--- ray/src/rt/ambient.c	1989/05/30 11:06:29	1.4
+++ ray/src/rt/ambient.c	1992/07/16 15:53:42	2.9
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 1986 Regents of the University of California */
+/* Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California */
 
 #ifndef lint
 static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL";
@@ -17,91 +17,79 @@ static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL";
 
 #include  "octree.h"
 
+#include  "otypes.h"
+
+#include  "ambient.h"
+
 #include  "random.h"
 
 #define  OCTSCALE	0.5	/* ceil((valid rad.)/(cube size)) */
 
-extern CUBE  thescene;		/* contains space boundaries */
-
-extern COLOR  ambval;		/* global ambient component */
-extern double  ambacc;		/* ambient accuracy */
-extern int  ambres;		/* ambient resolution */
-extern int  ambdiv;		/* number of divisions for calculation */
-extern int  ambssamp;		/* number of super-samples */
-extern int  ambounce;		/* number of ambient bounces */
-extern char  *amblist[];	/* ambient include/exclude list */
-extern int  ambincl;		/* include == 1, exclude == 0 */
-
-OBJECT  ambset[128];		/* ambient include/exclude set */
-
-double  maxarad;		/* maximum ambient radius */
-double  minarad;		/* minimum ambient radius */
-
-typedef struct ambval {
-	FVECT  pos;		/* position in space */
-	FVECT  dir;		/* normal direction */
-	int  lvl;		/* recursion level of parent ray */
-	float  weight;		/* weight of parent ray */
-	COLOR  val;		/* computed ambient value */
-	float  rad;		/* validity radius */
-	struct ambval  *next;	/* next in list */
-}  AMBVAL;			/* ambient value */
-
 typedef struct ambtree {
 	AMBVAL  *alist;		/* ambient value list */
 	struct ambtree  *kid;	/* 8 child nodes */
 }  AMBTREE;			/* ambient octree */
 
-typedef struct {
-	float  k;		/* error contribution per sample */
-	COLOR  v;		/* ray sum */
-	int  n;			/* number of samples */
-	short  t, p;		/* theta, phi indices */
-}  AMBSAMP;			/* ambient sample */
+extern CUBE  thescene;		/* contains space boundaries */
 
+#define  MAXASET	511	/* maximum number of elements in ambient set */
+OBJECT  ambset[MAXASET+1]={0};	/* ambient include/exclude set */
+
+double  maxarad;		/* maximum ambient radius */
+double  minarad;		/* minimum ambient radius */
+
 static AMBTREE  atrunk;		/* our ambient trunk node */
 
 static FILE  *ambfp = NULL;	/* ambient file pointer */
+static char  *afname;		/* ambient file name */
 
+#define  AMBFLUSH	(BUFSIZ/AMBVALSIZ)
+
 #define  newambval()	(AMBVAL *)bmalloc(sizeof(AMBVAL))
 
 #define  newambtree()	(AMBTREE *)calloc(8, sizeof(AMBTREE))
 
-double  sumambient(), doambient(), makeambient();
+extern long  ftell(), lseek();
 
 
+setambres(ar)				/* set ambient resolution */
+int  ar;
+{
+						/* set min & max radii */
+	if (ar <= 0) {
+		minarad = 0.0;
+		maxarad = thescene.cusize / 2.0;
+	} else {
+		minarad = thescene.cusize / ar;
+		maxarad = 16.0 * minarad;		/* heuristic */
+		if (maxarad > thescene.cusize / 2.0)
+			maxarad = thescene.cusize / 2.0;
+	}
+	if (maxarad <= FTINY)
+		maxarad = .001;
+}
+
+
 setambient(afile)			/* initialize calculation */
 char  *afile;
 {
-	long  ftell();
-	char  **amblp;
-	OBJECT  obj;
+	long  headlen;
 	AMBVAL  amb;
-					/* set up ambient set */
-	ambset[0] = 0;
-	for (amblp = amblist; *amblp != NULL; amblp++) {
-		if ((obj = modifier(*amblp)) == OVOID) {
-			sprintf(errmsg, "unknown %s modifier \"%s\"", 
-				ambincl ? "include" : "exclude", *amblp);
-			error(WARNING, errmsg);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!inset(ambset, obj))
-			insertelem(ambset, obj);
-	}
-	maxarad = thescene.cusize / 2.0;		/* maximum radius */
-							/* minimum radius */
-	minarad = ambres > 0 ? thescene.cusize/ambres : 0.0;
-
-					/* open ambient file */
-	if (afile != NULL)
+						/* init ambient limits */
+	setambres(ambres);
+						/* open ambient file */
+	if ((afname = afile) != NULL)
 		if ((ambfp = fopen(afile, "r+")) != NULL) {
-			while (fread(&amb, sizeof(AMBVAL), 1, ambfp) == 1)
+			initambfile(0);
+			headlen = ftell(ambfp);
+			while (readambval(&amb, ambfp))
 				avinsert(&amb, &atrunk, thescene.cuorg,
 						thescene.cusize);
 							/* align */
-			fseek(ambfp, -(ftell(ambfp)%sizeof(AMBVAL)), 1);
-		} else if ((ambfp = fopen(afile, "w")) == NULL) {
+			fseek(ambfp, -((ftell(ambfp)-headlen)%AMBVALSIZ), 1);
+		} else if ((ambfp = fopen(afile, "w")) != NULL)
+			initambfile(1);
+		else {
 			sprintf(errmsg, "cannot open ambient file \"%s\"",
 					afile);
 			error(SYSTEM, errmsg);
@@ -109,19 +97,39 @@ char  *afile;
 }
 
