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.\" RCSid "$Id" |
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.\" Print using the -ms macro package |
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.DA 1/20/99 |
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.DA 10/17/2006 |
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.LP |
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.tl """Copyright \(co 1996 Regents, University of California |
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.tl """Copyright \(co 2006 Regents, University of California |
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.sp 2 |
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.TL |
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The |
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.br |
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Synthetic Imaging System |
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.AU |
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Greg Ward |
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Building Technologies Department |
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.br |
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Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory |
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.br |
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1 Cyclotron Rd. |
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1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-3111 |
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.br |
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Berkeley, CA 94720 |
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– |
.br |
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(510) 486-4757 |
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.NH 1 |
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Introduction |
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.PP |
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is a variation of |
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.I rpict |
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that computes and displays images interactively. |
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Other programs (not shown) connect many of these elements together, |
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such as the executive programs |
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.I rad |
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and |
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.I ranimate, |
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the interactive rendering program |
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.I rholo, |
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and the animation program |
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.I ranimove. |
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The program |
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.I obj2mesh |
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acts as both a converter and scene compiler, converting a Wavefront .OBJ |
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file into a compiled mesh octree for efficient rendering. |
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.PP |
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A scene description file lists the surfaces and materials |
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that make up a specific environment. |
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The current surface types are spheres, polygons, cones, |
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and cylinders. |
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They can be made from materials such as plastic, metal, |
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and glass. |
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Light sources can be distant disks as well as local spheres, discs and |
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polygons. |
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that make up a specific environment. |
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The current surface types are spheres, polygons, cones, and cylinders. |
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There is also a composite surface type, called mesh, and a pseudosurface |
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type, called instance, which facilitates very complex geometries. |
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Surfaces can be made from materials such as plastic, metal, and glass. |
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Light sources can be distant disks as well as local spheres, disks |
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and polygons. |
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.PP |
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From a three-dimensional scene description and a specified view, |
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.I rpict |
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# comment |
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|
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modifier type identifier |
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n S1 S2 S3 .. Sn |
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n S1 S2 "S 3" .. Sn |
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0 |
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m R1 R2 R3 .. Rm |
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|
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Thus, the same identifier may be used repeatedly, and each new |
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definition will apply to the primitives following it. |
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.FE |
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An identifier can be any string (i.e. sequence of non-blank |
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characters). |
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An identifier can be any string (i.e., any sequence of non-white characters). |
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The |
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.I arguments |
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associated with a primitive can be strings or real numbers. |
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The first integer following the identifier is the number |
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of string arguments, and it is followed by the arguments themselves |
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(separated by white space). |
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(separated by white space or enclosed in quotes). |
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The next integer is the number of integer arguments, and is followed |
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by the integer arguments. |
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(There are currently no primitives that use them, however.) |
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A command may be continued over multiple lines using a backslash, `\\', |
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to escape the newline. |
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.PP |
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Blank space is generally ignored, except as a separator. |
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White space is generally ignored, except as a separator. |
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The exception is the newline character after a command or comment. |
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Commands, comments and primitives may appear in any combination, so long |
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as they are not intermingled. |
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Primitive Types |
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.PP |
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Primitives can be surfaces, materials, textures or patterns. |
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Modifiers can be materials, textures or patterns. |
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Modifiers can be materials, mixtures, textures or patterns. |
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Simple surfaces must have one material in their modifier list. |
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.NH 3 |
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Surfaces |
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.LP |
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.UL Cup |
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.PP |
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A cup is an inverted cone (i.e. has an inward surface normal). |
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A cup is an inverted cone (i.e., has an inward surface normal). |
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.LP |
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.UL Cylinder |
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.PP |
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A mesh is a compound surface, made up of many triangles and |
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an octree data structure to accelerate ray intersection. |
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It is typically converted from a Wavefront .OBJ file using the |
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obj2mesh program. |
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.I obj2mesh |
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program. |
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.DS |
