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.\" RCSid "$Id" |
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.\" RCSid "$Id$" |
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.\" Print using the -ms macro package |
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.DA 1/20/99 |
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.DA 10/08/2018 |
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.LP |
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.tl """Copyright \(co 1996 Regents, University of California |
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.tl """Copyright \(co 2018 Regents, University of California |
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.sp 2 |
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.TL |
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The |
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.br |
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Synthetic Imaging System |
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.AU |
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< |
Greg Ward |
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Building Technologies Department |
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.br |
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Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory |
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.br |
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< |
1 Cyclotron Rd. |
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1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-3111 |
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.br |
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Berkeley, CA 94720 |
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– |
.br |
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– |
(510) 486-4757 |
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.NH 1 |
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Introduction |
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.PP |
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is a variation of |
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.I rpict |
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that computes and displays images interactively. |
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Other programs (not shown) connect many of these elements together, |
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such as the executive programs |
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.I rad |
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and |
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.I ranimate, |
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the interactive rendering program |
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.I rholo, |
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and the animation program |
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.I ranimove. |
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The program |
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.I obj2mesh |
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acts as both a converter and scene compiler, converting a Wavefront .OBJ |
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file into a compiled mesh octree for efficient rendering. |
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.PP |
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A scene description file lists the surfaces and materials |
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that make up a specific environment. |
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The current surface types are spheres, polygons, cones, |
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and cylinders. |
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They can be made from materials such as plastic, metal, |
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and glass. |
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Light sources can be distant disks as well as local spheres, discs and |
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polygons. |
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that make up a specific environment. |
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The current surface types are spheres, polygons, cones, and cylinders. |
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There is also a composite surface type, called mesh, and a pseudosurface |
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type, called instance, which facilitates very complex geometries. |
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Surfaces can be made from materials such as plastic, metal, and glass. |
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Light sources can be distant disks as well as local spheres, disks |
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and polygons. |
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.PP |
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From a three-dimensional scene description and a specified view, |
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.I rpict |
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# comment |
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|
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modifier type identifier |
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n S1 S2 S3 .. Sn |
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n S1 S2 "S 3" .. Sn |
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0 |
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m R1 R2 R3 .. Rm |
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|
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Thus, the same identifier may be used repeatedly, and each new |
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definition will apply to the primitives following it. |
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.FE |
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An identifier can be any string (i.e. sequence of non-blank |
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characters). |
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An identifier can be any string (i.e., any sequence of non-white characters). |
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The |
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.I arguments |
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associated with a primitive can be strings or real numbers. |
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The first integer following the identifier is the number |
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of string arguments, and it is followed by the arguments themselves |
