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root/radiance/ray/src/common/malloc.c
Revision: 2.9
Committed: Tue Oct 24 09:45:07 1995 UTC (28 years, 6 months ago) by greg
Content type: text/plain
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 2.8: +2 -1 lines
Log Message:
modest improvement in compaction algorithm

File Contents

# User Rev Content
1 greg 2.3 /* Copyright (c) 1992 Regents of the University of California */
2 greg 1.1
3     #ifndef lint
4     static char SCCSid[] = "$SunId$ LBL";
5     #endif
6    
7     /*
8     * Fast malloc for memory hogs and VM environments.
9     * Performs a minimum of searching through free lists.
10 greg 1.4 * malloc(), realloc() and free() use buckets
11     * containing blocks in powers of two, similar to CIT routines.
12     * bfree() puts memory from any source into malloc free lists.
13     * bmalloc() doesn't keep track of free lists -- it's usually
14 greg 1.3 * just a buffered call to sbrk(2). However, bmalloc will
15     * call mscrounge() if sbrk fails.
16 greg 1.8 * mscrounge() returns whatever free memory it can find to satisfy the
17 greg 1.3 * request along with the number of bytes (modified).
18 greg 1.14 * mcompact() takes the same arguments as mscrounge() (and is in fact
19     * called by mscrounge() under dire circumstances), but it uses
20     * memory compaction to return a larger block. (MCOMP)
21 greg 1.1 *
22     * Greg Ward Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
23     */
24    
25 greg 1.6 #include <errno.h>
26    
27 greg 2.7 #ifndef BSD
28     #define bcopy(s,d,n) (void)memcpy(d,s,n)
29     #define bzero(d,n) (void)memset(d,0,n)
30     extern char *memcpy(), *memset();
31     #endif
32    
33 greg 1.9 #ifdef MSTATS
34     #include <stdio.h>
35 greg 2.6 static unsigned b_nsbrked = 0;
36 greg 1.9 static unsigned b_nalloced = 0;
37     static unsigned b_nfreed = 0;
38     static unsigned b_nscrounged = 0;
39 greg 1.14 static unsigned b_ncompacted = 0;
40 greg 1.9 static unsigned m_nalloced = 0;
41     static unsigned m_nfreed = 0;
42     static unsigned m_nwasted = 0;
43     #else
44 greg 1.1 #define NULL 0
45 greg 1.9 #endif
46 greg 1.1
47     #ifndef ALIGN
48     #define ALIGN int /* align type */
49     #endif
50     #define BYTES_WORD sizeof(ALIGN)
51    
52 greg 1.16 #ifndef MAXINCR
53 greg 1.9 #define MAXINCR (1<<16) /* largest sbrk(2) increment */
54 greg 1.1 #endif
55     /* malloc free lists */
56     typedef union m_head {
57     union m_head *next;
58 greg 1.12 struct {
59     short magic;
60     short bucket;
61     } a;
62 greg 1.1 ALIGN dummy;
63     } M_HEAD;
64    
65 greg 1.12 #define MAGIC 0x1a2 /* magic number for allocated memory */
66    
67 greg 1.1 #define FIRSTBUCKET 3
68     #define NBUCKETS 30
69    
70     static M_HEAD *free_list[NBUCKETS];
71    
72 greg 1.12 static ALIGN dummy_mem;
73 greg 1.1
74 greg 2.6 static char *memlim[2];
75    
76 greg 1.12 #define DUMMYLOC ((char *)&dummy_mem)
77 greg 1.10
78 greg 2.6 #define BADPTR(p) ((p) < memlim[0] | (p) >= memlim[1])
79    
80 greg 1.14 #ifdef MCOMP /* memory compaction routines */
81     static char seedtab[1024]; /* seed for compaction table */
82 greg 1.12
83 greg 1.14 static struct mblk {
84     char *ptr; /* pointer to memory block */
85     unsigned siz; /* size of memory block */
86     } cptab = {seedtab, sizeof(seedtab)};
87    
88     #define mtab(mb) ((struct mblk *)(mb)->ptr)
89     #define mtablen(mb) ((mb)->siz/sizeof(struct mblk))
90    
91    
92     static int
93     mbcmp(m1, m2) /* compare memory block locations */
94     register struct mblk *m1, *m2;
95     {
96     /* put empty blocks at end */
97     if (m1->siz == 0)
