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greg |
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/* Copyright (c) 1994 Regents of the University of California */ |
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#ifndef lint |
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static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL"; |
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#endif |
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/* |
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* Neural-Net quantization algorithm based on work of Anthony Dekker |
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*/ |
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#include "standard.h" |
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#include "color.h" |
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#include "random.h" |
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#ifdef COMPAT_MODE |
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#define neu_init new_histo |
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#define neu_pixel cnt_pixel |
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#define neu_colrs cnt_colrs |
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#define neu_clrtab new_clrtab |
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#define neu_map_pixel map_pixel |
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#define neu_map_colrs map_colrs |
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#define neu_dith_colrs dith_colrs |
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#endif |
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/* our color table (global) */ |
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extern BYTE clrtab[256][3]; |
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static int clrtabsiz; |
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#ifndef DEFSMPFAC |
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#ifdef SPEED |
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#define DEFSMPFAC (240/SPEED+3) |
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#else |
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#define DEFSMPFAC 30 |
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#endif |
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#endif |
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int samplefac = DEFSMPFAC; /* sampling factor */ |
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/* Samples array starts off holding spacing between adjacent |
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* samples, and ends up holding actual BGR sample values. |
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*/ |
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static BYTE *thesamples; |
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static int nsamples; |
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static BYTE *cursamp; |
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static long skipcount; |
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#define MAXSKIP (1<<24-1) |
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#define nskip(sp) ((long)(sp)[0]<<16|(long)(sp)[1]<<8|(long)(sp)[2]) |
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#define setskip(sp,n) ((sp)[0]=(n)>>16,(sp)[1]=((n)>>8)&255,(sp)[2]=(n)&255) |
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neu_init(npixels) /* initialize our sample array */ |
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long npixels; |
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{ |
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register int nsleft; |
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register long sv; |
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double rval, cumprob; |
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long npleft; |
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nsamples = npixels/samplefac; |
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if (nsamples < 600) |
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return(-1); |
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thesamples = (BYTE *)malloc((nsamples+1)*3); |
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if (thesamples == NULL) |
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return(-1); |
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cursamp = thesamples; |
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npleft = npixels; |
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nsleft = nsamples; |
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while (nsleft) { |
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rval = frandom(); /* random distance to next sample */ |
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sv = 0; |
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cumprob = 0.; |
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while ((cumprob += (1.-cumprob)*nsleft/(npleft-sv)) < rval) |
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sv++; |
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setskip(cursamp, sv); |
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cursamp += 3; |
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npleft -= sv; |
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nsleft--; |
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} |
