37 |
|
current color and current material. Initially, these contexts are |
38 |
|
unnamed, and have specific default values. The unnamed vertex is the |
39 |
|
origin. The unnamed color is neutral gray. The unnamed material is a |
40 |
< |
perfect absorber. The unnamed contexts may be modified, but those |
41 |
< |
modifications will not be saved. Thus, reestablishing an unnamed |
42 |
< |
context always gets its initial default value. To save a new context |
43 |
< |
or modify an old one, it must first be named. Entities associated with |
44 |
< |
named contexts (i.e. "v", "c" and "m") may be followed by an identifier |
45 |
< |
and an equals sign ('='), indicating a new context. If there is no |
46 |
< |
equals, then the context must already be defined, and the appearance of |
47 |
< |
the entity merely reestablishes this context. If the context id is |
48 |
< |
followed by an equals, then a new context is defined, destroying any |
49 |
< |
previous instance of that context name. Redefining or changing values |
50 |
< |
of a context does not affect earlier uses of the same name, however. |
51 |
< |
Contexts are always associated with a name id, which is any non-blank |
52 |
< |
sequence of printing ASCII characters. An optional template may be |
53 |
< |
given following the equals, which is a previously defined context to |
54 |
< |
use as a source of default values for this definition. If no template |
55 |
< |
is given, then the unnamed context of that type is used to set initial |
56 |
< |
values. Named contexts continue until the next context definition of |
57 |
< |
the same type. |
40 |
> |
perfect (two-sided) absorber. The unnamed contexts may be modified, |
41 |
> |
but those modifications will not be saved. Thus, reestablishing an |
42 |
> |
unnamed context always gets its initial default value. To save a new |
43 |
> |
context or modify an old one, it must first be named. Entities |
44 |
> |
associated with named contexts (i.e. "v", "c" and "m") may be followed |
45 |
> |
by an identifier and an equals sign ('='), indicating a new context. |
46 |
> |
If there is no equals, then the context must already be defined, and |
47 |
> |
the appearance of the entity merely reestablishes this context. If the |
48 |
> |
context id is followed by an equals, then a new context is defined, |
49 |
> |
destroying any previous instance of that context name. Redefining or |
50 |
> |
changing values of a context does not affect earlier uses of the same |
51 |
> |
name, however. Contexts are always associated with a name id, which is |
52 |
> |
any non-blank sequence of printing ASCII characters. An optional |
53 |
> |
template may be given following the equals, which is a previously |
54 |
> |
defined context to use as a source of default values for this |
55 |
> |
definition. If no template is given, then the unnamed context of that |
56 |
> |
type is used to set initial values. Named contexts continue until the |
57 |
> |
next context definition of the same type. |
58 |
|
|
59 |
|
Hierarchical Contexts |
60 |
|
===================== |
68 |
|
Note that this is strictly for ease of identification, and has no |
69 |
|
real meaning as far as the geometric description goes. In contrast, |
70 |
|
the transform entity is very significant as it determines how enclosing |
71 |
< |
objects are to be scaled and placed in the final description. |
71 |
> |
objects are to be scaled and placed in the final description. Hierarchical |
72 |
> |
contexts may be nested in any way, but should not overlap. |
73 |
|
|
74 |
|
Without further ado, here are the proposed entities and their interpretations: |
75 |
|
|
86 |
|
cspec l_min l_max v1 v2 .. set relative spectrum for current color |
87 |
|
cmix w1 c1 w2 c2 .. mix named colors to make current color |
88 |
|
m [id [= [template]]] get/set material context |
89 |
+ |
sides {1|2} set number of sides for current material |
90 |
|
rd rho_d set diffuse reflectance for current material |
91 |
|
td tau_d set diffuse transmittance for current material |
92 |
|
ed epsilon_d set diffuse emittance for current material |
97 |
|
sph vc radius sphere |
98 |
|
cyl v1 radius v2 truncated right cylinder (open-ended) |
99 |
|
cone v1 rad1 v2 rad2 truncated right cone (open-ended) |
100 |
< |
prism v1 v2 v3 .. length right prism (closed solid) |
