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#ifndef lint |
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static const char RCSid[] = "$Id: neuclrtab.c,v 2.10 2003/06/30 14:59:12 schorsch Exp $"; |
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#endif |
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/* |
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* Neural-Net quantization algorithm based on work of Anthony Dekker |
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*/ |
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|
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#include "copyright.h" |
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|
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#include <string.h> |
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|
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#include "standard.h" |
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#include "color.h" |
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#include "random.h" |
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#include "clrtab.h" |
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|
| 17 |
#ifdef COMPAT_MODE |
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#define neu_init new_histo |
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#define neu_pixel cnt_pixel |
| 20 |
#define neu_colrs cnt_colrs |
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#define neu_clrtab new_clrtab |
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#define neu_map_pixel map_pixel |
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#define neu_map_colrs map_colrs |
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#define neu_dith_colrs dith_colrs |
| 25 |
#endif |
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/* our color table (global) */ |
| 27 |
extern BYTE clrtab[256][3]; |
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static int clrtabsiz; |
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|
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#ifndef DEFSMPFAC |
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#ifdef SPEED |
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#define DEFSMPFAC (240/SPEED+3) |
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#else |
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#define DEFSMPFAC 30 |
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#endif |
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#endif |
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|
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int samplefac = DEFSMPFAC; /* sampling factor */ |
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|
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/* Samples array starts off holding spacing between adjacent |
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* samples, and ends up holding actual BGR sample values. |
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*/ |
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static BYTE *thesamples; |
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static int nsamples; |
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static BYTE *cursamp; |
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static long skipcount; |
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|
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#define MAXSKIP (1<<24-1) |
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|
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#define nskip(sp) ((long)(sp)[0]<<16|(long)(sp)[1]<<8|(long)(sp)[2]) |
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|
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#define setskip(sp,n) ((sp)[0]=(n)>>16,(sp)[1]=((n)>>8)&255,(sp)[2]=(n)&255) |
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|
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static void initnet(void); |
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static void inxbuild(void); |
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static int inxsearch(int b, int g, int r); |
| 57 |
static int contest(int b, int g, int r); |
| 58 |
static void altersingle(int alpha, int i, int b, int g, int r); |
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static void alterneigh(int rad, int i, int b, int g, int r); |
| 60 |
static void learn(void); |
| 61 |
static void unbiasnet(void); |
| 62 |
static void cpyclrtab(void); |
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|
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|
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extern int |
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neu_init( /* initialize our sample array */ |
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long npixels |
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) |
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{ |
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register int nsleft; |
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register long sv; |
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double rval, cumprob; |
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long npleft; |
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|
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nsamples = npixels/samplefac; |
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if (nsamples < 600) |
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return(-1); |
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thesamples = (BYTE *)malloc(nsamples*3); |
