| 57 |
|
illumination and is intended for debugging and validation of photon emission |
| 58 |
|
from the light sources, as the quality is too low for actual rendering. |
| 59 |
|
|
| 60 |
< |
.IP "\fB\-apC \fIfile nphotons \fB(EXPERIMENTAL)\fR" |
| 60 |
> |
.IP "\fB\-apC \fIfile nphotons\fR" |
| 61 |
|
Generate a contribution photon map containing approximately |
| 62 |
|
\fInphotons\fR photons, and output to file \fIfile\fR. This may then be |
| 63 |
< |
used by \fIrcontrib(1)\fR to compute light source contributions. |
| 63 |
> |
used by \fIrcontrib(1)\fR to compute light source contributions. When used |
| 64 |
> |
with \fIrtrace(1)\fR or \fIrpict(1)\fR, contribution photon maps behave as |
| 65 |
> |
regular global photon maps and yield cumulative contributions from all light |
| 66 |
> |
sources. |
| 67 |
|
.IP |
| 68 |
|
With this option, \fImkpmap\fR uses a modified photon distribution |
| 69 |
|
algorithm that ensures all light sources contribute approximately the |
| 84 |
|
photon flux; the remaining photons are discarded as their contributions |
| 85 |
|
have been accounted for. |
| 86 |
|
.IP |
| 87 |
< |
This obviates the explicit irradiance |
| 88 |
< |
evaluation by \fIrpict(1), rtrace(1)\fR and \fIrvu(1)\fR, thus providing |
| 89 |
< |
a speedup at the expense of accuracy. The resulting error is tolerable |
| 90 |
< |
if the indirect illumination has a low gradient, as is usually the case |
| 88 |
< |
with diffuse illumination. |
| 87 |
> |
This obviates the explicit irradiance evaluation by \fIrpict(1), |
| 88 |
> |
rtrace(1)\fR and \fIrvu(1)\fR, thus providing a speedup at the expense of |
| 89 |
> |
accuracy. The resulting error is tolerable if the indirect illumination has |
| 90 |
> |
a low gradient, as is usually the case with diffuse illumination. |
| 91 |
|
|
| 92 |
|
.IP "\fB\-apD \fIpredistrib\fR" |
| 93 |
|
Photon predistribution factor; this is the fraction of \fInphotons\fR |
| 95 |
|
remaining number of photons to emit in the main pass to approximately |
| 96 |
|
yield a photon map of size \fInphotons\fR. |
| 97 |
|
.IP |
| 98 |
< |
Setting this too high may |
| 99 |
< |
yield more than \fInphotons\fR in the initial pass with highly |
| 100 |
< |
reflective geometry. Note that this value may exceed 1, which may be |
| 99 |
< |
useful if the resulting photon map size greatly deviates from |
| 98 |
> |
Setting this too high may yield more than \fInphotons\fR in the initial pass |
| 99 |
> |
with highly reflective geometry. Note that this value may exceed 1, which |
| 100 |
> |
may be useful if the resulting photon map size greatly deviates from |
| 101 |
|
\fInphotons\fR with a very low average reflectance. |
| 102 |
|
|
| 103 |
< |
.IP "\fB\-apP \fIprecomp\fR" |
| 104 |
< |
Fraction of global photons to precompute in the range ]0,1] when using the |
| 105 |
< |
\fB\-app\fR option. |
| 103 |
> |
.IP "\fB\-api \fIxmin ymin zmin xmax ymax zmax\fR" |
| 104 |
> |
Define a region of interest within which to store photons exclusively; |
| 105 |
> |
photons will only be stored within the volume bounded by the given minimum |
| 106 |
> |
and maximum coordinates. Multiple instances of this option may be specified |
| 107 |
> |
with cumulative effect to define compound regions of interest. This is |
| 108 |
> |
useful for constraining photons to only the relevant regions of a scene, but |
| 109 |
> |
may increase the photon distribution time. |
| 110 |
> |
.IP |
| 111 |
> |
\fBWARNING: this is an optimisation option for advanced users (an elite |
| 112 |
> |
group collectively known as \fIZe Ekspertz\fB) and may yield biased results. |
