sinp*sinp);
382     cosp *= d;
383     sinp *= d;
384     if ((0. <= specjitter) & (specjitter < 1.))
385     rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1];
386 greg 2.32 if (rv[1] <= FTINY)
387     d = 1.0;
388     else
389     d = sqrt(-log(rv[1]) /
390     (cosp*cosp/(np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha) +
391     sinp*sinp/(np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha)));
392     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
393     h[i] = np->pnorm[i] +
394     d*(cosp*np->u[i] + sinp*np->v[i]);
395     d = -2.0 * DOT(h, r->rdir) / (1.0 + d*d);
396 greg 2.47 VSUM(sr.rdir, r->rdir, h, d);
397 greg 2.50 /* sample rejection test */
398     if ((d = DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron)) <= FTINY)
399 greg 2.47 continue;
400     checknorm(sr.rdir);
401 greg 2.50 if (nstarget > 1) { /* W-G-M-D adjustment */
402     if (nstaken) rayclear(&sr);
403     rayvalue(&sr);
404     d = 2./(1. + r->rod/d);
405     scalecolor(sr.rcol, d);
406     addcolor(scol, sr.rcol);
407     } else {
408     rayvalue(&sr);
409     multcolor(sr.rcol, sr.rcoef);
410     addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol);
411 greg 2.32 }
412 greg 2.50 ++nstaken;
413     }
414     if (nstarget > 1) { /* final W-G-M-D weighting */
415     multcolor(scol, sr.rcoef);
416     d = (double)nstarget/ntrials;
417     scalecolor(scol, d);
418     addcolor(r->rcol, scol);
419 greg 2.32 }
420 greg 2.1 ndims--;
421     }
422     /* compute transmission */
423 greg 2.43 copycolor(sr.rcoef, np->mcolor); /* modify by material color */
424     scalecolor(sr.rcoef, np->tspec);
425 greg 2.7 if ((np->specfl & (SP_TRAN|SP_TBLT)) == SP_TRAN &&
426 greg 2.43 rayorigin(&sr, SPECULAR, r, sr.rcoef) == 0) {
427 greg 2.50 nstarget = 1;
428 greg 2.47 if (specjitter > 1.5) { /* multiple samples? */
429 greg 2.50 nstarget = specjitter*r->rweight + .5;
430     if (sr.rweight <= minweight*nstarget)
431     nstarget = sr.rweight/minweight;
432     if (nstarget > 1) {
433     d = 1./nstarget;
434 greg 2.48 scalecolor(sr.rcoef, d);
435     sr.rweight *= d;
436 greg 2.47 } else
437 greg 2.50 nstarget = 1;
438 greg 2.47 }
439 greg 2.51 dimlist[ndims++] = (int)(size_t)np->mp;
440 greg 2.50 maxiter = MAXITER*nstarget;
441     for (nstaken = ntrials = 0; nstaken < nstarget &&
442     ntrials < maxiter; ntrials++) {
443     if (ntrials)
444 greg 2.32 d = frandom();
445     else
446     d = urand(ilhash(dimlist,ndims)+1823+samplendx);
447     multisamp(rv, 2, d);
448     d = 2.0*PI * rv[0];
449 gwlarson 2.33 cosp = tcos(d) * np->u_alpha;
450     sinp = tsin(d) * np->v_alpha;
451 greg 2.47 d = 1./sqrt(cosp*cosp + sinp*sinp);
452     cosp *= d;
453     sinp *= d;
454     if ((0. <= specjitter) & (specjitter < 1.))
455     rv[1] = 1.0 - specjitter*rv[1];
456 greg 2.32 if (rv[1] <= FTINY)
457     d = 1.0;
458     else
459     d = sqrt(-log(rv[1]) /
460     (cosp*cosp/(np->u_alpha*np->u_alpha) +
461 gwlarson 2.33 sinp*sinp/(np->v_alpha*np->v_alpha)));
462 greg 2.32 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
463     sr.rdir[i] = np->prdir[i] +
464     d*(cosp*np->u[i] + sinp*np->v[i]);
465 greg 2.47 if (DOT(sr.rdir, r->ron) >= -FTINY)
466     continue;
467     normalize(sr.rdir); /* OK, normalize */
468 greg 2.50 if (nstaken) /* multi-sampling */
469 greg 2.47 rayclear(&sr);
470     rayvalue(&sr);
471     multcolor(sr.rcol, sr.rcoef);
472     addcolor(r->rcol, sr.rcol);
473 greg 2.50 ++nstaken;
474 greg 2.32 }
475 greg 2.7 ndims--;
476     }
477 greg 2.1 }