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setskip(cursamp, 0); /* dummy tagged onto end */ |
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cursamp = thesamples; |
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skipcount = nskip(cursamp); |
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return(0); |
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} |
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neu_pixel(col) /* add pixel to our samples */ |
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register BYTE col[]; |
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{ |
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if (!skipcount--) { |
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cursamp[0] = col[BLU]; |
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cursamp[1] = col[GRN]; |
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cursamp[2] = col[RED]; |
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cursamp += 3; |
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skipcount = nskip(cursamp); |
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} |
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} |
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neu_colrs(cs, n) /* add a scanline to our samples */ |
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register COLR *cs; |
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register int n; |
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{ |
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while (n > skipcount) { |
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cs += skipcount; |
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cursamp[0] = cs[0][BLU]; |
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cursamp[1] = cs[0][GRN]; |
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cursamp[2] = cs[0][RED]; |
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cs++; |
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n -= skipcount+1; |
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cursamp += 3; |
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skipcount = nskip(cursamp); |
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} |
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skipcount -= n; |
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} |
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neu_clrtab(ncolors) /* make new color table using ncolors */ |
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int ncolors; |
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{ |
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clrtabsiz = ncolors; |
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if (clrtabsiz > 256) clrtabsiz = 256; |
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initnet(); |
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learn(); |
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unbiasnet(); |
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cpyclrtab(); |
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inxbuild(); |
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/* we're done with our samples */ |
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free((char *)thesamples); |
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/* reset dithering function */ |
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neu_dith_colrs((BYTE *)NULL, (COLR *)NULL, 0); |
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/* return new color table size */ |
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return(clrtabsiz); |
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} |
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int |
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neu_map_pixel(col) /* get pixel for color */ |
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register BYTE col[]; |
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{ |
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return(inxsearch(col[BLU],col[GRN],col[RED])); |
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} |
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neu_map_colrs(bs, cs, n) /* convert a scanline to color index values */ |
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register BYTE *bs; |
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register COLR *cs; |
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register int n; |
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{ |
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while (n-- > 0) { |
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*bs++ = inxsearch(cs[0][BLU],cs[0][GRN],cs[0][RED]); |
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cs++; |
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} |
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} |
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neu_dith_colrs(bs, cs, n) /* convert scanline to dithered index values */ |
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register BYTE *bs; |
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register COLR *cs; |
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int n; |
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{ |
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static short (*cerr)[3] = NULL; |
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static int N = 0; |
