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# Line 1 | Line 1
1   <html>
2   <head>
3   <title>
4 < The RADIANCE 3.8 Synthetic Imaging System
4 > The RADIANCE 4.2 Synthetic Imaging System
5   </title>
6   </head>
7   <body>
# Line 9 | Line 9 | The RADIANCE 3.8 Synthetic Imaging System
9   <p>
10  
11   <h1>
12 < The RADIANCE 3.8 Synthetic Imaging System
12 > The RADIANCE 4.2 Synthetic Imaging System
13   </h1>
14  
15   <p>
# Line 1053 | Line 1053 | unless the line integrals consider enclosed geometry.
1053   <p>
1054  
1055   <dt>
1056 +        <a NAME="BSDF">
1057 +        <b>BSDF</b>
1058 +        </a>
1059 +
1060 + <dd>
1061 +        The BSDF material type loads an XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
1062 +        file describing a bidirectional scattering distribution function.
1063 +        Real arguments to this material may define additional
1064 +        diffuse components that augment the BSDF data.
1065 +        String arguments are used to define thickness for proxied
1066 +        surfaces and the &quot;up&quot; orientation for the material.
1067 +
1068 + <pre>
1069 +        mod BSDF id
1070 +        6+ thick BSDFfile ux uy uz funcfile transform
1071 +        0
1072 +        0|3|6|9
1073 +                rfdif gfdif bfdif
1074 +                rbdif gbdif bbdif
1075 +                rtdif gtdif btdif
1076 + </pre>
1077 +
1078 + <p>
1079 +        The first string argument is a &quot;thickness&quot; parameter that may be used
1080 +        to hide detail geometry being proxied by an aggregate BSDF material.
1081 +        If a view or shadow ray hits a BSDF proxy with non-zero thickness,
1082 +        it will pass directly through as if the surface were not there.
1083 +        Similar to the illum type, this permits direct viewing and
1084 +        shadow testing of complex geometry.
1085 +        The BSDF is used when a scattered (indirect) ray hits the surface,
1086 +        and any transmitted sample rays will be offset by the thickness amount
1087 +        to avoid the hidden geometry and gather samples from the other side.
1088 +        In this manner, BSDF surfaces can improve the results for indirect
1089 +        scattering from complex systems without sacrificing appearance or
1090 +        shadow accuracy.
1091 +        If the BSDF has transmission and back-side reflection data,
1092 +        a parallel BSDF surface may be
1093 +        placed slightly less than the given thickness away from the front surface
1094 +        to enclose the complex geometry on both sides.
1095 +        The sign of the thickness is important, as it indicates
1096 +        whether the proxied geometry is behind the BSDF
1097 +        surface (when thickness is positive) or in front (when
1098 +        thickness is negative).
1099 + <p>
1100 +        The second string argument is the name of the BSDF file,
1101 +        which is found in the usual auxiliary locations.  The
1102 +        following three string parameters name variables for an
1103 +        &quot;up&quot; vector, which together with the surface
1104 +        normal, define the local coordinate system that orients the
1105 +        BSDF.  These variables, along with the thickness, are defined
1106 +        in a function file given as the next string argument.  An
1107 +        optional transform is used to scale the thickness and
1108 +        reorient the up vector.
1109 + <p>
1110 +        If no real arguments are given, the BSDF is used by itself
1111 +        to determine reflection and transmission.  If there are at
1112 +        least 3 real arguments, the first triplet is an additional
1113 +        diffuse reflectance for the front side.  At least 6 real
1114 +        arguments adds diffuse reflectance to the rear side of the
1115 +        surface.  If there are 9 real arguments, the final triplet
1116 +        will be taken as an additional diffuse transmittance.  All
1117 +        diffuse components as well as the non-diffuse transmission
1118 +        are modified by patterns applied to this material.  The
1119 +        non-diffuse reflection from either side are unaffected.
1120 +        Textures perturb the effective surface normal in the usual
1121 +        way.
1122 + <p>
1123 +        The surface normal of this type is not altered to face the
1124 +        incoming ray, so the front and back BSDF reflections may
1125 +        differ.  (Transmission is identical front-to-back by physical
1126 +        law.) If back visibility is turned off during rendering and
1127 +        there is no transmission or back-side reflection, only then
1128 +        the surface will be invisible from behind.  Unlike other
1129 +        data-driven material types, the BSDF type is fully supported
1130 +        and all parts of the distribution are properly sampled.