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if (thesamples == NULL) |
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return(-1); |
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cursamp = thesamples; |
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npleft = npixels; |
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nsleft = nsamples; |
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while (nsleft) { |
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rval = frandom(); /* random distance to next sample */ |
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sv = 0; |
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cumprob = 0.; |
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while ((cumprob += (1.-cumprob)*nsleft/(npleft-sv)) < rval) |
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sv++; |
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if (nsleft == nsamples) |
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skipcount = sv; |
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else { |
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setskip(cursamp, sv); |
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cursamp += 3; |
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} |
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npleft -= sv+1; |
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nsleft--; |
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} |
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setskip(cursamp, npleft); /* tag on end to skip the rest */ |
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cursamp = thesamples; |
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return(0); |
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} |
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|
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|
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extern void |
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neu_pixel( /* add pixel to our samples */ |
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register BYTE col[] |
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) |
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{ |
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if (!skipcount--) { |
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skipcount = nskip(cursamp); |
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cursamp[0] = col[BLU]; |
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cursamp[1] = col[GRN]; |
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cursamp[2] = col[RED]; |
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cursamp += 3; |
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} |
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} |
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|
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|
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extern void |
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neu_colrs( /* add a scanline to our samples */ |
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register COLR *cs, |
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register int n |
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) |
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{ |
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while (n > skipcount) { |
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cs += skipcount; |
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n -= skipcount+1; |
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skipcount = nskip(cursamp); |
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cursamp[0] = cs[0][BLU]; |
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cursamp[1] = cs[0][GRN]; |
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cursamp[2] = cs[0][RED]; |
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cs++; |
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cursamp += 3; |
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} |
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skipcount -= n; |
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} |
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|
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|
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extern int |
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neu_clrtab( /* make new color table using ncolors */ |
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int ncolors |
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) |
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{ |
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clrtabsiz = ncolors; |
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if (clrtabsiz > 256) clrtabsiz = 256; |
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initnet(); |
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learn(); |
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unbiasnet(); |
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cpyclrtab(); |
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inxbuild(); |
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/* we're done with our samples */ |
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free((void *)thesamples); |
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/* reset dithering function */ |
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neu_dith_colrs((BYTE *)NULL, (COLR *)NULL, 0); |
