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# Line 1 | Line 1
1   <html>
2 + <!-- RCSid $Id$ -->
3   <head>
4   <title>
5 < The RADIANCE 4.0 Synthetic Imaging System
5 > The RADIANCE 5.2 Synthetic Imaging System
6   </title>
7   </head>
8   <body>
# Line 9 | Line 10 | The RADIANCE 4.0 Synthetic Imaging System
10   <p>
11  
12   <h1>
13 < The RADIANCE 4.0 Synthetic Imaging System
13 > The RADIANCE 5.2 Synthetic Imaging System
14   </h1>
15  
16   <p>
# Line 797 | Line 798 | unless the line integrals consider enclosed geometry.
798  
799   <dd>
800          Trans2 is the anisotropic version of <a HREF="#Trans">trans</a>.  
801 <        The string arguments  are  the same as for plastic2, and the real arguments are the same as  for  trans  but  with  an  additional roughness value.
801 >        The string arguments  are  the same as for <a HREF="#Plastic2">plastic2</a>,
802 >        and the real arguments are the same as  for  trans  but  with  an  additional roughness value.
803  
804   <pre>
805          mod trans2 id
# Line 809 | Line 811 | unless the line integrals consider enclosed geometry.
811   <p>
812  
813   <dt>
814 +        <a NAME="Ashik2">
815 +        <b>Ashik2</b>
816 +        </a>
817 +
818 + <dd>
819 +        Ashik2 is the anisotropic reflectance model by Ashikhmin & Shirley.
820 +        The string arguments are the same as for <a HREF="#Plastic2">plastic2</a>, but the real
821 +        arguments have additional flexibility to specify the specular color.
822 +        Also, rather than roughness, specular power is used, which has no
823 +        physical meaning other than larger numbers are equivalent to a smoother
824 +        surface.
825 + <pre>
826 +        mod ashik2 id
827 +        4+ ux uy uz funcfile transform
828 +        0
829 +        8 dred dgrn dblu sred sgrn sblu u-power v-power
830 + </pre>
831 +
832 + <p>
833 +
834 + <dt>
835          <a NAME="Dielectric">
836          <b>Dielectric</b>
837          </a>
# Line 1053 | Line 1076 | unless the line integrals consider enclosed geometry.
1076   <p>
1077  
1078   <dt>
1079 +        <a NAME="BSDF">
1080 +        <b>BSDF</b>
1081 +        </a>
1082 +
1083 + <dd>
1084 +        The BSDF material type loads an XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
1085 +        file describing a bidirectional scattering distribution function.
1086 +        Real arguments to this material may define additional
1087 +        diffuse components that augment the BSDF data.
1088 +        String arguments are used to define thickness for proxied
1089 +        surfaces and the &quot;up&quot; orientation for the material.
1090 +
1091 + <pre>
1092 +        mod BSDF id
1093 +        6+ thick BSDFfile ux uy uz funcfile transform
1094 +        0
1095 +        0|3|6|9
1096 +                rfdif gfdif bfdif
1097 +                rbdif gbdif bbdif
1098 +                rtdif gtdif btdif
1099 + </pre>
1100 +
1101 + <p>
1102 +        The first string argument is a &quot;thickness&quot; parameter that may be used
1103 +        to hide detail geometry being proxied by an aggregate BSDF material.
1104 +        If a view or shadow ray hits a BSDF proxy with non-zero thickness,
1105 +        it will pass directly through as if the surface were not there.
1106 +        Similar to the illum type, this permits direct viewing and
1107 +        shadow testing of complex geometry.
1108 +        The BSDF is used when a scattered (indirect) ray hits the surface,
1109 +        and any transmitted sample rays will be offset by the thickness amount
1110 +        to avoid the hidden geometry and gather samples from the other side.
1111 +        In this manner, BSDF surfaces can improve the results for indirect
1112 +        scattering from complex systems without sacrificing appearance or
1113 +        shadow accuracy.
1114 +        If the BSDF has transmission and back-side reflection data,
1115 +        a parallel BSDF surface may be
1116 +        placed slightly less than the given thickness away from the front surface
1117 +        to enclose the complex geometry on both sides.
1118 +        The sign of the thickness is important, as it indicates
1119 +        whether the proxied geometry is behind the BSDF
1120 +        surface (when thickness is positive) or in front (when
1121 +        thickness is negative).
1122 + <p>
1123 +        The second string argument is the name of the BSDF file,
1124 +        which is found in the usual auxiliary locations.  The
1125 +        following three string parameters name variables for an
1126 +        &quot;up&quot; vector, which together with the surface
1127 +        normal, define the local coordinate system that orients the
1128 +        BSDF.  These variables, along with the thickness, are defined
1129 +        in a function file given as the next string argument.  An
1130 +        optional transform is used to scale the thickness and
1131 +        reorient the up vector.