 
+ambnotify(obj)			/* record new modifier */
+OBJECT  obj;
+{
+	static int  hitlimit = 0;
+	register OBJREC  *o = objptr(obj);
+	register char  **amblp;
+
+	if (hitlimit || !ismodifier(o->otype))
+		return;
+	for (amblp = amblist; *amblp != NULL; amblp++)
+		if (!strcmp(o->oname, *amblp)) {
+			if (ambset[0] >= MAXASET) {
+				error(WARNING, "too many modifiers in ambient list");
+				hitlimit++;
+				return;		/* should this be fatal? */
+			}
+			insertelem(ambset, obj);
+			return;
+		}
+}
+
+
 ambient(acol, r)		/* compute ambient component for ray */
 COLOR  acol;
 register RAY  *r;
 {
 	static int  rdepth = 0;			/* ambient recursion */
-	double  wsum;
+	double  d;
 
-	rdepth++;				/* increment level */
-
 	if (ambdiv <= 0)			/* no ambient calculation */
 		goto dumbamb;
 						/* check number of bounces */
-	if (rdepth > ambounce)
+	if (rdepth >= ambounce)
 		goto dumbamb;
 						/* check ambient list */
 	if (ambincl != -1 && r->ro != NULL &&
@@ -129,30 +137,35 @@ register RAY  *r;
 		goto dumbamb;
 
 	if (ambacc <= FTINY) {			/* no ambient storage */
-		if (doambient(acol, r) == 0.0)
+		rdepth++;
+		d = doambient(acol, r, r->rweight, NULL, NULL);
+		rdepth--;
+		if (d == 0.0)
 			goto dumbamb;
-		goto done;
+		return;
 	}
 						/* get ambient value */
 	setcolor(acol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-	wsum = sumambient(acol, r, &atrunk, thescene.cuorg, thescene.cusize);
-	if (wsum > FTINY)
-		scalecolor(acol, 1.0/wsum);
-	else if (makeambient(acol, r) == 0.0)
-		goto dumbamb;
-	goto done;
-
+	d = sumambient(acol, r, rdepth,
+			&atrunk, thescene.cuorg, thescene.cusize);
+	if (d > FTINY)
+		scalecolor(acol, 1.0/d);
+	else {
+		d = makeambient(acol, r, rdepth++);
+		rdepth--;
+	}
+	if (d > FTINY)
+		return;
 dumbamb:					/* return global value */
 	copycolor(acol, ambval);
-done:						/* must finish here! */
-	rdepth--;
 }
 