1131 + <p>
1132 +
1133 + <dt>
1134          <a NAME="Antimatter">
1135          <b>Antimatter</b>
1136          </a>
# Line 1365 | Line 1443 | A mixfunc mixes  two  modifiers  procedurally.   It  i
1443          which serves as a form of opacity control when used with a material.)
1444          Vname is the coefficient defined in funcfile that determines  the  influence  of  foreground.  
1445          The background coefficient is always (1-vname).  
1368 –        Since the references are not resolved until run-time,  the  last  definitions  of  the modifier id's will be used.  
1369 –        This can result in modifier loops, which are detected by the renderer.
1446  
1447   <p>
1448  
# Line 1528 | Line 1604 | If no file is needed by a given primitive because all
1604   the  required  variables  are global,  
1605   a  period  (`.')  can be given in place of the file name.  
1606   It is also possible to give an expression instead
1607 < of a  straight  variable  name  in  a scene file,
1608 < although such expressions should be kept
1533 < simple if possible.
1534 < Also, functions (requiring parameters) must be given
1607 > of a  straight  variable  name  in  a scene file.
1608 > Functions (requiring parameters) must be given
1609   as names and not as expressions.
1610  
1611   <p>
# Line 1714 | Line 1788 | Pictures may be displayed directly under X11 using the
1788   or converted a standard image format using one of the following
1789   <b>translators</b>:
1790          <ul>
1791 <        <li> <b>Ra_avs</b>
1792 <                converts to and from AVS image format.
1719 <        <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_pict.1.html"><b>Ra_pict</b></a>
1720 <                converts to Macintosh 32-bit PICT2 format.
1791 >        <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_bmp.1.html"><b>Ra_bmp</b>
1792 >                converts to and from BMP image format.
1793          <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_ppm.1.html"><b>Ra_ppm</b></a>
1794                  converts to and from Poskanzer Portable Pixmap formats.
1723 –        <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_pr.1.html"><b>Ra_pr</b></a>
1724 –                converts to and from Sun 8-bit rasterfile format.
1725 –        <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_pr24.1.html"><b>Ra_pr24</b></a>
1726 –                converts to and from Sun 24-bit rasterfile format.
1795          <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_ps.1.html"><b>Ra_ps</b></a>
1796                  converts to PostScript color and greyscale formats.
1797          <li> <a HREF="../man_html/ra_rgbe.1.html"><b>Ra_rgbe</b></a>
# Line 1749 | Line 1817 | or converted a standard image format using one of the
1817   <pre>
1818   The Radiance Software License, Version 1.0
1819  
1820 < Copyright (c) 1990 - 2006 The Regents of the University of California,
1820 > Copyright (c) 1990 - 2014 The Regents of the University of California,
1821   through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.   All rights reserved.
1822  
1823   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# Line 1783 | Line 1851 | are met:
1851        nor may &quot;Radiance&quot; appear in their name, without prior written
1852        permission of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
1853  
1854 < THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
1854 > THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS&quot; AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
1855   WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
1856   OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1857   DISCLAIMED.   IN NO EVENT SHALL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory OR
# Line 1822 | Line 1890 | Ecole  Polytechnique  Federale de Lausanne (EPFL Unive
1890   </h2>
1891   <p>
1892   <ul>
1893 +    <li>McNeil, A., C.J. Jonsson, D. Appelfeld, G. Ward, E.S. Lee,
1894 +        &quot;<a href="http://gaia.lbl.gov/btech/papers/4414.pdf">
1895 +        A validation of a ray-tracing tool used to generate
1896 +        bi-directional scattering distribution functions for
1897 +        complex fenestration systems</a>,&quot;
1898 +        <em>Solar Energy</em>, 98, 404-14,
1899 +        November 2013.
1900 +    <li>Ward, G., R. Mistrick, E.S. Lee, A. McNeil, J. Jonsson,
1901 +        &quot;<a href="http://gaia.lbl.gov/btech/papers/4414.pdf">Simulating
1902 +        the Daylight Performance of Complex Fenestration Systems
1903 +        Using Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions within
1904 +        Radiance</a>,&quot;
1905 +        <em>Leukos</em>, 7(4)
1906 +        April 2011.