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int err[3], errp[3]; |
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register int x, i; |
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if (n != N) { /* get error propogation array */ |
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if (N) { |
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free((char *)cerr); |
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cerr = NULL; |
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} |
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if (n) |
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cerr = (short (*)[3])malloc(3*n*sizeof(short)); |
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if (cerr == NULL) { |
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N = 0; |
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map_colrs(bs, cs, n); |
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return; |
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} |
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N = n; |
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bzero((char *)cerr, 3*N*sizeof(short)); |
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} |
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err[0] = err[1] = err[2] = 0; |
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for (x = 0; x < n; x++) { |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { /* dither value */ |
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errp[i] = err[i]; |
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err[i] += cerr[x][i]; |
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#ifdef MAXERR |
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if (err[i] > MAXERR) err[i] = MAXERR; |
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else if (err[i] < -MAXERR) err[i] = -MAXERR; |
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#endif |
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err[i] += cs[x][i]; |
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if (err[i] < 0) err[i] = 0; |
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else if (err[i] > 255) err[i] = 255; |
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} |
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bs[x] = inxsearch(err[BLU],err[GRN],err[RED]); |
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for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { /* propagate error */ |
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err[i] -= clrtab[bs[x]][i]; |
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err[i] /= 3; |
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cerr[x][i] = err[i] + errp[i]; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/* The following was adapted and modified from the original (GW) */ |
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/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ |
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/* */ |
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/* NeuQuant */ |
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/* -------- */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Copyright: Anthony Dekker, June 1994 */ |
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/* */ |
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/* This program performs colour quantization of graphics images (SUN */ |
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/* raster files). It uses a Kohonen Neural Network. It produces */ |
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/* better results than existing methods and runs faster, using minimal */ |
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/* space (8kB plus the image itself). The algorithm is described in */ |
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/* the paper "Kohonen Neural Networks for Optimal Colour Quantization" */ |
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/* to appear in the journal "Network: Computation in Neural Systems". */ |
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/* It is a significant improvement of an earlier algorithm. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* This program is distributed free for academic use or for evaluation */ |
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/* by commercial organizations. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Usage: NeuQuant -n inputfile > outputfile */ |
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/* */ |
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/* where n is a sampling factor for neural learning. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Program performance compared with other methods is as follows: */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Algorithm | Av. CPU Time | Quantization Error */ |
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/* ------------------------------------------------------------- */ |
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/* NeuQuant -3 | 314 | 5.55 */ |
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/* NeuQuant -10 | 119 | 5.97 */ |
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/* NeuQuant -30 | 65 | 6.53 */ |
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/* Oct-Trees | 141 | 8.96 */ |
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/* Median Cut (XV -best) | 420 | 9.28 */ |