 
 double
-sumambient(acol, r, at, c0, s)		/* get interpolated ambient value */
+sumambient(acol, r, al, at, c0, s)	/* get interpolated ambient value */
 COLOR  acol;
 register RAY  *r;
+int  al;
 AMBTREE  *at;
 FVECT  c0;
 double  s;
@@ -168,9 +181,9 @@ double  s;
 	wsum = 0.0;
 	for (av = at->alist; av != NULL; av = av->next) {
 		/*
-		 *  Ray strength test.
+		 *  Ambient level test.
 		 */
-		if (av->lvl > r->rlvl || av->weight < r->rweight-FTINY)
+		if (av->lvl > al || av->weight < r->rweight-FTINY)
 			continue;
 		/*
 		 *  Ambient radius test.
@@ -197,20 +210,21 @@ double  s;
 		for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
 			d += (r->rop[j] - av->pos[j]) *
 					(av->dir[j] + r->ron[j]);
-		if (d < -minarad)
+		if (d*0.5 < -minarad*ambacc-.001)
 			continue;
 		/*
 		 *  Jittering final test reduces image artifacts.
 		 */
 		wt = sqrt(e1) + sqrt(e2);
-		if (wt > ambacc*(0.9 + 0.2*frandom()))
+		wt *= .9 + .2*urand(9015+samplendx);
+		if (wt > ambacc)
 			continue;
 		if (wt <= 1e-3)
 			wt = 1e3;
 		else
 			wt = 1.0 / wt;
 		wsum += wt;
-		copycolor(ct, av->val);
+		extambient(ct, av, r->rop, r->ron);
 		scalecolor(ct, wt);
 		addcolor(acol, ct);
 	}
@@ -229,217 +243,111 @@ double  s;
 				break;
 		}
 		if (j == 3)
-			wsum += sumambient(acol, r, at->kid+i, ck0, s);
+			wsum += sumambient(acol, r, al, at->kid+i, ck0, s);
 	}
 	return(wsum);
 }
 
 
 double
-makeambient(acol, r)		/* make a new ambient value */
+makeambient(acol, r, al)	/* make a new ambient value */
 COLOR  acol;
 register RAY  *r;
+int  al;
 {
 	AMBVAL  amb;
-
-	amb.rad = doambient(acol, r);		/* compute ambient */
+	FVECT	gp, gd;
+						/* compute weight */
+	amb.weight = pow(AVGREFL, (double)al);
+	if (r->rweight < 0.2*amb.weight)	/* heuristic */
+		amb.weight = r->rweight;
+						/* compute ambient */
+	amb.rad = doambient(acol, r, amb.weight, gp, gd);
 	if (amb.rad == 0.0)
 		return(0.0);
 						/* store it */
 	VCOPY(amb.pos, r->rop);
 	VCOPY(amb.dir, r->ron);
-	amb.lvl = r->rlvl;
-	amb.weight = r->rweight;
+	amb.lvl = al;
 	copycolor(amb.val, acol);
+	VCOPY(amb.gpos, gp);
+	VCOPY(amb.gdir, gd);
 						/* insert into tree */
-	avinsert(&amb, &atrunk, thescene.cuorg, thescene.cusize);
-	avsave(&amb);				/* write to file */
+	avsave(&amb);				/* and save to file */
 	return(amb.rad);
 }
 
 
-double
-doambient(acol, r)			/* compute ambient component */
-COLOR  acol;
-register RAY  *r;
+extambient(cr, ap, pv, nv)		/* extrapolate value at pv, nv */
+COLOR  cr;
+register AMBVAL  *ap;
+FVECT  pv, nv;
 {
-	extern int  ambcmp();
-	extern double  sin(), cos(), sqrt();
-	double  phi, xd, yd, zd;
-	double  b, b2;
-	register AMBSAMP  *div;
-	AMBSAMP  dnew;
-	RAY  ar;
-	FVECT  ux, uy;
-	double  arad;
-	int  ndivs, nt, np, ns, ne, i, j;
-	register int  k;
+	FVECT  v1, v2;
+	register int  i;
+	double  d;
 