1132 + <p>
1133 +        If no real arguments are given, the BSDF is used by itself
1134 +        to determine reflection and transmission.  If there are at
1135 +        least 3 real arguments, the first triplet is an additional
1136 +        diffuse reflectance for the front side.  At least 6 real
1137 +        arguments adds diffuse reflectance to the rear side of the
1138 +        surface.  If there are 9 real arguments, the final triplet
1139 +        will be taken as an additional diffuse transmittance.  All
1140 +        diffuse components as well as the non-diffuse transmission
1141 +        are modified by patterns applied to this material.  The
1142 +        non-diffuse reflection from either side are unaffected.
1143 +        Textures perturb the effective surface normal in the usual
1144 +        way.
1145 + <p>
1146 +        The surface normal of this type is not altered to face the
1147 +        incoming ray, so the front and back BSDF reflections may
1148 +        differ.  (Transmission is identical front-to-back by physical
1149 +        law.) If back visibility is turned off during rendering and
1150 +        there is no transmission or back-side reflection, only then
1151 +        the surface will be invisible from behind.  Unlike other
1152 +        data-driven material types, the BSDF type is fully supported
1153 +        and all parts of the distribution are properly sampled.
1154 + <p>
1155 +
1156 + <dt>
1157 +        <a NAME="sBSDF">
1158 +        <b>sBSDF</b>
1159 +        </a>
1160 +
1161 + <dd>
1162 +        The sBSDF material is identical to the BSDF type with two
1163 +        important differences.  First, proxy geometry is not
1164 +        supported, so there is no thickness parameter.  Second, an
1165 +        sBSDF is assumed to have some specular through component,
1166 +        which is treated specially during the direct calculation
1167 +        and when viewing the material.  Based on the BSDF data, the
1168 +        coefficient of specular transmission is determined and used
1169 +        for modifying unscattered shadow and view rays.
1170 +
1171 + <pre>
1172 +        mod sBSDF id
1173 +        5+ BSDFfile ux uy uz funcfile transform
1174 +        0
1175 +        0|3|6|9
1176 +             rfdif gfdif bfdif
1177 +             rbdif gbdif bbdif
1178 +             rtdif gtdif btdif
1179 + </pre>
1180 +
1181 + <p>
1182 +        If a material has no specular transmitted component, it is
1183 +        much better to use the BSDF type with a zero thickness
1184 +        than to use sBSDF.
1185 + <p>
1186 +
1187 + <dt>
1188          <a NAME="Antimatter">
1189          <b>Antimatter</b>
1190          </a>
# Line 1336 | Line 1468 | or:
1468   </h4>
1469  
1470   A mixture is a blend of one or more materials or textures and patterns.
1471 + Blended materials should not be light source types or virtual source types.
1472   The basic types are given below.
1473  
1474   <p>
# Line 1408 | Line 1541 | A mixfunc mixes  two  modifiers  procedurally.   It  i
1541          arguments, the red, green and blue values
1542          corresponding to the pixel at (u,v).
1543  
1411 – </dl>
1544   <p>
1545  
1546   <dt>
# Line 1710 | Line 1842 | Pictures may be displayed directly under X11 using the
1842   or converted a standard image format using one of the following
1843   <b>translators</b>:
1844          <ul>
1845 <        <li> <b>Ra_avs</b>
1846 <                converts to and from AVS image format.
1715 <        <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_pict.1.html"><b>Ra_pict</b></a>
1716 <                converts to Macintosh 32-bit PICT2 format.
1845 >        <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_bmp.1.html"><b>Ra_bmp</b>
1846 >                converts to and from BMP image format.
1847          <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_ppm.1.html"><b>Ra_ppm</b></a>
1848                  converts to and from Poskanzer Portable Pixmap formats.
1719 –        <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_pr.1.html"><b>Ra_pr</b></a>
1720 –                converts to and from Sun 8-bit rasterfile format.
1721 –        <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_pr24.1.html"><b>Ra_pr24</b></a>
1722 –                converts to and from Sun 24-bit rasterfile format.
1849          <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_ps.1.html"><b>Ra_ps</b></a>
1850                  converts to PostScript color and greyscale formats.
1851          <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_rgbe.1.html"><b>Ra_rgbe</b></a>
# Line 1745 | Line 1871 | or converted a standard image format using one of the
1871   <pre>
1872   The Radiance Software License, Version 1.0
1873  
1874 < Copyright (c) 1990 - 2010 The Regents of the University of California,
1874 > Copyright (c) 1990 - 2014 The Regents of the University of California,
1875   through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.   All rights reserved.