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/* Median Cut (XV -slow) | 72 | 12.15 */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Author's address: Dept of ISCS, National University of Singapore */ |
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/* Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511 */ |
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/* Email: [email protected] */ |
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/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ |
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#define bool int |
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#define false 0 |
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#define true 1 |
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#define initrad 32 |
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#define radiusdec 30 |
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#define alphadec; 30 |
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/* defs for freq and bias */ |
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#define gammashift 10 |
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#define betashift gammashift |
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#define intbiasshift 16 |
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#define intbias (1<<intbiasshift) |
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#define gamma (1<<gammashift) |
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#define beta (intbias>>betashift) |
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#define betagamma (intbias<<(gammashift-betashift)) |
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#define gammaphi (intbias<<(gammashift-8)) |
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/* defs for rad and alpha */ |
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#define maxrad (initrad+1) |
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#define radiusbiasshift 6 |
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#define radiusbias (1<<radiusbiasshift) |
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#define initradius ((int) (initrad*radiusbias)) |
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#define alphabiasshift 10 |
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#define initalpha (1<<alphabiasshift) |
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#define radbiasshift 8 |
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#define radbias (1<<radbiasshift) |
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#define alpharadbshift (alphabiasshift+radbiasshift) |
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#define alpharadbias (1<<alpharadbshift) |
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/* other defs */ |
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#define netbiasshift 4 |
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#define funnyshift (intbiasshift-netbiasshift) |
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#define maxnetval ((256<<netbiasshift)-1) |
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#define ncycles 100 |
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#define jump1 499 /* prime */ |
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#define jump2 491 /* prime */ |
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#define jump3 487 /* any pic whose size was divisible by all */ |
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#define jump4 503 /* four primes would be simply enormous */ |
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/* cheater definitions (GW) */ |
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#define thepicture thesamples |
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#define lengthcount (nsamples*3) |
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#define samplefac 1 |
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typedef int pixel[4]; /* BGRc */ |
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static pixel network[256]; |
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static int netindex[256]; |
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static int bias [256]; |
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static int freq [256]; |
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static int radpower[256]; /* actually need only go up to maxrad */ |
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/* fixed space overhead 256*4+256+256+256+256 words = 256*8 = 8kB */ |
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static |
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initnet() |
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{ |
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register int i; |
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register int *p; |
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for (i=0; i<clrtabsiz; i++) { |
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p = network[i]; |
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p[0] = i << netbiasshift; |
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p[1] = i << netbiasshift; |
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p[2] = i << netbiasshift; |
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freq[i] = intbias >> 8; /* 1/256 */ |
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bias[i] = 0; |