-	setcolor(acol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-					/* set number of divisions */
-	nt = sqrt(ambdiv * r->rweight * 0.5) + 0.5;
-	np = 2 * nt;
-	ndivs = nt * np;
-					/* check first */
-	if (ndivs == 0 || rayorigin(&ar, r, AMBIENT, 0.5) < 0)
-		return(0.0);
-					/* set number of super-samples */
-	ns = ambssamp * r->rweight + 0.5;
-	if (ns > 0) {
-		div = (AMBSAMP *)malloc(ndivs*sizeof(AMBSAMP));
-		if (div == NULL)
-			error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in doambient");
+	d = 1.0;			/* zeroeth order */
+					/* gradient due to translation */
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		d += ap->gpos[i]*(pv[i]-ap->pos[i]);
+					/* gradient due to rotation */
+	VCOPY(v1, ap->dir);
+	fcross(v2, v1, nv);
+	d += DOT(ap->gdir, v2);
+	if (d <= 0.0) {
+		setcolor(cr, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+		return;
 	}
-					/* make axes */
-	uy[0] = uy[1] = uy[2] = 0.0;
-	for (k = 0; k < 3; k++)
-		if (r->ron[k] < 0.6 && r->ron[k] > -0.6)
-			break;
-	uy[k] = 1.0;
-	fcross(ux, r->ron, uy);
-	normalize(ux);
-	fcross(uy, ux, r->ron);
-						/* sample divisions */
-	arad = 0.0;
-	ne = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < nt; i++)
-		for (j = 0; j < np; j++) {
-			rayorigin(&ar, r, AMBIENT, 0.5);	/* pretested */
-			zd = sqrt((i+frandom())/nt);
-			phi = 2.0*PI * (j+frandom())/np;
-			xd = cos(phi) * zd;
-			yd = sin(phi) * zd;
-			zd = sqrt(1.0 - zd*zd);
-			for (k = 0; k < 3; k++)
-				ar.rdir[k] = xd*ux[k]+yd*uy[k]+zd*r->ron[k];
-			rayvalue(&ar);
-			if (ar.rot < FHUGE)
-				arad += 1.0 / ar.rot;
-			if (ns > 0) {			/* save division */
-				div[ne].k = 0.0;
-				copycolor(div[ne].v, ar.rcol);
-				div[ne].n = 0;
-				div[ne].t = i; div[ne].p = j;
-							/* sum errors */
-				b = bright(ar.rcol);
-				if (i > 0) {		/* from above */
-					b2 = bright(div[ne-np].v) - b;
-					b2 *= b2 * 0.25;
-					div[ne].k += b2;
-					div[ne].n++;
-					div[ne-np].k += b2;
-					div[ne-np].n++;
-				}
-				if (j > 0) {		/* from behind */
-					b2 = bright(div[ne-1].v) - b;
-					b2 *= b2 * 0.25;
-					div[ne].k += b2;
-					div[ne].n++;
-					div[ne-1].k += b2;
-					div[ne-1].n++;
-				}
-				if (j == np-1) {	/* around */
-					b2 = bright(div[ne-(np-1)].v) - b;
-					b2 *= b2 * 0.25;
-					div[ne].k += b2;
-					div[ne].n++;
-					div[ne-(np-1)].k += b2;
-					div[ne-(np-1)].n++;
-				}
-				ne++;
-			} else
-				addcolor(acol, ar.rcol);
-		}
-	for (k = 0; k < ne; k++) {		/* compute errors */
-		if (div[k].n > 1)
-			div[k].k /= div[k].n;
-		div[k].n = 1;
-	}
-						/* sort the divisions */
-	qsort(div, ne, sizeof(AMBSAMP), ambcmp);
-						/* skim excess */
-	while (ne > ns) {
-		ne--;
-		addcolor(acol, div[ne].v);
-	}
-						/* super-sample */
-	for (i = ns; i > 0; i--) {
-		rayorigin(&ar, r, AMBIENT, 0.5);	/* pretested */
-		zd = sqrt((div[0].t+frandom())/nt);
-		phi = 2.0*PI * (div[0].p+frandom())/np;
-		xd = cos(phi) * zd;
-		yd = sin(phi) * zd;
-		zd = sqrt(1.0 - zd*zd);
-		for (k = 0; k < 3; k++)
-			ar.rdir[k] = xd*ux[k]+yd*uy[k]+zd*r->ron[k];
-		rayvalue(&ar);
-		if (ar.rot < FHUGE)
-			arad += 1.0 / ar.rot;
-						/* recompute error */
-		copycolor(dnew.v, div[0].v);
-		addcolor(dnew.v, ar.rcol);
-		dnew.n = div[0].n + 1;
-		dnew.t = div[0].t; dnew.p = div[0].p;
-		b2 = bright(dnew.v)/dnew.n - bright(ar.rcol);
-		b2 = b2*b2 + div[0].k*div[0].n;
-		dnew.k = b2/dnew.n;
-						/* reinsert */
-		for (k = 0; k < ne-1 && dnew.k < div[k+1].k; k++)
-			bcopy(&div[k+1], &div[k], sizeof(AMBSAMP));
-		bcopy(&dnew, &div[k], sizeof(AMBSAMP));
-
-		if (ne >= i) {		/* extract darkest division */
-			ne--;
-			if (div[ne].n > 1)
-				scalecolor(div[ne].v, 1.0/div[ne].n);
-			addcolor(acol, div[ne].v);
-		}
-	}
-	scalecolor(acol, 1.0/ndivs);
-	if (arad <= FTINY)
-		arad = FHUGE;
-	else
-		arad = (ndivs+ns) / arad / sqrt(r->rweight);
-	if (arad > maxarad)
-		arad = maxarad;
-	else if (arad < minarad)
-		arad = minarad;
-	if (ns > 0)
-		free((char *)div);
-	return(arad);
+	copycolor(cr, ap->val);
+	scalecolor(cr, d);
 }
 