98     return(m2->siz == 0 ? 0 : 1);
99     if (m2->siz == 0)
100     return(-1);
101     /* otherwise, ascending order */
102     return(m1->ptr - m2->ptr);
103     }
104    
105    
106     int
107     compactfree() /* compact free lists (moving to table) */
108     {
109     register struct mblk *tp;
110     register int bucket;
111     unsigned n, bsiz, ncomp;
112     /* fill table from free lists */
113     tp = mtab(&cptab); n = mtablen(&cptab);
114     bucket = NBUCKETS-1; bsiz = 1<<(NBUCKETS-1);
115     ncomp = 0;
116     for ( ; ; ) {
117     while (tp->siz) { /* find empty slot */
118     if (--n == 0)
119     goto loopexit;
120     tp++;
121     }
122     while (free_list[bucket] == NULL) { /* find block */
123     if (--bucket < FIRSTBUCKET)
124     goto loopexit;
125     bsiz >>= 1;
126     }
127     tp->ptr = (char *)free_list[bucket];
128     ncomp += (tp->siz = bsiz + sizeof(M_HEAD));
129     free_list[bucket] = free_list[bucket]->next;
130     }
131     loopexit:
132     if (ncomp == 0)
133     return(0); /* nothing new to compact */
134     #ifdef MSTATS
135     b_ncompacted += ncomp;
136     #endif
137     tp = mtab(&cptab); n = mtablen(&cptab); /* sort table */
138     qsort((char *)tp, n, sizeof(struct mblk), mbcmp);
139     ncomp = 0; /* collect blocks */
140     while (--n && tp[1].siz) {
141     if (tp[0].ptr + tp[0].siz == tp[1].ptr) {
142     tp[1].ptr = tp[0].ptr;
143     tp[1].siz += tp[0].siz;
144     ncomp += tp[0].siz;
145     tp[0].siz = 0;
146     }
147     tp++;
148     }
149     return(ncomp);
150     }
151    
152    
153 greg 1.1 char *
154 greg 1.14 mcompact(np) /* compact free lists to satisfy request */
155     unsigned *np;
156     {
157     struct mblk *tab;
158     unsigned tablen;
159     register struct mblk *bp, *big;
160    
161     for ( ; ; ) {
162     /* compact free lists */
163 greg 2.9 while (compactfree())
164     ;
165 greg 1.14 /* find largest block */
166     tab = mtab(&cptab); tablen = mtablen(&cptab);
167     big = tab;
168     bp = tab + tablen;
169     while (--bp > tab)
170     if (bp->siz > big->siz)
171     big = bp;
172     if (big->siz >= *np) { /* big enough? */
173     *np = big->siz;
174     big->siz = 0; /* remove from table */
175     return(big->ptr); /* return it */
176     }
177 greg 2.7 if (mtablen(big) <= tablen) {
178 greg 1.14 *np = 0; /* cannot grow table */
179     return(NULL); /* report failure */
180     }
181     /* enlarge table, free old one */
182     mtab(big)[0].ptr = cptab.ptr;
183     mtab(big)[0].siz = cptab.siz;
184     cptab.ptr = big->ptr;
185     cptab.siz = big->siz;
186     big->siz = 0; /* clear and copy */
187     bcopy((char *)tab, (char *)(mtab(&cptab)+1),
188     tablen*sizeof(struct mblk));
189     bzero((char *)(mtab(&cptab)+tablen+1),
190     (mtablen(&cptab)-tablen-1)*sizeof(struct mblk));
191     } /* next round */
192     }
193     #endif /* MCOMP */
194    
195    
196     char *
197 greg 1.4 mscrounge(np) /* search free lists to satisfy request */
198 greg 1.3 register unsigned *np;
199     {
200     char *p;
201     register int bucket;
202     register unsigned bsiz;
203    
204     for (bucket = FIRSTBUCKET, bsiz = 1<<FIRSTBUCKET;
205     bucket < NBUCKETS; bucket++, bsiz <<= 1)
206     if (free_list[bucket] != NULL && bsiz+sizeof(M_HEAD) >= *np) {
207     *np = bsiz+sizeof(M_HEAD);
208     p = (char *)free_list[bucket];
209     free_list[bucket] = free_list[bucket]->next;
210 greg 1.9 #ifdef MSTATS
211     b_nscrounged += *np;
212     #endif
213 greg 1.3 return(p);
214     }
215 greg 1.14 #ifdef MCOMP
216     return(mcompact(np)); /* try compaction */
217     #else
218 greg 1.3 *np = 0;