| 113 |
> |
Use with caution!\fR |
| 114 |
|
|
| 115 |
|
.IP "\fB\-apm \fImaxbounce\fR" |
| 116 |
< |
Maximum number of bounces (scattering events) along a photon path before |
| 117 |
< |
being considered "runaway" and terminated. Photons paths are normally |
| 109 |
< |
terminated via \fIRussian Roulette\fR, depending on their albedo. With |
| 110 |
< |
unrealistically high albedos, this is not guaranteed, and this options |
| 111 |
< |
imposes a hard limit to avoid an infinite loop. |
| 116 |
> |
Synonymous with \fB\-lr\fR for backwards compatibility. May be removed in |
| 117 |
> |
future releases. |
| 118 |
|
|
| 119 |
|
.IP "\fB\-apM \fImaxprepass\fR" |
| 120 |
|
Maximum number of iterations of the distribution prepass before terminating |
| 121 |
< |
if some photon maps are still empty. This option is rarely needed as a |
| 122 |
< |
an aborted prepass indicates an anomaly in the geometry or an |
| 121 |
> |
if some photon maps are still empty. This option is rarely needed as |
| 122 |
> |
an aborted prepass may indicate an anomaly in the geometry or an |
| 123 |
|
incompatibility with the specified photon map types (see \fBNOTES\fR below). |
| 124 |
|
|
| 125 |
< |
.IP "\fB\-apo \fImod\fR" |
| 125 |
> |
.IP "\fB\-apo\fR[\fB+\fR|\fB-\fR|\fB0\fR] \fImod\fR" |
| 126 |
|
Specifies a modifier \fImod\fR to act as a \fIphoton port\fR. All |
| 127 |
|
objects using this modifier will emit photons directly in lieu of any |
| 128 |
|
light sources defined with the \fIsource\fR material. This greatly |
| 129 |
|
accelerates photon distribution in scenes where photons have to enter a |
| 130 |
|
space which separates them from the emitting light source via an |
| 131 |
< |
opening, or port. |
| 131 |
> |
aperture (e.g. fenestration, skylight) acting as a port. |
| 132 |
|
.IP |
| 133 |
< |
A typical application is daylight simulation, where a |
| 134 |
< |
fenestration acts as port to admit photons into an interior after |
| 135 |
< |
emission from an external light source. Multiple instances of this |
| 130 |
< |
option may be specified. |
| 133 |
> |
In a typical daylight simulation scenario, a fenestration acts as a port to |
| 134 |
> |
admit photons into an interior after emission from sky and solar sources. |
| 135 |
> |
Multiple instances of this option may be specified. |
| 136 |
|
.IP |
| 137 |
< |
Note that port objects must be defined with their surface normals |
| 138 |
< |
pointing \fIinside\fR as per \fImkillum\fR convention. |
| 139 |
< |
|
| 137 |
> |
By default, ports are oriented to emit in the halfspace defined |
| 138 |
> |
by their associated surface normal. This can be overridden by |
| 139 |
> |
specifying a trivalent suffix as follows: |
| 140 |
> |
.RS |
| 141 |
> |
.IP \fB+\fR: |
| 142 |
> |
Forward emission; this is equivalent to the abovementioned default behaviour. |
| 143 |
> |
.IP \fB-\fR: |
| 144 |
> |
Backward emission; the port is reversed and photons are emitted into the |
| 145 |
> |
halfspace facing away from the surface normal. |
| 146 |
> |
.IP \fB0\fR: |
| 147 |
> |
Bidirectional emission; photons are emitted from both sides of the port. |
| 148 |
> |
.RE |
| 149 |
> |
.IP |
| 150 |
> |
Situations that call for a reversed photon port include, for |
| 151 |
> |
example, using fenestrations as ports that were (for whatever |
| 152 |
> |
reason) defined with outward facing normals, or using a \fBmist\fR |
| 153 |
> |
primitive as a port, since this requires outward facing normals in order to |
| 154 |
> |
register the photons as having entered the volume. |
| 155 |
> |
|
| 156 |
|