 
-static int
-ambcmp(d1, d2)				/* decreasing order */
-AMBSAMP  *d1, *d2;
+static
+initambfile(creat)		/* initialize ambient file */
+int  creat;
 {
-	if (d1->k < d2->k)
-		return(1);
-	if (d1->k > d2->k)
-		return(-1);
-	return(0);
+	extern char  *progname, *octname, VersionID[];
+
+	setbuf(ambfp, bmalloc(BUFSIZ));
+	if (creat) {			/* new file */
+		fprintf(ambfp, "%s -av %g %g %g -ab %d -aa %g ",
+				progname, colval(ambval,RED),
+				colval(ambval,GRN), colval(ambval,BLU),
+				ambounce, ambacc);
+		fprintf(ambfp, "-ad %d -as %d -ar %d %s\n",
+				ambdiv, ambssamp, ambres,
+				octname==NULL ? "" : octname);
+		fprintf(ambfp, "SOFTWARE= %s\n", VersionID);
+		fputformat(AMBFMT, ambfp);
+		putc('\n', ambfp);
+		putambmagic(ambfp);
+		fflush(ambfp);
+	} else if (checkheader(ambfp, AMBFMT, NULL) < 0
+			|| !hasambmagic(ambfp)) {
+		sprintf(errmsg, "\"%s\" is not an ambient file", afname);
+		error(USER, errmsg);
+	}
 }
 
 
 static
-avsave(av)				/* save an ambient value */
+avsave(av)				/* insert and save an ambient value */
 AMBVAL  *av;
 {
-#ifdef  AMBFLUSH
 	static int  nunflshed = 0;
-#endif
+
+	avinsert(av, &atrunk, thescene.cuorg, thescene.cusize);
 	if (ambfp == NULL)
 		return;
-	if (fwrite(av, sizeof(AMBVAL), 1, ambfp) != 1)
+	if (writambval(av, ambfp) < 0)
 		goto writerr;
-#ifdef  AMBFLUSH
 	if (++nunflshed >= AMBFLUSH) {
-		if (fflush(ambfp) == EOF)
+		if (ambsync() == EOF)
 			goto writerr;
 		nunflshed = 0;
 	}
-#endif
 	return;
 writerr:
 	error(SYSTEM, "error writing ambient file");
@@ -460,7 +368,7 @@ double  s;
 
 	if ((av = newambval()) == NULL)
 		goto memerr;
-	bcopy(aval, av, sizeof(AMBVAL));
+	copystruct(av, aval);
 	VCOPY(ck0, c0);
 	while (s*(OCTSCALE/2) > av->rad*ambacc) {
 		if (at->kid == NULL)
@@ -480,4 +388,43 @@ double  s;
 	return;
 memerr:
 	error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in avinsert");
+}
+
+
+#include  <fcntl.h>
+
+
+static
+ambsync()			/* synchronize ambient file */
+{
+	static FILE  *ambinp = NULL;
+	struct flock  fls;
+	AMBVAL  avs;
+	long  lastpos, flen;
+	register int  n;
+				/* gain exclusive access */
+	fls.l_type = F_WRLCK;
+	fls.l_whence = 0;
+	fls.l_start = 0L;
+	fls.l_len = 0L;
+	if (fcntl(fileno(ambfp), F_SETLKW, &fls) < 0)
+		error(SYSTEM, "cannot lock ambient file");
+				/* see if file has grown */
+	lastpos = lseek(fileno(ambfp), 0L, 1);	/* get previous position */
+	flen = lseek(fileno(ambfp), 0L, 2);	/* new(?) file length */
+	if (n = (flen - lastpos)%AMBVALSIZ)	/* assure alignment */
+		lseek(fileno(ambfp), (long)-n, 1);
+	if (n = (flen - lastpos)/AMBVALSIZ) {	/* file has grown */
+		if (ambinp == NULL && (ambinp = fopen(afname, "r")) == NULL)
+			error(SYSTEM, "cannot reopen ambient file");
+		fseek(ambinp, lastpos, 0);	/* go to previous position */
+		while (n--) {			/* load contributed values */
+			readambval(&avs, ambinp);
+			avinsert(&avs,&atrunk,thescene.cuorg,thescene.cusize);
+		}
+	}
+	n = fflush(ambfp);			/* calls write() at last */
+	fls.l_type = F_UNLCK;			/* release file */
+	fcntl(fileno(ambfp), F_SETLKW, &fls);
+	return(n);
 }