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/* return new color table size */ |
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return(clrtabsiz); |
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} |
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|
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|
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extern int |
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neu_map_pixel( /* get pixel for color */ |
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register BYTE col[] |
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) |
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{ |
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return(inxsearch(col[BLU],col[GRN],col[RED])); |
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} |
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|
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|
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extern void |
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neu_map_colrs( /* convert a scanline to color index values */ |
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register BYTE *bs, |
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register COLR *cs, |
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register int n |
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) |
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{ |
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while (n-- > 0) { |
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*bs++ = inxsearch(cs[0][BLU],cs[0][GRN],cs[0][RED]); |
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cs++; |
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} |
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} |
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|
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|
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extern void |
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neu_dith_colrs( /* convert scanline to dithered index values */ |
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register BYTE *bs, |
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register COLR *cs, |
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int n |
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) |
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{ |
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static short (*cerr)[3] = NULL; |
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static int N = 0; |
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int err[3], errp[3]; |
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register int x, i; |
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|
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if (n != N) { /* get error propogation array */ |
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if (N) { |
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free((void *)cerr); |
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cerr = NULL; |
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} |
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if (n) |
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cerr = (short (*)[3])malloc(3*n*sizeof(short)); |
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if (cerr == NULL) { |
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N = 0; |
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map_colrs(bs, cs, n); |
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return; |
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} |
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N = n; |
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memset((char *)cerr, '\0', 3*N*sizeof(short)); |
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} |
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err[0] = err[1] = err[2] = 0; |
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for (x = 0; x < n; x++) { |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { /* dither value */ |
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errp[i] = err[i]; |
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err[i] += cerr[x][i]; |
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#ifdef MAXERR |
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if (err[i] > MAXERR) err[i] = MAXERR; |
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else if (err[i] < -MAXERR) err[i] = -MAXERR; |
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#endif |
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err[i] += cs[x][i]; |
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if (err[i] < 0) err[i] = 0; |
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else if (err[i] > 255) err[i] = 255; |
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} |
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bs[x] = inxsearch(err[BLU],err[GRN],err[RED]); |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { /* propagate error */ |
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err[i] -= clrtab[bs[x]][i]; |
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err[i] /= 3; |
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cerr[x][i] = err[i] + errp[i]; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/* The following was adapted and modified from the original (GW) */ |
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|
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/* cheater definitions (GW) */ |