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(separated by white space). |
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(separated by white space or enclosed in quotes). |
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The next integer is the number of integer arguments, and is followed |
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by the integer arguments. |
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(There are currently no primitives that use them, however.) |
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A command may be continued over multiple lines using a backslash, `\\', |
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to escape the newline. |
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.PP |
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Blank space is generally ignored, except as a separator. |
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White space is generally ignored, except as a separator. |
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The exception is the newline character after a command or comment. |
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Commands, comments and primitives may appear in any combination, so long |
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as they are not intermingled. |
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Primitive Types |
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.PP |
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Primitives can be surfaces, materials, textures or patterns. |
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Modifiers can be materials, textures or patterns. |
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Modifiers can be materials, mixtures, textures or patterns. |
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Simple surfaces must have one material in their modifier list. |
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.NH 3 |
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Surfaces |
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.LP |
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.UL Cup |
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.PP |
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A cup is an inverted cone (i.e. has an inward surface normal). |
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A cup is an inverted cone (i.e., has an inward surface normal). |
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.LP |
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.UL Cylinder |
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.PP |
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A mesh is a compound surface, made up of many triangles and |
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an octree data structure to accelerate ray intersection. |
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It is typically converted from a Wavefront .OBJ file using the |
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obj2mesh program. |
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.I obj2mesh |
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program. |
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.DS |
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mod mesh id |
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1+ meshfile transform |
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0 |
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0 |
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.DE |
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If the modifier is "void", then surfaces will use the modifiers given |
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in the original mesh description. |
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Otherwise, the modifier specified is used in their place. |
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The transform moves the mesh to the desired location in the scene. |
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Multiple instances using the same meshfile take little extra memory, |
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and the compiled mesh itself takes much less space than individual |
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available memory. |
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In addition, the mesh primitive can have associated (u,v) coordinates |
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for pattern and texture mapping. |
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These are made available to function files via the Lu and Lu variables. |
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These are made available to function files via the Lu and Lv variables. |
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.LP |
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.UL Instance |
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.PP |
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.LP |
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.UL Light |
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.PP |
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Light is the basic material for self-luminous surfaces (i.e. light |
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Light is the basic material for self-luminous surfaces (i.e., light |
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sources). |
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In addition to the source surface type, spheres, discs (rings with zero |
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inner radius), cylinders (provided they are long enough), and |
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As well as radiance, the full cone angle (in degrees) |
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and orientation (output direction) vector are given. |
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The length of the orientation vector is the distance |
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of the effective focus behind the source center (i.e. the focal length). |
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of the effective focus behind the source center (i.e., the focal length). |
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.DS |
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mod spotlight id |
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0 |
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.LP |
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.UL Mirror |
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.PP |
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Mirror is used for planar surfaces that produce secondary |
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Mirror is used for planar surfaces that produce virtual |