219     return(NULL);
220 greg 1.14 #endif
221 greg 1.3 }
222    
223    
224     char *
225 greg 1.1 bmalloc(n) /* allocate a block of n bytes, sans header */
226     register unsigned n;
227     {
228     extern char *sbrk();
229 greg 1.3 static unsigned pagesz = 0;
230     static unsigned amnt;
231 greg 1.1 static char *bpos;
232 greg 1.3 static unsigned nrem;
233     unsigned thisamnt;
234 greg 1.1 register char *p;
235    
236     if (pagesz == 0) { /* initialize */
237 greg 1.2 pagesz = amnt = getpagesize();
238 greg 1.1 nrem = (int)sbrk(0); /* page align break */
239     nrem = pagesz - (nrem&(pagesz-1));
240 greg 2.3 bpos = sbrk(nrem);
241 greg 1.1 if ((int)bpos == -1)
242     return(NULL);
243 greg 1.14 #ifdef MSTATS
244     b_nsbrked += nrem;
245     #endif
246 greg 2.4 bpos += nrem & (BYTES_WORD-1); /* align pointer */
247     nrem &= ~(BYTES_WORD-1);
248 greg 2.6 memlim[0] = bpos;
249     memlim[1] = bpos + nrem;
250 greg 1.1 }
251    
252     n = (n+(BYTES_WORD-1))&~(BYTES_WORD-1); /* word align rqst. */
253    
254     if (n > nrem) { /* need more core */
255 greg 2.8 tryagain:
256 greg 1.3 if (n > amnt) { /* big chunk */
257     thisamnt = (n+(pagesz-1))&~(pagesz-1);
258     if (thisamnt <= MAXINCR) /* increase amnt */
259     amnt = thisamnt;
260     } else
261     thisamnt = amnt;
262     p = sbrk(thisamnt);
263 greg 1.4 if ((int)p == -1) { /* uh-oh, ENOMEM */
264 greg 2.8 errno = 0; /* call cavalry */
265     if (thisamnt >= n+pagesz) {
266     amnt = pagesz; /* minimize request */
267     goto tryagain;
268     }
269     thisamnt = n;
270     p = mscrounge(&thisamnt); /* search free lists */
271     if (p == NULL) { /* we're really out */
272     errno = ENOMEM;
273 greg 1.3 return(NULL);
274 greg 2.8 }
275 greg 1.3 }
276 greg 1.14 #ifdef MSTATS
277     else b_nsbrked += thisamnt;
278     #endif
279 greg 1.3 if (p != bpos+nrem) { /* not an increment */
280 greg 1.4 bfree(bpos, nrem); /* free what we have */
281 greg 1.1 bpos = p;
282 greg 1.3 nrem = thisamnt;
283 greg 1.4 } else /* otherwise tack on */
284 greg 1.3 nrem += thisamnt;
285 greg 2.6 if (bpos < memlim[0])
286     memlim[0] = bpos;
287     if (bpos + nrem > memlim[1])
288     memlim[1] = bpos + nrem;
289 greg 1.1 }
290     p = bpos;
291     bpos += n; /* advance */
292     nrem -= n;
293 greg 1.13 #ifdef MSTATS
294     b_nalloced += n;
295     #endif
296 greg 1.1 return(p);
297     }
298    
299    
300     bfree(p, n) /* free n bytes of random memory */
301 greg 1.2 register char *p;
302     register unsigned n;
303 greg 1.1 {
304     register int bucket;
305     register unsigned bsiz;
306 greg 1.9
307 greg 1.15 if (n < 1<<FIRSTBUCKET)
308     return;
309 greg 1.9 #ifdef MSTATS
310     b_nfreed += n;
311     #endif
312 greg 1.4 /* align pointer */
313 greg 1.6 bsiz = BYTES_WORD - ((unsigned)p&(BYTES_WORD-1));
314 greg 1.4 if (bsiz < BYTES_WORD) {
315     p += bsiz;
316     n -= bsiz;
317 greg 1.1 }
318 greg 2.6 if (p < memlim[0])
319     memlim[0] = p;
320     if (p + n > memlim[1])
321     memlim[1] = p + n;
322 greg 1.4 /* fill big buckets first */
323     for (bucket = NBUCKETS-1, bsiz = 1<<(NBUCKETS-1);
324     bucket >= FIRSTBUCKET; bucket--, bsiz >>= 1)
325     if (n >= bsiz+sizeof(M_HEAD)) {
326     ((M_HEAD *)p)->next = free_list[bucket];
327     free_list[bucket] = (M_HEAD *)p;
328     p += bsiz+sizeof(M_HEAD);
329     n -= bsiz+sizeof(M_HEAD);
330     }
331 greg 1.1 }
332    
333    
334     char *
335     malloc(n) /* allocate n bytes of memory */
336     unsigned n;
337     {
338     register M_HEAD *mp;
339     register int bucket;
340     register unsigned bsiz;
341 greg 1.10 /* don't return NULL on 0 request */