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#define thepicture thesamples |
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#define lengthcount (nsamples*3) |
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#define samplefac 1 |
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|
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/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ |
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/* */ |
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/* NeuQuant */ |
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/* -------- */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Copyright: Anthony Dekker, November 1994 */ |
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/* */ |
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/* This program performs colour quantization of graphics images (SUN */ |
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/* raster files). It uses a Kohonen Neural Network. It produces */ |
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/* better results than existing methods and runs faster, using minimal */ |
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/* space (8kB plus the image itself). The algorithm is described in */ |
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/* the paper "Kohonen Neural Networks for Optimal Colour Quantization" */ |
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/* to appear in the journal "Network: Computation in Neural Systems". */ |
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/* It is a significant improvement of an earlier algorithm. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* This program is distributed free for academic use or for evaluation */ |
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/* by commercial organizations. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Usage: NeuQuant -n inputfile > outputfile */ |
| 259 |
/* */ |
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/* where n is a sampling factor for neural learning. */ |
| 261 |
/* */ |
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/* Program performance compared with other methods is as follows: */ |
| 263 |
/* */ |
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/* Algorithm | Av. CPU Time | Quantization Error */ |
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/* ------------------------------------------------------------- */ |
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/* NeuQuant -3 | 314 | 5.55 */ |
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/* NeuQuant -10 | 119 | 5.97 */ |
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/* NeuQuant -30 | 65 | 6.53 */ |
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/* Oct-Trees | 141 | 8.96 */ |
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/* Median Cut (XV -best) | 420 | 9.28 */ |
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/* Median Cut (XV -slow) | 72 | 12.15 */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Author's address: Dept of ISCS, National University of Singapore */ |
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/* Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511 */ |
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/* Email: [email protected] */ |
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/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ |
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|
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#define bool int |
| 279 |
#define false 0 |
| 280 |
#define true 1 |
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|
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/* network defs */ |
| 283 |
#define netsize clrtabsiz /* number of colours - can change this */ |
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#define maxnetpos (netsize-1) |
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#define netbiasshift 4 /* bias for colour values */ |
| 286 |
#define ncycles 100 /* no. of learning cycles */ |
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|
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/* defs for freq and bias */ |
| 289 |
#define intbiasshift 16 /* bias for fractions */ |
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#define intbias (((int) 1)<<intbiasshift) |
| 291 |
#define gammashift 10 /* gamma = 1024 */ |
| 292 |
#define gamma (((int) 1)<<gammashift) |
| 293 |
#define betashift 10 |
| 294 |
#define beta (intbias>>betashift) /* beta = 1/1024 */ |
| 295 |
#define betagamma (intbias<<(gammashift-betashift)) |
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|
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/* defs for decreasing radius factor */ |
| 298 |
#define initrad (256>>3) /* for 256 cols, radius starts */ |
| 299 |
#define radiusbiasshift 6 /* at 32.0 biased by 6 bits */ |
| 300 |
#define radiusbias (((int) 1)<<radiusbiasshift) |
| 301 |
#define initradius (initrad*radiusbias) /* and decreases by a */ |
| 302 |
#define radiusdec 30 /* factor of 1/30 each cycle */ |
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|
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/* defs for decreasing alpha factor */ |
| 305 |
#define alphabiasshift 10 /* alpha starts at 1.0 */ |
| 306 |
#define initalpha (((int) 1)<<alphabiasshift) |
| 307 |
int alphadec; /* biased by 10 bits */ |
| 308 |
|
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/* radbias and alpharadbias used for radpower calculation */ |
| 310 |
#define radbiasshift 8 |
| 311 |