1876  
1877   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# Line 1779 | Line 1905 | are met:
1905        nor may &quot;Radiance&quot; appear in their name, without prior written
1906        permission of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
1907  
1908 < THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
1908 > THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS&quot; AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
1909   WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
1910   OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1911   DISCLAIMED.   IN NO EVENT SHALL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory OR
# Line 1818 | Line 1944 | Ecole  Polytechnique  Federale de Lausanne (EPFL Unive
1944   </h2>
1945   <p>
1946   <ul>
1947 +    <li>McNeil, A., C.J. Jonsson, D. Appelfeld, G. Ward, E.S. Lee,
1948 +        &quot;<a href="http://gaia.lbl.gov/btech/papers/4414.pdf">
1949 +        A validation of a ray-tracing tool used to generate
1950 +        bi-directional scattering distribution functions for
1951 +        complex fenestration systems</a>,&quot;
1952 +        <em>Solar Energy</em>, 98, 404-14,
1953 +        November 2013.
1954 +    <li>Ward, G., R. Mistrick, E.S. Lee, A. McNeil, J. Jonsson,
1955 +        &quot;<a href="http://gaia.lbl.gov/btech/papers/4414.pdf">Simulating
1956 +        the Daylight Performance of Complex Fenestration Systems
1957 +        Using Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions within
1958 +        Radiance</a>,&quot;
1959 +        <em>Leukos</em>, 7(4)
1960 +        April 2011.
1961      <li>Cater, Kirsten, Alan Chalmers, Greg Ward,
1962          &quot;<a href="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/egsr2003.pdf">Detail to Attention:
1963          Exploiting Visual Tasks for Selective Rendering</a>,&quot;
1964          <em>Eurographics Symposium
1965          on Rendering 2003</em>, June 2003.
1966      <li>Ward, Greg, Elena Eydelberg-Vileshin,
1967 <        ``<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/egwr02/index.html">Picture Perfect RGB
1968 <        Rendering Using Spectral Prefiltering and Sharp Color Primaries</a>,''
1967 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/egwr02/index.html">Picture Perfect RGB
1968 >        Rendering Using Spectral Prefiltering and Sharp Color Primaries</a>,&quot;
1969          Thirteenth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering (2002),
1970          P. Debevec and S. Gibson (Editors), June 2002.
1971      <li>Ward, Gregory,
1972 <        ``<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/cic01.pdf">High Dynamic Range Imaging</a>,''
1972 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/cic01.pdf">High Dynamic Range Imaging</a>,&quot;
1973          Proceedings of the Ninth Color Imaging Conference, November 2001.
1974      <li>Ward, Gregory and Maryann Simmons,
1975 <        ``<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/tog99.pdf">
1975 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/tog99.pdf">
1976          The Holodeck Ray Cache: An Interactive Rendering System for Global Illumination in Nondiffuse
1977 <        Environments</a>,'' ACM Transactions on Graphics, 18(4):361-98, October 1999.
1978 <    <li>Larson, G.W., ``<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/ewp98.pdf">The Holodeck: A Parallel
1979 <        Ray-caching Rendering System</a>,'' Proceedings of the Second
1977 >        Environments</a>,&quot; ACM Transactions on Graphics, 18(4):361-98, October 1999.
1978 >    <li>Larson, G.W., &quot;<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/ewp98.pdf">The Holodeck: A Parallel
1979 >        Ray-caching Rendering System</a>,&quot; Proceedings of the Second
1980          Eurographics Workshop on Parallel Graphics and Visualisation,
1981          September 1998.
1982      <li>Larson, G.W. and R.A. Shakespeare,
# Line 1844 | Line 1984 | Ecole  Polytechnique  Federale de Lausanne (EPFL Unive
1984          the Art and Science of Lighting Visualization</em></a>,
1985          Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1998.
1986      <li>Larson, G.W., H. Rushmeier, C. Piatko,
1987 <        ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/lbnl39882/tonemap.pdf">A Visibility
1987 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/lbnl39882/tonemap.pdf">A Visibility