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source reflections. |
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This material should be used sparingly, as it may cause the light |
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source calculation to blow up if it is applied to many small surfaces. |
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.UL Prism1 |
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.PP |
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The prism1 material is for general light redirection from prismatic |
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glazings, generating secondary light sources. |
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It can only be used to modify a planar surface (i.e. a polygon or disk) |
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glazings, generating virtual light sources. |
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It can only be used to modify a planar surface (i.e., a polygon or disk) |
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and should not result in either light concentration or scattering. |
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The new direction of the ray can be on either side of the material, |
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and the definitions must have the correct bidirectional properties |
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to work properly with secondary light sources. |
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to work properly with virtual light sources. |
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The arguments give the coefficient for the redirected light |
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and its direction. |
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.DS |
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The scattering eccentricity parameter will likewise override the global |
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setting if it is present. |
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Scattering eccentricity indicates how much scattered light favors the |
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< |
forward direction, as fit by the Heyney-Greenstein function: |
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> |
forward direction, as fit by the Henyey-Greenstein function: |
| 495 |
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.DS |
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P(theta) = (1 - g*g) / (1 + g*g - 2*g*cos(theta))^1.5 |
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.DE |
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These three expressions (separated by white space) are evaluated in |
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the context of the function file |
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.I funcfile. |
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If no function file is required (i.e. no special variables or |
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If no function file is required (i.e., no special variables or |
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functions are required), a period (`.') may be given in its |
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place. |
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(See the discussion of Function Files in the Auxiliary Files section). |
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8 red green blue spec urough vrough trans tspec |
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.DE |
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.LP |
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+ |
.UL Ashik2 |
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.PP |
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Ashik2 is the anisotropic reflectance model by Ashikhmin & Shirley. |
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The string arguments are the same as for plastic2, but the real |
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arguments have additional flexibility to specify the specular color. |
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Also, rather than roughness, specular power is used, which has no |
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physical meaning other than larger numbers are equivalent to a smoother |
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surface. |
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.DS |
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mod ashik2 id |
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4+ ux uy uz funcfile transform |
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0 |
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8 dred dgrn dblu sred sgrn sblu u-power v-power |
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.DE |
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.LP |
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.UL Dielectric |
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.PP |
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A dielectric material is transparent, and it refracts light |
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6+ red green blue rspec trans tspec A7 .. |
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.DE |
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.LP |
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.UL BSDF |
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.PP |
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The BSDF material type loads an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) |
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file describing a bidirectional scattering distribution function. |
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Real arguments to this material may define additional |
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diffuse components that augment the BSDF data. |
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String arguments are used to define thickness for proxied |
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surfaces and the "up" orientation for the material. |
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.DS |
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mod BSDF id |
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6+ thick BSDFfile ux uy uz funcfile transform |
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+ |
0 |
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+ |
0|3|6|9 |
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+ |
rfdif gfdif bfdif |
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+ |
rbdif gbdif bbdif |
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+ |