#define radbias (((int) 1)<<radbiasshift) |
| 312 |
#define alpharadbshift (alphabiasshift+radbiasshift) |
| 313 |
#define alpharadbias (((int) 1)<<alpharadbshift) |
| 314 |
|
| 315 |
/* four primes near 500 - assume no image has a length so large */ |
| 316 |
/* that it is divisible by all four primes */ |
| 317 |
#define prime1 499 |
| 318 |
#define prime2 491 |
| 319 |
#define prime3 487 |
| 320 |
#define prime4 503 |
| 321 |
|
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typedef int pixel[4]; /* BGRc */ |
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pixel network[256]; |
| 324 |
|
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int netindex[256]; /* for network lookup - really 256 */ |
| 326 |
|
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int bias [256]; /* bias and freq arrays for learning */ |
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int freq [256]; |
| 329 |
int radpower[initrad]; /* radpower for precomputation */ |
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|
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|
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/* initialise network in range (0,0,0) to (255,255,255) */ |
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|
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static void |
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initnet(void) |
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{ |
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register int i; |
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register int *p; |
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|
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for (i=0; i<netsize; i++) { |
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p = network[i]; |
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p[0] = p[1] = p[2] = (i << (netbiasshift+8))/netsize; |
| 343 |
freq[i] = intbias/netsize; /* 1/netsize */ |
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bias[i] = 0; |
| 345 |
} |
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} |
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|
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|
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/* do after unbias - insertion sort of network and build netindex[0..255] */ |
| 350 |
|
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static void |
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inxbuild(void) |
| 353 |
{ |
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register int i,j,smallpos,smallval; |
| 355 |
register int *p,*q; |
| 356 |
int previouscol,startpos; |
| 357 |
|
| 358 |
previouscol = 0; |
| 359 |
startpos = 0; |
| 360 |
for (i=0; i<netsize; i++) { |
| 361 |
p = network[i]; |
| 362 |
smallpos = i; |
| 363 |
smallval = p[1]; /* index on g */ |
| 364 |
/* find smallest in i..netsize-1 */ |
| 365 |
for (j=i+1; j<netsize; j++) { |
| 366 |
q = network[j]; |
| 367 |
if (q[1] < smallval) { /* index on g */ |
| 368 |
smallpos = j; |
| 369 |
smallval = q[1]; /* index on g */ |
| 370 |
} |
| 371 |
} |
| 372 |
q = network[smallpos]; |
| 373 |
/* swap p (i) and q (smallpos) entries */ |
| 374 |
if (i != smallpos) { |
| 375 |
j = q[0]; q[0] = p[0]; p[0] = j; |
| 376 |
j = q[1]; q[1] = p[1]; p[1] = j; |
| 377 |
j = q[2]; q[2] = p[2]; p[2] = j; |
| 378 |
j = q[3]; q[3] = p[3]; p[3] = j; |
| 379 |
} |
| 380 |
/* smallval entry is now in position i */ |
| 381 |
if (smallval != previouscol) { |
| 382 |
netindex[previouscol] = (startpos+i)>>1; |
| 383 |
for (j=previouscol+1; j<smallval; j++) netindex[j] = i; |
| 384 |
previouscol = smallval; |
| 385 |
startpos = i; |
| 386 |
} |
| 387 |
} |
| 388 |
netindex[previouscol] = (startpos+maxnetpos)>>1; |
| 389 |
for (j=previouscol+1; j<256; j++) netindex[j] = maxnetpos; /* really 256 */ |
| 390 |
} |
| 391 |
|
| 392 |
|
| 393 |
static int |
| 394 |
inxsearch( /* accepts real BGR values after net is unbiased */ |
| 395 |
register int b, |
| 396 |
register int g, |
| 397 |
register int r |
| 398 |
) |
| 399 |
{ |
| 400 |
register int i,j,dist,a,bestd; |
| 401 |
register int *p; |
| 402 |
int best; |
| 403 |
|
| 404 |
bestd = 1000; /* biggest possible dist is 256*3 */ |
| 405 |
best = -1; |
| 406 |
i = netindex[g]; /* index on g */ |
| 407 |
j = i-1; /* start at netindex[g] and work outwards */ |
| 408 |
|
| 409 |
while ((i<netsize) || (j>=0)) { |
| 410 |
if (i<netsize) { |
| 411 |
p = network[i]; |
| 412 |
dist = p[1] - g; /* inx key */ |
| 413 |
if (dist >= bestd) i = netsize; /* stop iter */ |
| 414 |
else { |
| 415 |
i++; |
| 416 |
if (dist<0) dist = -dist; |
| 417 |
a = p[0] - b; if (a<0) a = -a; |
| 418 |
dist += a; |
| 419 |
if (dist<bestd) { |
| 420 |
a = p[2] - r; if (a<0) a = -a; |
| 421 |
dist += a; |
| 422 |
if (dist<bestd) {bestd=dist; best=p[3];} |
| 423 |
} |
| 424 |
} |
| 425 |
} |
| 426 |
if (j>=0) { |
| 427 |
p = network[j]; |
| 428 |
dist = g - p[1]; /* inx key - reverse dif */ |
| 429 |
if (dist >= bestd) j = -1; /* stop iter */ |
| 430 |
else { |
| 431 |
j--; |
| 432 |
if (dist<0) dist = -dist; |
| 433 |
a = p[0] - b; if (a<0) a = -a; |
| 434 |
dist += a; |
| 435 |
if (dist<bestd) { |
| 436 |
a = p[2] - r; if (a<0) a = -a; |
| 437 |
dist += a; |
| 438 |
if (dist<bestd) {bestd=dist; best=p[3];} |
| 439 |
} |
| 440 |
} |
| 441 |
} |
| 442 |
} |
| 443 |
return(best); |
| 444 |
} |
| 445 |
|
| 446 |
|
| 447 |
/* finds closest neuron (min dist) and updates freq */ |
| 448 |
/* finds best neuron (min dist-bias) and returns position */ |
| 449 |
/* for frequently chosen neurons, freq[i] is high and bias[i] is negative */ |