1988          Matching Tone Reproduction Operator for
1989 <        High Dynamic Range Scenes</a>,'' LBNL Technical Report 39882,
1989 >        High Dynamic Range Scenes</a>,&quot; LBNL Technical Report 39882,
1990          January 1997.
1991 <    <li>Ward, G., ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw95.1/paper.html">Making
1992 <        Global Illumination User-Friendly</a>,'' Sixth
1991 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw95.1/paper.html">Making
1992 >        Global Illumination User-Friendly</a>,&quot; Sixth
1993          Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Springer-Verlag,
1994          Dublin, Ireland, June 1995.</li>
1995      <li>Rushmeier, H., G. Ward, C. Piatko, P. Sanders, B. Rust,
1996 <        ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/mgf/compare.html">
1996 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/mgf/compare.html">
1997          Comparing Real and Synthetic Images: Some Ideas about
1998 <        Metrics</a>,'' Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering,
1998 >        Metrics</a>,&quot; Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering,
1999          Springer-Verlag, Dublin, Ireland, June 1995.</li>
2000 <    <li>Ward, G., ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg94.1/paper.html">The RADIANCE
2001 <        Lighting Simulation and Rendering System</a>,'' <em>Computer
2000 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg94.1/paper.html">The RADIANCE
2001 >        Lighting Simulation and Rendering System</a>,&quot; <em>Computer
2002          Graphics</em>, July 1994.</li>
2003 <    <li>Rushmeier, H., G. Ward, ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg94.2/energy.html">Energy
2004 <        Preserving Non-Linear Filters</a>,'' <em>Computer
2003 >    <li>Rushmeier, H., G. Ward, &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg94.2/energy.html">Energy
2004 >        Preserving Non-Linear Filters</a>,&quot; <em>Computer
2005          Graphics</em>, July 1994.</li>
2006 <    <li>Ward, G., ``A Contrast-Based Scalefactor for Luminance
2007 <        Display,'' <em>Graphics Gems IV</em>, Edited by Paul Heckbert,
2006 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;A Contrast-Based Scalefactor for Luminance
2007 >        Display,&quot; <em>Graphics Gems IV</em>, Edited by Paul Heckbert,
2008          Academic Press 1994.</li>
2009 <    <li>Ward, G., ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg92/paper.html">Measuring and
2010 <        Modeling Anisotropic Reflection</a>,'' <em>Computer
2009 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg92/paper.html">Measuring and
2010 >        Modeling Anisotropic Reflection</a>,&quot; <em>Computer
2011          Graphics</em>, Vol. 26, No. 2, July 1992. </li>
2012 <    <li>Ward, G., P. Heckbert, ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw92/paper.html">Irradiance
2013 <        Gradients</a>,'' Third Annual Eurographics Workshop on
2012 >    <li>Ward, G., P. Heckbert, &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw92/paper.html">Irradiance
2013 >        Gradients</a>,&quot; Third Annual Eurographics Workshop on
2014          Rendering, Springer-Verlag, May 1992. </li>
2015 <    <li>Ward, G., ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw91/erw91.html">Adaptive Shadow
2016 <        Testing for Ray Tracing</a>'' Photorealistic Rendering in
2015 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw91/erw91.html">Adaptive Shadow
2016 >        Testing for Ray Tracing</a>&quot; Photorealistic Rendering in
2017          Computer Graphics, proceedings of 1991 Eurographics
2018          Rendering Workshop, edited by P. Brunet and F.W. Jansen,
2019          Springer-Verlag. </li>
2020 <    <li>Ward, G., ``Visualization,'' <em>Lighting Design and
2020 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;Visualization,&quot; <em>Lighting Design and
2021          Application</em>, Vol. 20, No. 6, June 1990. </li>
2022 <    <li>Ward, G., F. Rubinstein, R. Clear, ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg88/paper.html">A Ray Tracing Solution for
2023 <        Diffuse Interreflection</a>,'' <em>Computer Graphics</em>,
2022 >    <li>Ward, G., F. Rubinstein, R. Clear, &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg88/paper.html">A Ray Tracing Solution for
2023 >        Diffuse Interreflection</a>,&quot; <em>Computer Graphics</em>,
2024          Vol. 22, No. 4, August 1988. </li>
2025 <    <li>Ward, G., F. Rubinstein, ``A New Technique for Computer
2026 <        Simulation of Illuminated Spaces,'' <em>Journal of the
2025 >    <li>Ward, G., F. Rubinstein, &quot;A New Technique for Computer
2026 >        Simulation of Illuminated Spaces,&quot; <em>Journal of the
2027          Illuminating Engineering Society</em>, Vol. 17, No. 1,
2028          Winter 1988. </li>
2029   </ul>
# Line 1921 | Line 2061 | SURFACES       MATERIALS       TEXTURES        PATTERNS        MIXTURES</h4>
2061                  <a HREF="#Plasdata">Plasdata</a>
2062                  <a HREF="#Metdata">Metdata</a>
2063                  <a HREF="#Transdata">Transdata</a>
2064 +                <a HREF="#BSDF">BSDF</a>
2065                  <a HREF="#Antimatter">Antimatter</a>
2066                                  
2067   </pre>

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