1907      <li>Cater, Kirsten, Alan Chalmers, Greg Ward,
1908 <        &quot;<a href="papers/egsr2003.pdf">Detail to Attention:
1908 >        &quot;<a href="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/egsr2003.pdf">Detail to Attention:
1909          Exploiting Visual Tasks for Selective Rendering</a>,&quot;
1910          <em>Eurographics Symposium
1911          on Rendering 2003</em>, June 2003.
1912      <li>Ward, Greg, Elena Eydelberg-Vileshin,
1913 <        ``<a HREF="http://viz.cs.berkeley.edu/~gwlarson/papers/egwr02/index.html">Picture Perfect RGB
1914 <        Rendering Using Spectral Prefiltering and Sharp Color Primaries</a>,''
1913 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/egwr02/index.html">Picture Perfect RGB
1914 >        Rendering Using Spectral Prefiltering and Sharp Color Primaries</a>,&quot;
1915          Thirteenth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering (2002),
1916          P. Debevec and S. Gibson (Editors), June 2002.
1917      <li>Ward, Gregory,
1918 <        ``<a HREF="http://viz.cs.berkeley.edu/~gwlarson/papers/cic01.pdf">High Dynamic Range Imaging</a>,''
1918 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/cic01.pdf">High Dynamic Range Imaging</a>,&quot;
1919          Proceedings of the Ninth Color Imaging Conference, November 2001.
1920      <li>Ward, Gregory and Maryann Simmons,
1921 <        ``<a HREF="http://viz.cs.berkeley.edu/~gwlarson/papers/tog99.pdf">
1921 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/tog99.pdf">
1922          The Holodeck Ray Cache: An Interactive Rendering System for Global Illumination in Nondiffuse
1923 <        Environments</a>,'' ACM Transactions on Graphics, 18(4):361-98, October 1999.
1924 <    <li>Larson, G.W., ``<a HREF="http://viz.cs.berkeley.edu/~gwlarson/papers/ewp98.pdf">The Holodeck: A Parallel
1925 <        Ray-caching Rendering System</a>,'' Proceedings of the Second
1923 >        Environments</a>,&quot; ACM Transactions on Graphics, 18(4):361-98, October 1999.
1924 >    <li>Larson, G.W., &quot;<a HREF="http://www.anyhere.com/gward/papers/ewp98.pdf">The Holodeck: A Parallel
1925 >        Ray-caching Rendering System</a>,&quot; Proceedings of the Second
1926          Eurographics Workshop on Parallel Graphics and Visualisation,
1927          September 1998.
1928      <li>Larson, G.W. and R.A. Shakespeare,
# Line 1848 | Line 1930 | Ecole  Polytechnique  Federale de Lausanne (EPFL Unive
1930          the Art and Science of Lighting Visualization</em></a>,
1931          Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1998.
1932      <li>Larson, G.W., H. Rushmeier, C. Piatko,
1933 <        ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/lbnl39882/tonemap.pdf">A Visibility
1933 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/lbnl39882/tonemap.pdf">A Visibility
