87 |
|
.IP |
88 |
|
v value (radiance) |
89 |
|
.IP |
90 |
+ |
V contribution (radiance) |
91 |
+ |
.IP |
92 |
|
w weight |
93 |
|
.IP |
94 |
< |
W contribution |
94 |
> |
W color coefficient |
95 |
|
.IP |
96 |
|
l effective length of ray |
97 |
|
.IP |
111 |
|
.IP |
112 |
|
M material name |
113 |
|
.IP |
114 |
+ |
~ tilde (end of trace marker) |
115 |
+ |
.IP |
116 |
|
If the letter 't' appears in |
117 |
|
.I spec, |
118 |
|
then the fields following will be printed for every ray traced, |
120 |
|
If the capital letter 'T' is given instead of 't', then all rays will |
121 |
|
be reported, including shadow testing rays to light sources. |
122 |
|
Spawned rays are indented one tab for each level. |
123 |
+ |
The tilde marker ('~') is a handy way of differentiating the final ray |
124 |
+ |
value from daughter values in a traced ray tree, and usually appears |
125 |
+ |
right before the 't' or 'T' output flags. |
126 |
+ |
E.g., |
127 |
+ |
.I \-ov~TmW |
128 |
+ |
will emit a tilde followed by a tab at the end of each trace, |
129 |
+ |
which can be easily distinguished even in binary output. |
130 |
|
.IP |
131 |
|
Note that there is no space between this option and its argument. |
132 |
|
.TP |
149 |
|
Add |
150 |
|
.I mod |
151 |
|
to the trace include list, |
152 |
< |
so that it will be considered during the indirect calculation. |
152 |
> |
so that it will be reported by the trace option. |
153 |
|
The program can use either an include list or an exclude |
154 |
|
list, but not both. |
155 |
|
.TP |
180 |
|
This option is especially useful in |
181 |
|
conjunction with ximage(1) for computing illuminance at scene points. |
182 |
|
.TP |
183 |
+ |
.BR \-u |
184 |
+ |
Boolean switch to control uncorrelated random sampling. |
185 |
+ |
When "off", a low-discrepancy sequence is used, which reduces |
186 |
+ |
variance but can result in a brushed appearance in specular highlights. |
187 |
+ |
When "on", pure Monte Carlo sampling is used in all calculations. |
188 |
+ |
.TP |
189 |
|
.BR \-I |
190 |
|
Boolean switch to compute irradiance rather than radiance, |
191 |
|
with the input origin and direction interpreted instead |
230 |
|
.I \-f |
231 |
|
option, above.) |
232 |
|
.TP |
233 |
+ |
.BI -n \ nproc |
234 |
+ |
Execute in parallel on |
235 |
+ |
.I nproc |
236 |
+ |
local processes. |
237 |
+ |
This option is incompatible with |
238 |
+ |
.I \-P |
239 |
+ |
and |
240 |
+ |
.I \-PP, |
241 |
+ |
and is not currently supported with the |
242 |
+ |
.I \-I |
243 |
+ |
option. |
244 |
+ |
Multiple processes also do not work properly with ray tree output |
245 |
+ |
using any of the |
246 |
+ |
.I \-o*t* |
247 |
+ |
options. |
248 |
+ |
There is no benefit from specifying more processes than there are |
249 |
+ |
cores available on the system or the |
250 |
+ |
.I \-x |
251 |
+ |
setting, which forces a wait at each flush. |
252 |
+ |
.TP |
253 |
|
.BI -dj \ frac |
254 |
|
Set the direct jittering to |
255 |
|
.I frac. |
546 |
|
.BI -lr \ N |
547 |
|
Limit reflections to a maximum of |
548 |
|
.I N. |
549 |
+ |
If |
550 |
+ |
.I N |
551 |
+ |
is zero or negative, then Russian roulette is used for ray |
552 |
+ |
termination, and the |
553 |
+ |
.I -lw |
554 |
+ |
setting (below) must be positive. |
555 |
+ |
If N is a negative integer, then this sets the upper limit |
556 |
+ |
of reflections past which Russian roulette will not be used. |
557 |
+ |
In scenes with dielectrics and total internal reflection, |
558 |
+ |
a setting of 0 (no limit) may cause a stack overflow. |
559 |
|
.TP |
560 |
|
.BI -lw \ frac |
561 |
|
Limit the weight of each ray to a minimum of |
562 |
|
.I frac. |
563 |
< |
During ray-tracing, a record is kept of the final contribution |
564 |
< |
a ray would have to the image. |
565 |
< |
If it is less then the specified minimum, the ray is not traced. |
563 |
> |
During ray-tracing, a record is kept of the estimated contribution |
564 |
> |
(weight) a ray would have in the image. |
565 |
> |
If this weight is less than the specified minimum and the |
566 |
> |
.I -lr |
567 |
> |
setting (above) is positive, the ray is not traced. |
568 |
> |
Otherwise, Russian roulette is used to |
569 |
> |
continue rays with a probability equal to the ray weight |
570 |
> |
divided by the given |
571 |
> |
.I frac. |
572 |
|
.TP |
573 |
|
.BR -ld |
574 |
|
Boolean switch to limit ray distance. |
632 |
|
.SH EXAMPLES |
633 |
|
To compute radiance values for the rays listed in samples.inp: |
634 |
|
.IP "" .2i |
635 |
< |
rtrace -ov scene.oct < samples.inp > radiance.out |
635 |
> |
rtrace \-ov scene.oct < samples.inp > radiance.out |
636 |
|
.PP |
637 |
|
To compute illuminance values at locations selected with the 't' |
638 |
|
command of |
639 |
|
.I ximage(1): |
640 |
|
.IP "" .2i |
641 |
< |
ximage scene.pic | rtrace -h -x 1 -i scene.oct | rcalc -e '$1=47.4*$1+120*$2+11.6*$3' |
641 |
> |
ximage scene.hdr | rtrace \-h \-x 1 \-i scene.oct | rcalc \-e '$1=47.4*$1+120*$2+11.6*$3' |
642 |
|
.PP |
643 |
|
To record the object identifier corresponding to each pixel in an image: |
644 |
|
.IP "" .2i |
645 |
< |
vwrays -fd scene.pic | rtrace -fda `vwrays -d scene.pic` -os scene.oct |
645 |
> |
vwrays \-fd scene.hdr | rtrace \-fda `vwrays \-d scene.hdr` \-os scene.oct |
646 |
|
.PP |
647 |
|
To compute an image with an unusual view mapping: |
648 |
|
.IP "" .2i |
649 |
< |
cnt 640 480 | rcalc -e 'xr:640;yr:480' -f unusual_view.cal | rtrace |
650 |
< |
-x 640 -y 480 -fac scene.oct > unusual.pic |
649 |
> |
cnt 480 640 | rcalc \-e 'xr:640;yr:480' \-f unusual_view.cal | rtrace |
650 |
> |
\-x 640 \-y 480 \-fac scene.oct > unusual.hdr |
651 |
|
.SH ENVIRONMENT |
652 |
|
RAYPATH the directories to check for auxiliary files. |
653 |
|
.SH FILES |
666 |
|
Greg Ward |
667 |
|
.SH "SEE ALSO" |
668 |
|
getinfo(1), lookamb(1), oconv(1), pfilt(1), pinterp(1), |
669 |
< |
pvalue(1), rpict(1), rvu(1), vwrays(1), ximage(1) |
669 |
> |
pvalue(1), rpict(1), rtcontrib(1), rvu(1), vwrays(1), ximage(1) |