342     if (n == 0)
343     return(DUMMYLOC);
344 greg 1.2 /* find first bucket that fits */
345 greg 1.6 for (bucket = FIRSTBUCKET, bsiz = 1<<FIRSTBUCKET;
346     bucket < NBUCKETS; bucket++, bsiz <<= 1)
347     if (bsiz >= n)
348     break;
349     if (bucket >= NBUCKETS) {
350     errno = EINVAL;
351     return(NULL);
352     }
353 greg 1.4 if (free_list[bucket] == NULL) { /* need more core */
354 greg 1.1 mp = (M_HEAD *)bmalloc(bsiz+sizeof(M_HEAD));
355     if (mp == NULL)
356     return(NULL);
357 greg 1.4 } else { /* got it */
358 greg 1.1 mp = free_list[bucket];
359     free_list[bucket] = mp->next;
360     }
361 greg 1.13 #ifdef MSTATS
362     m_nalloced += bsiz + sizeof(M_HEAD);
363     m_nwasted += bsiz + sizeof(M_HEAD) - n;
364     #endif
365 greg 1.12 mp->a.magic = MAGIC; /* tag block */
366     mp->a.bucket = bucket;
367 greg 1.1 return((char *)(mp+1));
368     }
369    
370    
371     char *
372     realloc(op, n) /* reallocate memory using malloc() */
373 greg 1.6 register char *op;
374 greg 1.1 unsigned n;
375     {
376 greg 1.6 char *p;
377 greg 1.1 register unsigned on;
378 greg 1.6 /* get old size */
379 greg 2.6 if (op != DUMMYLOC && !BADPTR(op) &&
380     ((M_HEAD *)op-1)->a.magic == MAGIC)
381 greg 1.12 on = 1 << ((M_HEAD *)op-1)->a.bucket;
382 greg 1.5 else
383     on = 0;
384 greg 1.6 if (n <= on && (n > on>>1 || on == 1<<FIRSTBUCKET))
385 greg 1.5 return(op); /* same bucket */
386 greg 1.13 if ((p = malloc(n)) == NULL)
387 greg 2.5 return(n<=on ? op : NULL);
388 greg 1.13 if (on) {
389 greg 1.2 bcopy(op, p, n>on ? on : n);
390 greg 1.13 free(op);
391     }
392 greg 1.1 return(p);
393     }
394    
395    
396     free(p) /* free memory allocated by malloc */
397     char *p;
398     {
399     register M_HEAD *mp;
400     register int bucket;
401    
402 greg 2.6 if (p == DUMMYLOC)
403 greg 1.13 return(1);
404 greg 2.6 if (BADPTR(p))
405     goto invalid;
406 greg 1.1 mp = (M_HEAD *)p - 1;
407 greg 1.12 if (mp->a.magic != MAGIC) /* sanity check */
408 greg 2.6 goto invalid;
409 greg 1.12 bucket = mp->a.bucket;
410 greg 2.2 if (bucket < FIRSTBUCKET | bucket >= NBUCKETS)
411 greg 2.6 goto invalid;
412 greg 1.1 mp->next = free_list[bucket];
413     free_list[bucket] = mp;
414 greg 1.9 #ifdef MSTATS
415     m_nfreed += (1 << bucket) + sizeof(M_HEAD);
416     #endif
417 greg 1.13 return(1);
418 greg 2.6 invalid:
419     errno = EINVAL;
420     return(0);
421 greg 1.1 }
422 greg 1.9
423    
424     #ifdef MSTATS
425     printmemstats(fp) /* print memory statistics to stream */
426     FILE *fp;
427     {
428     register int i;
429     int n;
430     register M_HEAD *mp;
431     unsigned int total = 0;
432    
433     fprintf(fp, "Memory statistics:\n");
434 greg 1.14 fprintf(fp, "\tbmalloc: %d bytes from sbrk\n", b_nsbrked);
435 greg 1.9 fprintf(fp, "\tbmalloc: %d bytes allocated\n", b_nalloced);
436     fprintf(fp, "\tbmalloc: %d bytes freed\n", b_nfreed);
437     fprintf(fp, "\tbmalloc: %d bytes scrounged\n", b_nscrounged);
438 greg 1.14 fprintf(fp, "\tbmalloc: %d bytes compacted\n", b_ncompacted);
439 greg 1.9 fprintf(fp, "\tmalloc: %d bytes allocated\n", m_nalloced);
440     fprintf(fp, "\tmalloc: %d bytes wasted (%.1f%%)\n", m_nwasted,
441     100.0*m_nwasted/m_nalloced);
442     fprintf(fp, "\tmalloc: %d bytes freed\n", m_nfreed);
443     for (i = NBUCKETS-1; i >= FIRSTBUCKET; i--) {
444     n = 0;
445     for (mp = free_list[i]; mp != NULL; mp = mp->next)
446     n++;
447     if (n) {
448     fprintf(fp, "\t%d * %u\n", n, 1<<i);
449     total += n * ((1<<i) + sizeof(M_HEAD));
450     }
451     }
452     fprintf(fp, "\t %u total bytes in free list\n", total);
453     }
454 greg 1.1 #endif