rtdif gtdif btdif |
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+ |
.DE |
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The first string argument is a "thickness" parameter that may be used |
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to hide detail geometry being proxied by an aggregate BSDF material. |
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If a view or shadow ray hits a BSDF proxy with non-zero thickness, |
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it will pass directly through as if the surface were not there. |
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Similar to the illum type, this permits direct viewing and |
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shadow testing of complex geometry. |
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The BSDF is used when a scattered (indirect) ray hits the surface, |
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and any transmitted sample rays will be offset by the thickness amount |
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to avoid the hidden geometry and gather samples from the other side. |
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In this manner, BSDF surfaces can improve the results for indirect |
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scattering from complex systems without sacrificing appearance or |
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shadow accuracy. |
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If the BSDF has transmission and back-side reflection data, |
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a parallel BSDF surface may be |
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placed slightly less than the given thickness away from the front surface |
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to enclose the complex geometry on both sides. |
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The sign of the thickness is important, as it indicates whether the |
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proxied geometry is behind the BSDF surface (when thickness is positive) |
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or in front (when thickness is negative). |
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+ |
.LP |
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+ |
The second string argument is the name of the BSDF file, which is |
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found in the usual auxiliary locations. |
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+ |
The following three string parameters name variables for an "up" vector, |
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which together with the surface normal, define the |
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local coordinate system that orients the BSDF. |
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These variables, along with the thickness, are defined in a function |
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file given as the next string argument. |
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An optional transform is used to scale the thickness and reorient the up vector. |
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+ |
.LP |
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If no real arguments are given, the BSDF is used by itself to determine |
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reflection and transmission. |
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If there are at least 3 real arguments, the first triplet is an |
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additional diffuse reflectance for the front side. |
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At least 6 real arguments adds diffuse reflectance to the rear side of the surface. |
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If there are 9 real arguments, the final triplet will be taken as an additional |
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diffuse transmittance. |
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All diffuse components as well as the non-diffuse transmission are |
| 937 |
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modified by patterns applied to this material. |
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The non-diffuse reflection from either side are unaffected. |
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Textures perturb the effective surface normal in the usual way. |
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+ |
.LP |
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+ |
The surface normal of this type is not altered to face the incoming ray, |
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+ |
so the front and back BSDF reflections may differ. |
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+ |
(Transmission is identical front-to-back by physical law.)\0 |
| 944 |
+ |
If back visibility is turned off during rendering and there is no |
| 945 |
+ |
transmission or back-side reflection, only then the surface will be |
| 946 |
+ |
invisible from behind. |
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+ |
Unlike other data-driven material types, the BSDF type is fully |
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+ |
supported and all parts of the distribution are properly sampled. |
| 949 |
+ |
.LP |
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+ |
.UL aBSDF |
| 951 |
+ |
.PP |
| 952 |
+ |
The aBSDF material is identical to the BSDF type with two important |
| 953 |
+ |
differences. |
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First, proxy geometry is not supported, so there is no thickness parameter. |
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+ |
Second, an aBSDF is assumed to have some specular through component |
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(the 'a' stands for "aperture"), which |
| 957 |
+ |
is treated specially during the direct calculation and when viewing the |
| 958 |
+ |
material. |
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+ |
Based on the BSDF data, the coefficient of specular transmission is |
| 960 |
+ |
determined and used for modifying unscattered shadow and view rays. |
| 961 |
+ |
.DS |
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+ |
mod aBSDF id |
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+ |
5+ BSDFfile ux uy uz funcfile transform |
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+ |
0 |
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+ |
0|3|6|9 |
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+ |
rfdif gfdif bfdif |
| 967 |
+ |
rbdif gbdif bbdif |
| 968 |
+ |
rtdif gtdif btdif |
| 969 |
+ |
.DE |
| 970 |
+ |
.LP |
| 971 |
+ |
If a material has no specular transmitted component, it is much better |