100 |
> |
prism v1 v2 v3 .. length truncated right prism (closed solid) |
101 |
|
ring vc rmin rmax circular ring with inner and outer radii |
102 |
|
torus vc rmin rmax circular torus with inner and outer radii |
103 |
|
xf [xform] begin/end transformation context |
108 |
|
-------- -------- |
109 |
|
p, n vertex |
110 |
|
cxy, cspec, cmix color |
111 |
+ |
sides material |
112 |
|
rd, td, ed, rs, ts color, material |
113 |
|
f, sph, cyl, cone, ring, torus, prism material, object, transformation |
114 |
|
|
145 |
|
That is, with the thumb of the right hand pointing in the direction |
146 |
|
of the axis, rotation follows the curl of the fingers. |
147 |
|
|
148 |
< |
The transform command itself is also cumulative, and a transform |
149 |
< |
command with no arguments is used to return to the previous |
150 |
< |
condition. It is necessary that transforms and their end statements |
151 |
< |
("xf" by itself) be balanced in a file, so that later or enclosing |
152 |
< |
files are not affected. |
148 |
> |
The transform command itself is also cumulative, but in the reverse |
149 |
> |
order. That is, later transformations (i.e. enclosed transformations) |
150 |
> |
are prepended to existing (i.e. enclosing) ones. A transform command |
151 |
> |
with no arguments is used to return to the previous condition. It is |
152 |
> |
necessary that transforms and their end statements ("xf" by itself) be |
153 |
> |
balanced in a file, so that later or enclosing files are not affected. |
154 |
|
|
155 |
|
Transformations apply only to geometric types, e.g. polygons, spheres, etc. |
156 |
|
Vertices and the components that go into geometry are not directly affected. |
240 |
|
to group the following surfaces up until an empty object statement |
241 |
|
under a descriptive name for improved file readability. |
242 |
|
|
243 |
< |
Surfaces are one-sided, and appear invisible when viewed from the |
244 |
< |
back side. This means that a transmitting object will affect the |
245 |
< |
light coming in through the front surface and ignore the characteristics |
246 |
< |
of the back surface. As long as the characteristics are the same, |
247 |
< |
the results should be correct. If the rendering technique does not |
248 |
< |
allow for one-sided surfaces, an approximately correct result can |
249 |
< |
be obtained for transmitting surfaces by using the square root of |
250 |
< |
the given tau_s and half the given alpha_t. |
243 |
> |
Surfaces are two-sided unless the "sides" entity is used to set the |
244 |
> |
number of sides for a material to one. If a surfaces is one-sided, |
245 |
> |
then it appears invisible when viewed from the back side. This means |
246 |
> |
that a transmitting object will affect the light coming in through the |
247 |
> |
front surface and ignore the characteristics of the back surface. As |
248 |
> |
long as the characteristics are the same, the results should be |
249 |
> |
correct. If the rendering technique does not allow for one-sided |
250 |
> |
surfaces, an approximately correct result can be obtained for one-sided |
251 |
> |
transmitting surfaces by using the square root of the given tau_s and |
252 |
> |
half the given alpha_t. If a rendering technique does not permit |
253 |
> |
two-sided surfaces, then each surface must be made into two for |
254 |
> |
full compliance if "sides" is set to 2 (the default). |
255 |
|
|
256 |
|
The surface normal of a face is oriented by the right-hand rule. |
257 |
|
Specifically, the surface normal faces towards the viewer when the |
263 |
|
and a length value. The prism will be extruded so that the end-face |
264 |
|
points outward, unless the length value is negative, in which case the |
265 |
|
object is extruded in the opposite direction, resulting in inward- |
266 |
< |
directed surface normals. |
266 |
> |
directed surface normals. If surface normals are specified for the |
267 |
> |
vertices, they will be applied to the side faces but not the end |
268 |
> |
faces, and they must generally point in the appropriate direction |
269 |
> |
(i.e. in or out depending on whether extrusion is negative or positive). |
270 |
|
|
271 |
|
A sphere, cylinder or cone with negative radii is interpreted as having |
272 |
|
an inward facing surface normal. Otherwise, the normal is assumed |