.IP "\fB\-apO \fImodfile\fR" |
| 157 |
|
Read photon port modifiers from the file \fImodfile\fR as a more convenient |
| 158 |
|
alternative to multiple instances of \fB\-apo\fR. |
| 159 |
|
|
| 160 |
+ |
.IP "\fB\-apP \fIprecomp\fR" |
| 161 |
+ |
Fraction of global photons to precompute in the range ]0,1] when using the |
| 162 |
+ |
\fB\-app\fR option. |
| 163 |
+ |
|
| 164 |
|
.IP "\fB\-apr \fIseed\fR" |
| 165 |
< |
Seed for the random number generator. This is necessary for generating |
| 166 |
< |
different photon distributions for the same octree and photon map size. |
| 165 |
> |
Seed for the random number generator. This is useful for generating |
| 166 |
> |
different photon distributions for the same octree and photon map size, |
| 167 |
> |
notably in progressive applications. |
| 168 |
|
|
| 169 |
|
.IP "\fB\-aps \fImod\fR" |
| 170 |
|
Specifies a modifier \fImod\fR defined as \fIantimatter\fR material to act |
| 174 |
|
surface therefore does not affect the light transport and simply acts as an |
| 175 |
|
invisible photon receiver. This is useful when photon irradiance is to be |
| 176 |
|
evaluated at points which do not lie on regular geometry, e.g. at workplane |
| 177 |
< |
height with \firtrace\fR's \fB-I\fR option. Without this workaround, |
| 177 |
> |
height with \fIrtrace\fR's \fB-I\fR option. Without this workaround, |
| 178 |
|
photons would be collected from parallel but distant planes, leading to |
| 179 |
|
underestimation. Note that photons are only deposited when incident from |
| 180 |
|
the front side of the sensor surface, i.e. when entering the |
| 185 |
|
Read virtual receiver surface modifiers from the file \fImodfile\fR as a more |
| 186 |
|
convenient alternative to multiple instances of \fB\-aps\fR. |
| 187 |
|
|
| 188 |
+ |
.IP "\fB\-ae \fImod\fR" |
| 189 |
+ |
Add \fImod\fR to the ambient exclude list, so that it will be ignored by the |
| 190 |
+ |
photon map. Objects having \fImod\fR as their modifier will not have |
| 191 |
+ |
photons deposited on them. Multiple modifiers may be given, each as separate |
| 192 |
+ |
instances of this option. |
| 193 |
+ |
.IP |
| 194 |
+ |
\fBWARNING: this is an optimisation option for advanced users and may yield |
| 195 |
+ |
biased results. It may also significantly increase photon distribution |
| 196 |
+ |
times. Use with caution!\fR |
| 197 |
+ |
|
| 198 |
+ |
.IP "\fB\-aE \fIfile\fR" |
| 199 |
+ |
Same as \fI-ae\fR, except modifiers to be exluded are read from \fIfile\fR, |
| 200 |
+ |
separated by whitespace. The RAYPATH environment variable determines which |
| 201 |
+ |
directories are searched for this file. |
| 202 |
+ |
|
| 203 |
+ |
.IP "\fB\-ai \fImod\fR" |
| 204 |
+ |
Add \fImod\fR to the ambient include list, so that it will contribute to the |
| 205 |
+ |
photon map. Only objects having \fImod\fR as their modifier will have |
| 206 |
+ |
photons deposited on them. Multiple modifiers may be given, each as separate |
| 207 |
+ |
instances of this option. Note that the ambient include and exclude options |
| 208 |
+ |
are mutually exclusive. |
| 209 |
+ |
.IP |
| 210 |
+ |
\fBWARNING: this is an optimisation option for advanced users and may yield |
| 211 |
+ |
biased results. It may also significantly increase photon distribution |
| 212 |
+ |
times. Use with caution!\fR |
| 213 |
+ |
|
| 214 |
+ |
.IP "\fB\-aI \fIfile\fR" |
| 215 |
+ |
Same as \fI-ai\fR, except modifiers to be included are read from \fIfile\fR, |
| 216 |
+ |
separated by whitespace. The RAYPATH environment variable determines which |
| 217 |
+ |
directories are searched for this file. |