| 972 |
+ |
to use the BSDF type with a zero thickness than to use aBSDF. |
| 973 |
+ |
.LP |
| 974 |
|
.UL Antimatter |
| 975 |
|
.PP |
| 976 |
|
Antimatter is a material that can "subtract" volumes from other volumes. |
| 985 |
|
The first modifier will also be used to shade the area leaving the |
| 986 |
|
antimatter volume and entering the regular volume. |
| 987 |
|
If mod1 is void, the antimatter volume is completely invisible. |
| 988 |
< |
Antimatter does not work properly with the material type "trans", |
| 989 |
< |
and multiple antimatter surfaces should be disjoint. |
| 988 |
> |
If shading is desired at antimatter surfaces, it is important |
| 989 |
> |
that the related volumes are closed with outward-facing normals. |
| 990 |
> |
Antimatter surfaces should not intersect with other antimatter boundaries, |
| 991 |
> |
and it is unwise to use the same modifier in nested antimatter volumes. |
| 992 |
|
The viewpoint must be outside all volumes concerned for a correct |
| 993 |
|
rendering. |
| 994 |
|
.NH 3 |
| 1196 |
|
Mixtures |
| 1197 |
|
.PP |
| 1198 |
|
A mixture is a blend of one or more materials or textures and patterns. |
| 1199 |
+ |
Blended materials should not be light source types or virtual source types. |
| 1200 |
|
The basic types are given below. |
| 1201 |
|
.LP |
| 1202 |
|
.UL Mixfunc |
| 1218 |
|
Vname is the coefficient defined in funcfile that determines the influence |
| 1219 |
|
of foreground. |
| 1220 |
|
The background coefficient is always (1-vname). |
| 1098 |
– |
Since the references are not resolved until runtime, the last |
| 1099 |
– |
definitions of the modifier id's will be used. |
| 1100 |
– |
This can result in modifier loops, which are detected by the |
| 1101 |
– |
renderer. |
| 1221 |
|
.LP |
| 1222 |
|
.UL Mixdata |
| 1223 |
|
.PP |
| 1318 |
|
The following variables are particularly important: |
| 1319 |
|
.DS |
| 1320 |
|
Dx, Dy, Dz - incident ray direction |
| 1202 |
– |
Px, Py, Pz - intersection point |
| 1321 |
|
Nx, Ny, Nz - surface normal at intersection point |
| 1322 |
+ |
Px, Py, Pz - intersection point |
| 1323 |
+ |
T - distance from start |
| 1324 |
+ |
Ts - single ray (shadow) distance |
| 1325 |
|
Rdot - cosine between ray and normal |
| 1326 |
|
arg(0) - number of real arguments |
| 1327 |
|
arg(i) - i'th real argument |
| 1328 |
|
.DE |
| 1329 |
+ |
For mesh objects, the local surface coordinates are available: |
| 1330 |
+ |
.DS |
| 1331 |
+ |
Lu, Lv - local (u,v) coordinates |
| 1332 |
+ |
.DE |
| 1333 |
|
For BRDF types, the following variables are defined as well: |
| 1334 |
|
.DS |
| 1335 |
|
NxP, NyP, NzP - perturbed surface normal |
| 1344 |
|
variables are global, a period (`.') can be given in |
| 1345 |
|
place of the file name. |
| 1346 |
|
It is also possible to give an expression instead of a straight |
| 1347 |
< |
variable name in a scene file, although such expressions should |
| 1348 |
< |
be kept simple as they cannot contain any white space. |
| 1224 |
< |
Also, functions (requiring parameters) |
| 1347 |
> |
variable name in a scene file. |
| 1348 |
> |
Functions (requiring parameters) |
| 1349 |
|
must be given as names and not as expressions. |
| 1350 |
|
.PP |
| 1351 |
|
Constant expressions are used as an optimization in function |
| 1509 |
|
Pictures may be displayed directly under X11 using the program |
| 1510 |
|
.I ximage, |
| 1511 |
|
or converted a standard image format. |
| 1512 |
< |
.I Ra_avs |
| 1513 |
< |
converts to and from AVS image format. |
| 1390 |
< |
.I Ra_pict |
| 1391 |
< |
converts to Macintosh 32-bit PICT2 format. |
| 1512 |
> |
.I Ra_bmp |
| 1513 |
> |
converts to and from Microsoft Bitmap images. |
| 1514 |
|
.I Ra_ppm |
| 1515 |
|
converts to and from Poskanzer Portable Pixmap formats. |
| 1394 |
– |
.I Ra_pr |
| 1395 |
– |
converts to and from Sun 8-bit rasterfile format. |
| 1396 |
– |
.I Ra_pr24 |
| 1397 |
– |
converts to and from Sun 24-bit rasterfile format. |
| 1516 |
|
.I Ra_ps |
| 1517 |
|
converts to PostScript color and greyscale formats. |
| 1518 |
|
.I Ra_rgbe |
| 1528 |
|
.NH 1 |
| 1529 |
|
License |
| 1530 |
|
.PP |
| 1531 |
< |
Radiance is a registered copyright of The Regents of the University of |
| 1532 |
< |
California ("The Regents"). The Regents grant to you a nonexclusive, |
| 1533 |
< |
nontransferable license ("License") to use Radiance source code without fee. |
| 1534 |
< |
You may not sell or distribute Radiance to others without the prior express |
| 1535 |
< |
written permission of The Regents. |
| 1536 |
< |
You may compile and use this software on any machines to which you have |
| 1537 |
< |
personal access, and may share its use with others who have access to the |
| 1538 |
< |
same machines. |
| 1539 |
< |
.PP |
| 1540 |
< |
NEITHER THE UNITED STATES NOR THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, NOR ANY |
| 1541 |
< |
OF THEIR EMPLOYEES, MAKES ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OR ASSUMES ANY |
| 1542 |
< |
LEGAL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, OR |
| 1543 |
< |
USEFULNESS OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, PRODUCT, OR PROCESS DISCLOSED, OR |
| 1544 |
< |
REPRESENTS THAT ITS USE WOULD NOT INFRINGE PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS. |
| 1545 |
< |
By downloading, using or copying this software, you agree to abide by the |
| 1546 |
< |
intellectual property laws and all other applicable laws of the United |
| 1547 |
< |
States, and by the terms of this License Agreement. Ownership of the software |
| 1548 |
< |
shall remain solely in The Regents. |
| 1549 |
< |
The Regents shall have the right to terminate this License immediately by |
| 1550 |
< |
written notice upon your breach of, or noncompliance with, any of its terms. |
| 1551 |
< |
You shall be liable for any infringement or damages resulting from your |
| 1552 |
< |
failure to abide by the terms of this License Agreement. |
| 1553 |
< |
.PP |
| 1554 |
< |
NOTICE: The Government is granted for itself and others acting on its behalf |
| 1555 |
< |
a paid-up, nonexclusive irrevocable worldwide license in this data to |
| 1556 |
< |
reproduce, prepare derivative works, and perform publicly and display |
| 1557 |
< |
publicly. Beginning five (5) years after permission to assert copyright is |
| 1558 |
< |
granted, subject to two possible five year renewals, the Government is |
| 1559 |
< |
granted for itself and others acting on its behalf a paid-up, non-exclusive, |
| 1560 |
< |
irrevocable worldwide license in this data to reproduce, prepare derivative |
| 1561 |
< |
works, distribute copies to the public, perform publicly and display |
| 1562 |
< |
publicly, and to permit others to do so. |
| 1531 |
> |
.DS |
| 1532 |
> |
The Radiance Software License, Version 1.0 |
| 1533 |
> |
|
| 1534 |
> |