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} |
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} |
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static |
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inxbuild() |
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{ |
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register int i,j,smallpos,smallval; |
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register int *p,*q; |
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int start,previous; |
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previous = 0; |
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start = 0; |
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for (i=0; i<clrtabsiz; i++) { |
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p = network[i]; |
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smallpos = i; |
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smallval = p[1]; /* index on g */ |
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/* find smallest in i+1..clrtabsiz-1 */ |
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for (j=i+1; j<clrtabsiz; j++) { |
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q = network[j]; |
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if (q[1] < smallval) { /* index on g */ |
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smallpos = j; |
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smallval = q[1]; /* index on g */ |
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} |
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} |
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q = network[smallpos]; |
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if (i != smallpos) { |
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j = q[0]; q[0] = p[0]; p[0] = j; |
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j = q[1]; q[1] = p[1]; p[1] = j; |
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j = q[2]; q[2] = p[2]; p[2] = j; |
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j = q[3]; q[3] = p[3]; p[3] = j; |
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} |
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/* smallval entry is now in position i */ |
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if (smallval != previous) { |
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netindex[previous] = (start+i)>>1; |
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for (j=previous+1; j<smallval; j++) netindex[j] = i; |
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previous = smallval; |
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start = i; |
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} |
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} |
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netindex[previous] = (start+clrtabsiz-1)>>1; |
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for (j=previous+1; j<clrtabsiz; j++) netindex[j] = clrtabsiz-1; |
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} |
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static int |
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inxsearch(b,g,r) /* accepts real BGR values after net is unbiased */ |
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register int b,g,r; |
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{ |
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register int i,j,best,x,y,bestd; |
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register int *p; |
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bestd = 1000; /* biggest possible dist is 256*3 */ |
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best = -1; |
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i = netindex[g]; /* index on g */ |
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j = i-1; |
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while ((i<clrtabsiz) || (j>=0)) { |
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if (i<clrtabsiz) { |
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p = network[i]; |
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x = p[1] - g; /* inx key */ |
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if (x >= bestd) i = clrtabsiz; /* stop iter */ |
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else { |
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i++; |
| 381 |
|
|
if (x<0) x = -x; |
| 382 |
|
|
y = p[0] - b; |
| 383 |
|
|
if (y<0) y = -y; |
| 384 |
|
|
x += y; |
| 385 |
|
|
if (x<bestd) { |
| 386 |
|
|
y = p[2] - r; |
| 387 |
|
|
if (y<0) y = -y; |
| 388 |
|
|
x += y; /* x holds distance */ |
| 389 |
|
|
if (x<bestd) {bestd=x; best=p[3];} |
| 390 |
|
|
} |
| 391 |
|
|
} |
| 392 |
|
|
} |
| 393 |
|
|
if (j>=0) { |
| 394 |
|
|
p = network[j]; |
| 395 |
|
|
x = g - p[1]; /* inx key - reverse dif */ |
| 396 |
|
|
if (x >= bestd) j = -1; /* stop iter */ |
| 397 |
|
|
else { |
| 398 |
|
|
j--; |
| 399 |
|
|
if (x<0) x = -x; |
| 400 |
|
|
y = p[0] - b; |
| 401 |
|
|
if (y<0) y = -y; |
| 402 |
|
|
x += y; |
| 403 |
|
|
if (x<bestd) { |
| 404 |
|
|
y = p[2] - r; |
| 405 |
|
|
if (y<0) y = -y; |
| 406 |
|
|
x += y; /* x holds distance */ |
| 407 |
|
|
if (x<bestd) {bestd=x; best=p[3];} |
| 408 |
|
|
} |
| 409 |
|
|
} |
| 410 |
|
|
} |
| 411 |
|
|
} |
| 412 |
|
|
return(best); |
| 413 |
|
|
} |
| 414 |
|
|
|
| 415 |
|
|
|
| 416 |
|
|
static int |
| 417 |
|