| 218 |
+ |
|
| 219 |
|
.IP "\fB\-bv\fR[\fB+\fR|\fB-\fR]" |
| 220 |
|
Toggles backface visibility; enabling this causes photons to be stored and |
| 221 |
|
possibly scattered if they strike the back of a surface, otherwise they |
| 247 |
|
inadvertently destroying the results of potentially lengthy photon |
| 248 |
|
mapping runs. |
| 249 |
|
|
| 250 |
< |
.IP "\fB\-i \fIinc\fR" |
| 251 |
< |
Photon heap size increment; the photon heap is enlarged by this amount |
| 252 |
< |
when storage overflows during photon distribution. No need to fiddle |
| 253 |
< |
with this under ordinary circumstances. |
| 250 |
> |
.IP "\fB\-ld \fImaxdist\fR" |
| 251 |
> |
Limit cumulative distance travelled by a photon along its path to |
| 252 |
> |
\fImaxdist\fR. Photon hits within this distance will be stored, and the |
| 253 |
> |
photon is terminated once its path length exceeds this limit. This is |
| 254 |
> |
useful for setting radial regions of interest around emitting/reflecting |
| 255 |
> |
geometry, but may increase the photon distribution time. |
| 256 |
> |
.IP |
| 257 |
> |
\fBWARNING: this is an optimisation option for advanced users (an elite |
| 258 |
> |
group collectively known as \fIZe Ekspertz\fB) and may yield biased results. |
| 259 |
> |
Use with caution!\fR |
| 260 |
|
|
| 261 |
+ |
.IP "\fB\-lr \fImaxbounce\fR" |
| 262 |
+ |
Limit number of bounces (scattering events) along a photon path to |
| 263 |
+ |
\fImaxbounce\fR before being considered "runaway" and terminated. Photons |
| 264 |
+ |
paths are normally terminated via \fIRussian Roulette\fR, depending on their |
| 265 |
+ |
albedo. With unrealistically high albedos, this is not guaranteed, and this |
| 266 |
+ |
option imposes a hard limit to avoid an infinite loop. |
| 267 |
+ |
.IP |
| 268 |
+ |
\fBWARNING: this is an optimisation option for advanced users (an elite |
| 269 |
+ |
group collectively known as \fIZe Ekspertz\fB) and may yield biased results. |
| 270 |
+ |
Use with caution!\fR |
| 271 |
+ |
|
| 272 |
|
.IP "\fB\-ma \fIralb galb balb\fR" |
| 273 |
|
Set the global scattering albedo for participating media in conjunction |
| 274 |
|
with the \fB\-apv\fR option. See \fIrpict(1)\fR for details. |
| 281 |
|
Set the global scattering eccentricity for participating media in conjunction |
| 282 |
|
with the \fB\-apv\fR option. See \fIrpict(1)\fR for details. |
| 283 |
|
|
| 284 |
+ |
.IP "\fB\-n \fInproc\fR" |
| 285 |
+ |
Use \fInproc\fR processes for parallel photon distribution. There is no |
| 286 |
+ |
benefit in specifying more than the number of physical CPU cores available. |
| 287 |
+ |
This option is currently not available on Windows. |
| 288 |
+ |
|
| 289 |
|
.IP "\fB\-t \fIinterval\fR" |
| 290 |
|
Output a progress report every \fIinterval\fR seconds. This includes |
| 291 |
|
statistics about the currently emitting light source (including number of |
| 322 |
|
\fB\-apM\fR option. |
| 323 |
|
|
| 324 |
|
.SS Material Support |
| 325 |
< |
The \fIplasfunc\fR, \fImetfunc\fR, \fItransfunc\fR, \fIbrtdfunc\fR, |
| 326 |
< |
\fIplasdata\fR, \fImetdata\fR and \fItransdata\fR materials are not |
| 327 |
< |
supported by the photon mapping extension. Use the newer \fIbsdf\fR material |
| 325 |
> |
Not all materials are fully supported by the photon map extension. The |
| 326 |
> |
\fIplasfunc\fR, \fImetfunc\fR, \fItransfunc\fR, \fIplasdata\fR, |
| 327 |
> |
\fImetdata\fR and \fItransdata\fR materials currently only scatter photons |
| 328 |
> |
diffusely, and will not produce caustics. The \fIbrtdfunc\fR material only |
| 329 |
> |