| 450 |
/* bias[i] = gamma*((1/netsize)-freq[i]) */ |
| 451 |
|
| 452 |
static int |
| 453 |
contest( /* accepts biased BGR values */ |
| 454 |
register int b, |
| 455 |
register int g, |
| 456 |
register int r |
| 457 |
) |
| 458 |
{ |
| 459 |
register int i,dist,a,biasdist,betafreq; |
| 460 |
int bestpos,bestbiaspos,bestd,bestbiasd; |
| 461 |
register int *p,*f, *n; |
| 462 |
|
| 463 |
bestd = ~(((int) 1)<<31); |
| 464 |
bestbiasd = bestd; |
| 465 |
bestpos = -1; |
| 466 |
bestbiaspos = bestpos; |
| 467 |
p = bias; |
| 468 |
f = freq; |
| 469 |
|
| 470 |
for (i=0; i<netsize; i++) { |
| 471 |
n = network[i]; |
| 472 |
dist = n[0] - b; if (dist<0) dist = -dist; |
| 473 |
a = n[1] - g; if (a<0) a = -a; |
| 474 |
dist += a; |
| 475 |
a = n[2] - r; if (a<0) a = -a; |
| 476 |
dist += a; |
| 477 |
if (dist<bestd) {bestd=dist; bestpos=i;} |
| 478 |
biasdist = dist - ((*p)>>(intbiasshift-netbiasshift)); |
| 479 |
if (biasdist<bestbiasd) {bestbiasd=biasdist; bestbiaspos=i;} |
| 480 |
betafreq = (*f >> betashift); |
| 481 |
*f++ -= betafreq; |
| 482 |
*p++ += (betafreq<<gammashift); |
| 483 |
} |
| 484 |
freq[bestpos] += beta; |
| 485 |
bias[bestpos] -= betagamma; |
| 486 |
return(bestbiaspos); |
| 487 |
} |
| 488 |
|
| 489 |
|
| 490 |
/* move neuron i towards (b,g,r) by factor alpha */ |
| 491 |
|
| 492 |
static void |
| 493 |
altersingle( /* accepts biased BGR values */ |
| 494 |
register int alpha, |
| 495 |
register int i, |
| 496 |
register int b, |
| 497 |
register int g, |
| 498 |
register int r |
| 499 |
) |
| 500 |
{ |
| 501 |
register int *n; |
| 502 |
|
| 503 |
n = network[i]; /* alter hit neuron */ |
| 504 |
*n -= (alpha*(*n - b)) / initalpha; |
| 505 |
n++; |
| 506 |
*n -= (alpha*(*n - g)) / initalpha; |
| 507 |
n++; |
| 508 |
*n -= (alpha*(*n - r)) / initalpha; |
| 509 |
} |
| 510 |
|
| 511 |
|
| 512 |
/* move neurons adjacent to i towards (b,g,r) by factor */ |
| 513 |
/* alpha*(1-((i-j)^2/[r]^2)) precomputed as radpower[|i-j|]*/ |
| 514 |
|
| 515 |
static void |
| 516 |
alterneigh( /* accents biased BGR values */ |
| 517 |
int rad, |
| 518 |
int i, |
| 519 |
register int b, |
| 520 |
register int g, |
| 521 |
register int r |
| 522 |
) |
| 523 |
{ |
| 524 |
register int j,k,lo,hi,a; |
| 525 |
register int *p, *q; |
| 526 |
|
| 527 |
lo = i-rad; if (lo<-1) lo= -1; |
| 528 |
hi = i+rad; if (hi>netsize) hi=netsize; |
| 529 |
|
| 530 |
j = i+1; |
| 531 |
k = i-1; |
| 532 |
q = radpower; |
| 533 |
while ((j<hi) || (k>lo)) { |
| 534 |
a = (*(++q)); |
| 535 |
if (j<hi) { |
| 536 |
p = network[j]; |
| 537 |
*p -= (a*(*p - b)) / alpharadbias; |
| 538 |
p++; |
| 539 |
*p -= (a*(*p - g)) / alpharadbias; |
| 540 |
p++; |
| 541 |
*p -= (a*(*p - r)) / alpharadbias; |
| 542 |
j++; |
| 543 |
} |
| 544 |
if (k>lo) { |
| 545 |
p = network[k]; |
| 546 |
*p -= (a*(*p - b)) / alpharadbias; |
| 547 |
p++; |
| 548 |
*p -= (a*(*p - g)) / alpharadbias; |
| 549 |
p++; |
| 550 |
*p -= (a*(*p - r)) / alpharadbias; |
| 551 |
k--; |
| 552 |
} |
| 553 |
} |
| 554 |
} |
| 555 |
|
| 556 |
|
| 557 |
static void |
| 558 |
learn(void) |
| 559 |
{ |
| 560 |
register int i,j,b,g,r; |
| 561 |
int radius,rad,alpha,step,delta,samplepixels; |
| 562 |
register unsigned char *p; |
| 563 |
unsigned char *lim; |
| 564 |
|
| 565 |
alphadec = 30 + ((samplefac-1)/3); |
| 566 |
p = thepicture; |
| 567 |
lim = thepicture + lengthcount; |
| 568 |
samplepixels = lengthcount/(3*samplefac); |
| 569 |
delta = samplepixels/ncycles; |
| 570 |
alpha = initalpha; |
| 571 |
radius = initradius; |
| 572 |
|
| 573 |
rad = radius >> radiusbiasshift; |
| 574 |
if (rad <= 1) rad = 0; |
| 575 |
for (i=0; i<rad; i++) |
| 576 |
radpower[i] = alpha*(((rad*rad - i*i)*radbias)/(rad*rad)); |
| 577 |
|
| 578 |
if ((lengthcount%prime1) != 0) step = 3*prime1; |
| 579 |
else { |
| 580 |
if ((lengthcount%prime2) !=0) step = 3*prime2; |
| 581 |
else { |
| 582 |
if ((lengthcount%prime3) !=0) step = 3*prime3; |
| 583 |
else step = 3*prime4; |
| 584 |
} |
| 585 |
} |
| 586 |
|
| 587 |
i = 0; |
| 588 |
while (i < samplepixels) { |
| 589 |
b = p[0] << netbiasshift; |
| 590 |
g = p[1] << netbiasshift; |
| 591 |
r = p[2] << netbiasshift; |
| 592 |
j = contest(b,g,r); |
| 593 |
|
| 594 |
altersingle(alpha,j,b,g,r); |
| 595 |
if (rad) alterneigh(rad,j,b,g,r); /* alter neighbours */ |
| 596 |
|
| 597 |
p += step; |
| 598 |
if (p >= lim) p -= lengthcount; |
| 599 |
|
| 600 |
i++; |
| 601 |
if (i%delta == 0) { |
| 602 |
alpha -= alpha / alphadec; |
| 603 |
radius -= radius / radiusdec; |
| 604 |
rad = radius >> radiusbiasshift; |
| 605 |
if (rad <= 1) rad = 0; |
| 606 |
for (j=0; j<rad; j++) |
| 607 |
radpower[j] = alpha*(((rad*rad - j*j)*radbias)/(rad*rad)); |
| 608 |
} |
| 609 |
} |
| 610 |
} |
| 611 |
|
| 612 |
/* unbias network to give 0..255 entries */ |
| 613 |
/* which can then be used for colour map */ |
| 614 |
/* and record position i to prepare for sort */ |
| 615 |
|
| 616 |
static void |
| 617 |
unbiasnet(void) |
| 618 |
{ |
| 619 |
int i,j; |
| 620 |
|
| 621 |
for (i=0; i<netsize; i++) { |
| 622 |
for (j=0; j<3; j++) |
| 623 |
network[i][j] >>= netbiasshift; |
| 624 |
network[i][3] = i; /* record colour no */ |
| 625 |
} |
| 626 |
} |
| 627 |
|
| 628 |
|
| 629 |
/* Don't do this until the network has been unbiased (GW) */ |
| 630 |
|
| 631 |
static void |
| 632 |
cpyclrtab(void) |
| 633 |
{ |
| 634 |
register int i,j,k; |
| 635 |
|
| 636 |
for (j=0; j<netsize; j++) { |
| 637 |
k = network[j][3]; |
| 638 |
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 639 |
clrtab[k][i] = network[j][2-i]; |
| 640 |
} |
| 641 |
} |