|
contest(b,g,r) /* accepts biased BGR values */ |
| 418 |
|
|
register int b,g,r; |
| 419 |
|
|
{ |
| 420 |
|
|
register int i,best,bestbias,x,y,bestd,bestbiasd; |
| 421 |
|
|
register int *p,*q, *pp; |
| 422 |
|
|
|
| 423 |
|
|
bestd = ~(1<<31); |
| 424 |
|
|
bestbiasd = bestd; |
| 425 |
|
|
best = -1; |
| 426 |
|
|
bestbias = best; |
| 427 |
|
|
q = bias; |
| 428 |
|
|
p = freq; |
| 429 |
|
|
for (i=0; i<clrtabsiz; i++) { |
| 430 |
|
|
pp = network[i]; |
| 431 |
|
|
x = pp[0] - b; |
| 432 |
|
|
if (x<0) x = -x; |
| 433 |
|
|
y = pp[1] - g; |
| 434 |
|
|
if (y<0) y = -y; |
| 435 |
|
|
x += y; |
| 436 |
|
|
y = pp[2] - r; |
| 437 |
|
|
if (y<0) y = -y; |
| 438 |
|
|
x += y; /* x holds distance */ |
| 439 |
|
|
/* >> netbiasshift not needed if funnyshift used */ |
| 440 |
|
|
if (x<bestd) {bestd=x; best=i;} |
| 441 |
|
|
y = x - ((*q)>>funnyshift); /* y holds biasd */ |
| 442 |
|
|
if (y<bestbiasd) {bestbiasd=y; bestbias=i;} |
| 443 |
|
|
y = (*p >> betashift); /* y holds beta*freq */ |
| 444 |
|
|
*p -= y; |
| 445 |
|
|
*q += (y<<gammashift); |
| 446 |
|
|
p++; |
| 447 |
|
|
q++; |
| 448 |
|
|
} |
| 449 |
|
|
freq[best] += beta; |
| 450 |
|
|
bias[best] -= betagamma; |
| 451 |
|
|
return(bestbias); |
| 452 |
|
|
} |
| 453 |
|
|
|
| 454 |
|
|
|
| 455 |
|
|
static |
| 456 |
|
|
alterneigh(rad,i,b,g,r) /* accepts biased BGR values */ |
| 457 |
|
|
int rad,i; |
| 458 |
|
|
register int b,g,r; |
| 459 |
|
|
{ |
| 460 |
|
|
register int j,k,lo,hi,a; |
| 461 |
|
|
register int *p, *q; |
| 462 |
|
|
|
| 463 |
|
|
lo = i-rad; |
| 464 |
|
|
if (lo<-1) lo= -1; |
| 465 |
|
|
hi = i+rad; |
| 466 |
|
|
if (hi>clrtabsiz) hi=clrtabsiz; |
| 467 |
|
|
|
| 468 |
|
|
j = i+1; |
| 469 |
|
|
k = i-1; |
| 470 |
|
|
q = radpower; |
| 471 |
|
|
while ((j<hi) || (k>lo)) { |
| 472 |
|
|
a = (*(++q)); |
| 473 |
|
|
if (j<hi) { |
| 474 |
|
|
p = network[j]; |
| 475 |
|
|
*p -= (a*(*p - b)) / alpharadbias; |
| 476 |
|
|
p++; |
| 477 |
|
|
*p -= (a*(*p - g)) / alpharadbias; |
| 478 |
|
|
p++; |
| 479 |
|
|
*p -= (a*(*p - r)) / alpharadbias; |
| 480 |
|
|
j++; |
| 481 |
|
|
} |
| 482 |
|
|
if (k>lo) { |
| 483 |
|
|
p = network[k]; |
| 484 |
|
|
*p -= (a*(*p - b)) / alpharadbias; |
| 485 |
|
|
p++; |
| 486 |
|
|
*p -= (a*(*p - g)) / alpharadbias; |
| 487 |
|
|
p++; |
| 488 |
|
|
*p -= (a*(*p - r)) / alpharadbias; |
| 489 |
|
|
k--; |
| 490 |
|
|
} |
| 491 |
|
|
} |
| 492 |
|
|
} |
| 493 |
|
|
|
| 494 |
|
|
|
| 495 |
|
|
static |
| 496 |
|
|
altersingle(alpha,j,b,g,r) /* accepts biased BGR values */ |
| 497 |
|
|
register int alpha,j,b,g,r; |
| 498 |
|
|
{ |
| 499 |
|
|
register int *q; |
| 500 |
|
|
|
| 501 |
|
|
q = network[j]; /* alter hit neuron */ |
| 502 |
|
|
*q -= (alpha*(*q - b)) / initalpha; |
| 503 |
|
|
q++; |
| 504 |
|
|
*q -= (alpha*(*q - g)) / initalpha; |
| 505 |
|
|
q++; |
| 506 |
|
|
*q -= (alpha*(*q - r)) / initalpha; |
| 507 |
|
|
} |
| 508 |
|
|
|
| 509 |
|
|
|
| 510 |
|
|
static |
| 511 |
|
|
learn() |
| 512 |
|
|
{ |
| 513 |
|
|
register int i,j,b,g,r; |
| 514 |
|
|
int radius,rad,alpha,step,delta,upto; |
| 515 |
|
|
register unsigned char *p; |
| 516 |
|
|
unsigned char *lim; |
| 517 |
|
|
|
| 518 |
|
|
upto = lengthcount/(3*samplefac); |
| 519 |
|
|
delta = upto/ncycles; |
| 520 |
|
|
lim = thepicture + lengthcount; |
| 521 |
|
|
p = thepicture; |
| 522 |
|
|
alpha = initalpha; |
| 523 |
|
|
radius = initradius; |
| 524 |
|
|
rad = radius >> radiusbiasshift; |
| 525 |
|
|
if (rad <= 1) rad = 0; |
| 526 |
|
|
for (i=0; i<rad; i++) |
| 527 |
|
|
radpower[i] = alpha*(((rad*rad - i*i)*radbias)/(rad*rad)); |
| 528 |
|
|
|
| 529 |
|
|
if ((lengthcount%jump1) != 0) step = 3*jump1; |
| 530 |
|
|
else { |
| 531 |
|
|
if ((lengthcount%jump2) !=0) step = 3*jump2; |
| 532 |
|
|
else { |
| 533 |
|
|
if ((lengthcount%jump3) !=0) step = 3*jump3; |
| 534 |
|
|
else step = 3*jump4; |
| 535 |
|
|
} |
| 536 |
|
|
} |
| 537 |
|
|
i = 0; |
| 538 |
|
|
while (i < upto) { |
| 539 |
|
|
b = p[0] << netbiasshift; |
| 540 |
|
|
g = p[1] << netbiasshift; |
| 541 |
|
|
r = p[2] << netbiasshift; |
| 542 |
|
|
j = contest(b,g,r); |
| 543 |
|
|
|
| 544 |
|
|
altersingle(alpha,j,b,g,r); |
| 545 |
|
|
if (rad) alterneigh(rad,j,b,g,r); |
| 546 |
|
|
/* alter neighbours */ |
| 547 |
|
|
|
| 548 |
|
|
p += step; |
| 549 |
|
|
if (p >= lim) p -= lengthcount; |
| 550 |
|
|
|
| 551 |
|
|
i++; |
| 552 |
|
|
if (i%delta == 0) { |
| 553 |
|
|
alpha -= alpha / alphadec; |
| 554 |
|
|
radius -= radius / radiusdec; |
| 555 |
|
|
rad = radius >> radiusbiasshift; |
| 556 |
|
|
if (rad <= 1) rad = 0; |
| 557 |
|
|
for (j=0; j<rad; j++) |
| 558 |
|
|
radpower[j] = alpha*(((rad*rad - j*j)*radbias)/(rad*rad)); |
| 559 |
|
|
} |
| 560 |
|
|
} |
| 561 |
|
|
} |
| 562 |
|
|
|
| 563 |
|
|
static |
| 564 |
|
|
unbiasnet() |
| 565 |
|
|
{ |
| 566 |
|
|
int i,j; |
| 567 |
|
|
|
| 568 |
|
|
for (i=0; i<clrtabsiz; i++) { |
| 569 |
|
|
for (j=0; j<3; j++) |
| 570 |
|
|
network[i][j] >>= netbiasshift; |
| 571 |
|
|
network[i][3] = i; /* record colour no */ |
| 572 |
|
|
} |
| 573 |
|
|
} |
| 574 |
|
|
|
| 575 |
|
|
/* Don't do this until the network has been unbiased */ |
| 576 |
|
|
|
| 577 |
|
|
static |
| 578 |
|
|
cpyclrtab() |
| 579 |
|
|
{ |
| 580 |
|
|
register int i,j,k; |
| 581 |
|
|
|
| 582 |
|
|
for (j=0; j<clrtabsiz; j++) { |
| 583 |
|
|
k = network[j][3]; |
| 584 |
|
|
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) |
| 585 |
|
|
clrtab[k][i] = network[j][2-i]; |
| 586 |
|
|
} |
| 587 |
|
|
} |