Copyright (c) 1990 - 2008 The Regents of the University of California, |
| 1535 |
> |
through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All rights reserved. |
| 1536 |
> |
|
| 1537 |
> |
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without |
| 1538 |
> |
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions |
| 1539 |
> |
are met: |
| 1540 |
> |
|
| 1541 |
> |
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright |
| 1542 |
> |
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. |
| 1543 |
> |
|
| 1544 |
> |
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright |
| 1545 |
> |
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in |
| 1546 |
> |
the documentation and/or other materials provided with the |
| 1547 |
> |
distribution. |
| 1548 |
> |
|
| 1549 |
> |
3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, |
| 1550 |
> |
if any, must include the following acknowledgment: |
| 1551 |
> |
"This product includes Radiance software |
| 1552 |
> |
(http://radsite.lbl.gov/) |
| 1553 |
> |
developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| 1554 |
> |
(http://www.lbl.gov/)." |
| 1555 |
> |
Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, |
| 1556 |
> |
if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear. |
| 1557 |
> |
|
| 1558 |
> |
4. The names "Radiance," "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory" |
| 1559 |
> |
and "The Regents of the University of California" must |
| 1560 |
> |
not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this |
| 1561 |
> |
software without prior written permission. For written |
| 1562 |
> |
permission, please contact [email protected]. |
| 1563 |
> |
|
| 1564 |
> |
5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Radiance", |
| 1565 |
> |
nor may "Radiance" appear in their name, without prior written |
| 1566 |
> |
permission of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. |
| 1567 |
> |
|
| 1568 |
> |
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED |
| 1569 |
> |
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES |
| 1570 |
> |
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE |
| 1571 |
> |
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory OR |
| 1572 |
> |
ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, |
| 1573 |
> |
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT |
| 1574 |
> |
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF |
| 1575 |
> |
USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND |
| 1576 |
> |
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, |
| 1577 |
> |
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT |
| 1578 |
> |
OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF |
| 1579 |
> |
SUCH DAMAGE. |
| 1580 |
> |
.DE |
| 1581 |
|
.NH 1 |
| 1582 |
|
Acknowledgements |
| 1583 |
|
.PP |
| 1593 |
|
in Lausanne, Switzerland. |
| 1594 |
|
.NH 1 |
| 1595 |
|
References |
| 1596 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1597 |
+ |
Wang, Taoning, Gregory Ward, Eleanor Lee, |
| 1598 |
+ |
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| 1599 |
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exterior shading: Validation of matrix algebraic methods,'' |
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vol. 174, pp. 464-83, Sept. 2018. |
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Lee, Eleanor S., David Geisler-Moroder, Gregory Ward, |
| 1604 |
+ |
``Modeling the direct sun component in buildings using matrix |
| 1605 |
+ |
algebraic approaches: Methods and validation,'' |
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| 1607 |
+ |
vol. 160, 15 January 2018, pp 380-395. |
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Ward, G., M. Kurt & N. Bonneel, |
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``Reducing Anisotropic BSDF Measurement to Common Practice,'' |
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+ |
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| 1615 |
+ |
``A validation of a ray-tracing tool used to generate |
| 1616 |
+ |
bi-directional scattering distribution functions for |
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+ |
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+ |
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98, 404-14, November 2013. |
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+ |
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Ward, G., R. Mistrick, E.S. Lee, A. McNeil, J. Jonsson, |
| 1622 |
+ |
``Simulating the Daylight Performance of Complex Fenestration Systems |
| 1623 |
+ |
Using Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions within Radiance,'' |
| 1624 |
+ |
.I "Leukos", |
| 1625 |
+ |
7(4), |
| 1626 |
+ |
April 2011. |
| 1627 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1628 |
+ |
Cater, K., A. Chalmers, G. Ward, |
| 1629 |
+ |
``Detail to Attention: Exploiting Visual Tasks for Selective Rendering,'' |
| 1630 |
+ |
.I "Eurograhics Symposium on Rendering", |
| 1631 |
+ |
June 2003. |
| 1632 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1633 |
+ |
Ward, G., Elena Eydelberg-Vileshin, |
| 1634 |
+ |
``Picture Perfect RGB Rendering Using Spectral Prefiltering and |
| 1635 |
+ |
Sharp Color Primaries,'' |
| 1636 |
+ |
13th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, P. Debevec and |
| 1637 |
+ |
S. Gibson (Editors), June 2002. |
| 1638 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1639 |
+ |
Ward, G. and M. Simmons, |
| 1640 |
+ |
``The Holodeck Ray Cache: An Interactive Rendering System for Global |
| 1641 |
+ |
Illumination in Nondiffuse Environments,'' |
| 1642 |
+ |
.I "ACM Transactions on Graphics," |
| 1643 |
+ |
18(4):361-98, October 1999. |
| 1644 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1645 |
+ |
Larson, G.W., H. Rushmeier, C. Piatko, |
| 1646 |
+ |
``A Visibility Matching Tone Reproduction Operator for High Dynamic |
| 1647 |
+ |
Range Scenes,'' |
| 1648 |
+ |
.I "IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics", |
| 1649 |
+ |
3(4), 291-306, December 1997. |
| 1650 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1651 |
+ |
Ward, G., |
| 1652 |
+ |
``Making Global Illumination User Friendly,'' |
| 1653 |
+ |
.I "Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering", |
| 1654 |
+ |
proceedings to be published by Springer-Verlag, |
| 1655 |
+ |
Dublin, Ireland, June 1995. |
| 1656 |
+ |
.LP |
| 1657 |
+ |
Rushmeier, H., G. Ward, C. Piatko, P. Sanders, B. Rust, |
| 1658 |
+ |
``Comparing Real and Synthetic Images: Some Ideas about Metrics,'' |
| 1659 |
+ |
.I "Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering", |
| 1660 |
+ |
proceedings to be published by Springer-Verlag, |
| 1661 |
+ |
Dublin, Ireland, June 1995. |
| 1662 |
|
.LP |
| 1663 |
|
Ward, G., |
| 1664 |
|
``The Radiance Lighting Simulation and Rendering System,'' |