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mod mesh id |
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1+ meshfile transform |
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available memory. |
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In addition, the mesh primitive can have associated (u,v) coordinates |
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for pattern and texture mapping. |
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These are made available to function files via the Lu and Lu variables. |
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These are made available to function files via the Lu and Lv variables. |
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.LP |
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.UL Instance |
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.PP |
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.LP |
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.UL Light |
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.PP |
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Light is the basic material for self-luminous surfaces (i.e. light |
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Light is the basic material for self-luminous surfaces (i.e., light |
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sources). |
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In addition to the source surface type, spheres, discs (rings with zero |
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inner radius), cylinders (provided they are long enough), and |
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As well as radiance, the full cone angle (in degrees) |
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and orientation (output direction) vector are given. |
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The length of the orientation vector is the distance |
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of the effective focus behind the source center (i.e. the focal length). |
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of the effective focus behind the source center (i.e., the focal length). |
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.DS |
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mod spotlight id |
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0 |
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.LP |
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.UL Mirror |
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.PP |
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Mirror is used for planar surfaces that produce secondary |
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Mirror is used for planar surfaces that produce virtual |
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source reflections. |
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This material should be used sparingly, as it may cause the light |
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source calculation to blow up if it is applied to many small surfaces. |
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.UL Prism1 |
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.PP |
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The prism1 material is for general light redirection from prismatic |
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glazings, generating secondary light sources. |
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It can only be used to modify a planar surface (i.e. a polygon or disk) |
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glazings, generating virtual light sources. |
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It can only be used to modify a planar surface (i.e., a polygon or disk) |
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and should not result in either light concentration or scattering. |
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The new direction of the ray can be on either side of the material, |
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and the definitions must have the correct bidirectional properties |
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to work properly with secondary light sources. |
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to work properly with virtual light sources. |
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The arguments give the coefficient for the redirected light |
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and its direction. |
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.DS |
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These three expressions (separated by white space) are evaluated in |
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the context of the function file |
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.I funcfile. |
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If no function file is required (i.e. no special variables or |
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If no function file is required (i.e., no special variables or |
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functions are required), a period (`.') may be given in its |
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place. |
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(See the discussion of Function Files in the Auxiliary Files section). |
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Vname is the coefficient defined in funcfile that determines the influence |
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of foreground. |
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The background coefficient is always (1-vname). |
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Since the references are not resolved until runtime, the last |
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definitions of the modifier id's will be used. |
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This can result in modifier loops, which are detected by the |
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renderer. |
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.LP |
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.UL Mixdata |
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.PP |
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The following variables are particularly important: |
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.DS |
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Dx, Dy, Dz - incident ray direction |
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Px, Py, Pz - intersection point |
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Nx, Ny, Nz - surface normal at intersection point |
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Px, Py, Pz - intersection point |
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T - distance from start |
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Ts - single ray (shadow) distance |
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Rdot - cosine between ray and normal |
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arg(0) - number of real arguments |
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arg(i) - i'th real argument |
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.DE |
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For mesh objects, the local surface coordinates are available: |
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.DS |
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Lu, Lv - local (u,v) coordinates |
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.DE |
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For BRDF types, the following variables are defined as well: |
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.DS |
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NxP, NyP, NzP - perturbed surface normal |
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place of the file name. |
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It is also possible to give an expression instead of a straight |
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variable name in a scene file, although such expressions should |
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be kept simple as they cannot contain any white space. |
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be kept simple if possible. |
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Also, functions (requiring parameters) |
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must be given as names and not as expressions. |
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.PP |
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.NH 1 |
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License |
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.PP |
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Radiance is a registered copyright of The Regents of the University of |
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California ("The Regents"). The Regents grant to you a nonexclusive, |
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nontransferable license ("License") to use Radiance source code without fee. |
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You may not sell or distribute Radiance to others without the prior express |
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written permission of The Regents. |
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You may compile and use this software on any machines to which you have |
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personal access, and may share its use with others who have access to the |
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same machines. |
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< |
.PP |
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NEITHER THE UNITED STATES NOR THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, NOR ANY |