1934          Matching Tone Reproduction Operator for
1935 <        High Dynamic Range Scenes</a>,'' LBNL Technical Report 39882,
1935 >        High Dynamic Range Scenes</a>,&quot; LBNL Technical Report 39882,
1936          January 1997.
1937 <    <li>Ward, G., ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw95.1/paper.html">Making
1938 <        Global Illumination User-Friendly</a>,'' Sixth
1937 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw95.1/paper.html">Making
1938 >        Global Illumination User-Friendly</a>,&quot; Sixth
1939          Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Springer-Verlag,
1940          Dublin, Ireland, June 1995.</li>
1941      <li>Rushmeier, H., G. Ward, C. Piatko, P. Sanders, B. Rust,
1942 <        ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/mgf/compare.html">
1942 >        &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/mgf/compare.html">
1943          Comparing Real and Synthetic Images: Some Ideas about
1944 <        Metrics</a>,'' Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering,
1944 >        Metrics</a>,&quot; Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering,
1945          Springer-Verlag, Dublin, Ireland, June 1995.</li>
1946 <    <li>Ward, G., ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg94.1/paper.html">The RADIANCE
1947 <        Lighting Simulation and Rendering System</a>,'' <em>Computer
1946 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg94.1/paper.html">The RADIANCE
1947 >        Lighting Simulation and Rendering System</a>,&quot; <em>Computer
1948          Graphics</em>, July 1994.</li>
1949 <    <li>Rushmeier, H., G. Ward, ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg94.2/energy.html">Energy
1950 <        Preserving Non-Linear Filters</a>,'' <em>Computer
1949 >    <li>Rushmeier, H., G. Ward, &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg94.2/energy.html">Energy
1950 >        Preserving Non-Linear Filters</a>,&quot; <em>Computer
1951          Graphics</em>, July 1994.</li>
1952 <    <li>Ward, G., ``A Contrast-Based Scalefactor for Luminance
1953 <        Display,'' <em>Graphics Gems IV</em>, Edited by Paul Heckbert,
1952 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;A Contrast-Based Scalefactor for Luminance
1953 >        Display,&quot; <em>Graphics Gems IV</em>, Edited by Paul Heckbert,
1954          Academic Press 1994.</li>
1955 <    <li>Ward, G., ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg92/paper.html">Measuring and
1956 <        Modeling Anisotropic Reflection</a>,'' <em>Computer
1955 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg92/paper.html">Measuring and
1956 >        Modeling Anisotropic Reflection</a>,&quot; <em>Computer
1957          Graphics</em>, Vol. 26, No. 2, July 1992. </li>
1958 <    <li>Ward, G., P. Heckbert, ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw92/paper.html">Irradiance
1959 <        Gradients</a>,'' Third Annual Eurographics Workshop on
1958 >    <li>Ward, G., P. Heckbert, &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw92/paper.html">Irradiance
1959 >        Gradients</a>,&quot; Third Annual Eurographics Workshop on
1960          Rendering, Springer-Verlag, May 1992. </li>
1961 <    <li>Ward, G., ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw91/erw91.html">Adaptive Shadow
1962 <        Testing for Ray Tracing</a>'' Photorealistic Rendering in
1961 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/erw91/erw91.html">Adaptive Shadow
1962 >        Testing for Ray Tracing</a>&quot; Photorealistic Rendering in
1963          Computer Graphics, proceedings of 1991 Eurographics
1964          Rendering Workshop, edited by P. Brunet and F.W. Jansen,
1965          Springer-Verlag. </li>
1966 <    <li>Ward, G., ``Visualization,'' <em>Lighting Design and
1966 >    <li>Ward, G., &quot;Visualization,&quot; <em>Lighting Design and
1967          Application</em>, Vol. 20, No. 6, June 1990. </li>
1968 <    <li>Ward, G., F. Rubinstein, R. Clear, ``<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg88/paper.html">A Ray Tracing Solution for
1969 <        Diffuse Interreflection</a>,'' <em>Computer Graphics</em>,
1968 >    <li>Ward, G., F. Rubinstein, R. Clear, &quot;<a HREF="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/papers/sg88/paper.html">A Ray Tracing Solution for
1969 >        Diffuse Interreflection</a>,&quot; <em>Computer Graphics</em>,
1970          Vol. 22, No. 4, August 1988. </li>
1971 <    <li>Ward, G., F. Rubinstein, ``A New Technique for Computer
1972 <        Simulation of Illuminated Spaces,'' <em>Journal of the
1971 >    <li>Ward, G., F. Rubinstein, &quot;A New Technique for Computer
1972 >        Simulation of Illuminated Spaces,&quot; <em>Journal of the
1973          Illuminating Engineering Society</em>, Vol. 17, No. 1,
1974          Winter 1988. </li>
1975   </ul>
# Line 1925 | Line 2007 | SURFACES       MATERIALS       TEXTURES        PATTERNS        MIXTURES</h4>
2007                  <a HREF="#Plasdata">Plasdata</a>
2008                  <a HREF="#Metdata">Metdata</a>
2009                  <a HREF="#Transdata">Transdata</a>
2010 +                <a HREF="#BSDF">BSDF</a>
2011                  <a HREF="#Antimatter">Antimatter</a>
2012                                  
2013   </pre>

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