produces caustics via ideal (mirror) specular reflection and transmission. |
| 330 |
> |
For more realistic scattering behaviour, use the newer \fIbsdf\fR material |
| 331 |
|
instead. |
| 332 |
|
.PP |
| 333 |
|
Virtual light sources (normally enabled with the \fImirror\fR material) are |
| 356 |
|
.PP |
| 357 |
|
Generate 1 million global photons by emitting them from external light |
| 358 |
|
sources of type \fIsource\fR into a reference room via a fenestration |
| 359 |
< |
with modifier \fIglazingMat\fR: |
| 359 |
> |
with modifier \fIglazingMat\fR acting as photon port, with inward-facing |
| 360 |
> |
normal: |
| 361 |
|
.IP |
| 362 |
|
mkpmap \-apg refRoom.gpm 1m \-apo glazingMat refRoom.oct |
| 363 |
|
.PP |
| 364 |
< |
Generate a contribution photon map containing 200000 photons suitable for |
| 365 |
< |
obtaining light source contributions with \fIrcontrib(1)\fR: |
| 364 |
> |
Generate a contribution photon map containing 10 million photons to bin |
| 365 |
> |
light source contributions with \fIrcontrib(1)\fR: |
| 366 |
|
.IP |
| 367 |
< |
mkpmap \-apl bonzo-contrib.gpm 200k bonzo.oct |
| 367 |
> |
mkpmap \-apC bonzo-contrib.gpm 10m bonzo.oct |
| 368 |
|
|
| 369 |
|
.SH BUGS |
| 370 |
|
The focus of a spotlight source, as defined by the length of its direction |
| 378 |
|
Roland Schregle (roland.schregle@{hslu.ch,gmail.com}) |
| 379 |
|
|
| 380 |
|
.SH COPYRIGHT |
| 381 |
< |
(c) Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Lucerne University of |
| 382 |
< |
Applied Sciences and Arts. |
| 381 |
> |
(c) Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, |
| 382 |
> |
.br |
| 383 |
> |
(c) Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, |
| 384 |
> |
.br |
| 385 |
> |
(c) Tokyo University of Science. |
| 386 |
|
|
| 387 |
< |
.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
| 388 |
< |
Development of the RADIANCE photon mapping extension was sponsored by the |
| 303 |
< |
German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Swiss National Science Foundation |
| 304 |
< |
(SNF). |
| 387 |
> |
.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
| 388 |
> |
Development of the RADIANCE photon mapping extension was supported by: |
| 389 |
|
|
| 390 |
+ |
.RS |
| 391 |
+ |
\fIFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems\fR funded by |
| 392 |
+ |
the German Research Foundation (\fIDFG LU204/10-2\fR, "Fassadenintegrierte |
| 393 |
+ |
Regelsysteme (FARESYS)"), |
| 394 |
+ |
|
| 395 |
+ |
\fILucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts\fR funded by |
| 396 |
+ |
the Swiss National Science Foundation (\fISNSF 147053\fR, "Daylight redirecting components"), |
| 397 |
+ |
|
| 398 |
+ |
\fITokyo University of Science\fR funded by the JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific |
| 399 |
+ |
Research Programme (\fIKAKENHI JP19KK0115\fR, "Three-dimensional light flow"). |
| 400 |
+ |
.RE |
| 401 |
+ |
|
| 402 |
+ |
Many thanks also to the many individuals who tested the code and provided |
| 403 |
+ |
valuable feedback. Special greetz to Don Gregorio, PAB and Capt.\~B! |
| 404 |
+ |
|
| 405 |
|
.SH "SEE ALSO" |
| 406 |
|
rpict(1), rtrace(1), rvu(1), rcontrib(1), |
| 407 |
< |
\fIThe RADIANCE Photon Map Manual\fR |
| 407 |
> |
.br |
| 408 |
> |
\fIThe RADIANCE Photon Map Manual\fR, |
| 409 |
> |
.br |
| 410 |
> |
\fIDevelopment and Integration of the RADIANCE Photon Map Extension: |
| 411 |
> |
Technical Report\fR, |
| 412 |
> |
.br |
| 413 |
> |
\fIThe RADIANCE Out-of-Core Photon Map: Technical Report\fR, |
| 414 |
> |
.br |
| 415 |
> |
\fIBonzo Daylighting Tool a.k.a. EvilDRC [TM]\fR |
| 416 |
|
|