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OF THEIR EMPLOYEES, MAKES ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OR ASSUMES ANY |
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LEGAL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, OR |
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< |
USEFULNESS OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, PRODUCT, OR PROCESS DISCLOSED, OR |
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REPRESENTS THAT ITS USE WOULD NOT INFRINGE PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS. |
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By downloading, using or copying this software, you agree to abide by the |
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intellectual property laws and all other applicable laws of the United |
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States, and by the terms of this License Agreement. Ownership of the software |
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shall remain solely in The Regents. |
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< |
The Regents shall have the right to terminate this License immediately by |
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written notice upon your breach of, or noncompliance with, any of its terms. |
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You shall be liable for any infringement or damages resulting from your |
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failure to abide by the terms of this License Agreement. |
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< |
.PP |
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NOTICE: The Government is granted for itself and others acting on its behalf |
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a paid-up, nonexclusive irrevocable worldwide license in this data to |
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reproduce, prepare derivative works, and perform publicly and display |
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publicly. Beginning five (5) years after permission to assert copyright is |
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granted, subject to two possible five year renewals, the Government is |
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granted for itself and others acting on its behalf a paid-up, non-exclusive, |
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< |
irrevocable worldwide license in this data to reproduce, prepare derivative |
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< |
works, distribute copies to the public, perform publicly and display |
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publicly, and to permit others to do so. |
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> |
.DS |
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> |
The Radiance Software License, Version 1.0 |
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> |
|
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Copyright (c) 1990 - 2002 The Regents of the University of California, |
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through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All rights reserved. |
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|
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without |
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions |
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are met: |
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> |
|
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright |
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. |
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> |
|
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> |
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright |
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in |
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the documentation and/or other materials provided with the |
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distribution. |
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|
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3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, |
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if any, must include the following acknowledgment: |
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"This product includes Radiance software |
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(http://radsite.lbl.gov/) |
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developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
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(http://www.lbl.gov/)." |
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> |
Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, |
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if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear. |
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|
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4. The names "Radiance," "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory" |
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and "The Regents of the University of California" must |
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not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this |
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software without prior written permission. For written |
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permission, please contact [email protected]. |
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|
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5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Radiance", |
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nor may "Radiance" appear in their name, without prior written |
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permission of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. |
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|
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED |
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WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES |
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> |
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE |
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DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory OR |
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ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, |
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> |
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT |
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> |
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF |
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> |
USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND |
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> |
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, |
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> |
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT |
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> |
OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF |
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SUCH DAMAGE. |
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> |
.DE |
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.NH 1 |
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Acknowledgements |
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.PP |
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in Lausanne, Switzerland. |
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.NH 1 |
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References |
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+ |
.LP |
| 1495 |
+ |
Cater, K., A. Chalmers, G. Ward, |
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+ |
``Detail to Attention: Exploiting Visual Tasks for Selective Rendering,'' |
| 1497 |
+ |
.I "Eurograhics Symposium on Rendering", |
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+ |
June 2003. |
| 1499 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1500 |
+ |
Ward, G., Elena Eydelberg-Vileshin, |
| 1501 |
+ |
``Picture Perfect RGB Rendering Using Spectral Prefiltering and |
| 1502 |
+ |
Sharp Color Primaries,'' |
| 1503 |
+ |
13th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, P. Debevec and |
| 1504 |
+ |
S. Gibson (Editors), June 2002. |
| 1505 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1506 |
+ |
Ward, G. and M. Simmons, |
| 1507 |
+ |
``The Holodeck Ray Cache: An Interactive Rendering System for Global |
| 1508 |
+ |
Illumination in Nondiffuse Environments,'' |
| 1509 |
+ |
.I "ACM Transactions on Graphics," |
| 1510 |
+ |
18(4):361-98, October 1999. |
| 1511 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1512 |
+ |
Larson, G.W., H. Rushmeier, C. Piatko, |
| 1513 |
+ |
``A Visibility Matching Tone Reproduction Operator for High Dynamic |
| 1514 |
+ |
Range Scenes,'' |
| 1515 |
+ |
.I "IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics", |
| 1516 |
+ |
3(4), 291-306, December 1997. |
| 1517 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1518 |
+ |
Ward, G., |
| 1519 |
+ |
``Making Global Illumination User Friendly,'' |
| 1520 |
+ |
.I "Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering", |
| 1521 |
+ |
proceedings to be published by Springer-Verlag, |
| 1522 |
+ |
Dublin, Ireland, June 1995. |
| 1523 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1524 |
+ |
Rushmeier, H., G. Ward, C. Piatko, P. Sanders, B. Rust, |
| 1525 |
+ |
``Comparing Real and Synthetic Images: Some Ideas about Metrics,'' |
| 1526 |
+ |
.I "Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering", |
| 1527 |
+ |
proceedings to be published by Springer-Verlag, |
| 1528 |
+ |
Dublin, Ireland, June 1995. |
| 1529 |
|
.LP |
| 1530 |
|
Ward, G., |
| 1531 |
|
``The Radiance Lighting Simulation and Rendering System,'' |
